Balconi Neuropsychology of Communication

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-88-470-1584-5
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 223 Seiten

In this volume, the communicative and neuropsychological correlates of daily interactions are discussed. The predominant account on explaining the construction of meaning by humans is the inter-relational perspective, that postulates an intentional convergence of meaning arising as a consequence of the active exchanges between people. The neural correlates of communication were illustrated in the light of new empirical results, considering the main topics of: a) language and language development; b) pragmatics and neuropragmatics of communication; c) neurocognition and the cognitive bases of intentions; d) nonverbal communication and emotion contribution to the communicative systems. New methodological approaches are considered, with particular attention to neuroimaging (such as PET and fMRI) and brain stimulation techniques (as MEG and TMS), as well as their application to the clinical field.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Balconi, Michela

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title Page;2
2;Copyright Page;3
3;Preface;4
4;Table of Contents;7
5;List of Contributors;12
6;Section I The Neuropsychology of Language and Communication;14
7;1 Biological Basis of Linguistic and Communicative Systems: From Neurolinguistics to Neuropragmatics;15
7.1;1.1 Introduction: Neuropsychology for Language and Communication;15
7.2;1.2 Properties and Functions of Linguistic and Communicative Processes;17
7.3;1.3 Anatomic-structural Models of Language Functioning;19
7.3.1;1.3.1 Classical Models;19
7.3.2;1.3.2 Recent Acquisitions: Sub-cortical Systems and Interface Areas;22
7.4;1.4 The Contribution of Neurolinguistics;23
7.4.1;1.4.1 Language Production and Comprehension Processes: Cognitive Models;23
7.4.2;1.4.2 Functional Modularity of Language and Independence of Conceptual, Syntactic, and Semantic Representation Systems;25
7.5;1.5 Neuropsychology of Superior Communicative Functions: Neuropragmatics;27
7.5.1;1.5.1 Paralinguistic Components;28
7.5.1.1;1.5.1.1 Prosodic System;28
7.5.1.2;1.5.1.2 Neuropsychological Deficits of Prosody;30
7.5.2;1.5.2 Indirect Speech Acts and Pragmatic Functions of Figurative Language;31
7.6;1.6 Discourse Neuropragmatics;32
7.6.1;1.6.1 Discourse Competences: the Kintsch and van Dijk Model;32
7.7;1.7 Conversational Functions;33
7.8;References;34
8;2 Methods and Research Perspectives on the Neuropsychology of Communication;40
8.1;2.1 Introduction;40
8.2;2.2 Assumptions of Cognitive Neuropsychology;40
8.2.1;2.2.1 Function-structure Relationship;40
8.2.2;2.2.2 Structural, Functional and Representational Modularity;41
8.3;2.3 Methods of Analysis in Cognitive Neuropsychology;42
8.3.1;2.3.1 Experimental and Clinical Methods;42
8.4;2.4 Neuropsychological Measures for Language and Communication;43
8.5;2.4.1 Neuropsychological Assessment and Psychometric Batteries;43
8.6;2.4.2 Observational Indexes;44
8.6.1;2.4.2.1 Non-verbal Indexes and Response Times;45
8.6.2;2.4.2.2 Discriminative, Interference and Priming Indexes;46
8.6.3;2.4.2.3 Eye Movements;46
8.7;2.4.3 Psychophysiological Indexes: Neurovegetative Measures;47
8.7.1;2.4.3.1 Skin Conductance Activity;47
8.8;2.4.4 Cortical Electrical Activity;48
8.8.1;2.4.4.1 Electroencephalography;48
8.8.2;2.4.4.2 Exogenous and Endogenous Event-Related Potentials;49
8.8.3;2.4.4.3 ERPs, Language, and Communication Studies;49
8.8.4;2.4.4.4 Magnetoencephalography and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation;50
8.8.5;2.4.5 Neuroimaging: Structural and Functional Techniques;51
8.8.5.1;2.4.5.1 Structural Imaging;52
8.8.5.2;2.4.5.2 Functional Imaging;52
8.9;References;54
9;3 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Study of Language and Communication;58
9.1;3.1 Introduction;58
9.2;3.2 TMS and Language Studies;60
9.2.1;3.2.1 Production;60
9.2.2;3.2.2 Comprehension;64
9.3;3.3 Motor Area and Language;66
9.4;3.4 Conclusions;67
9.5;References;68
10;4 Electromagnetic Indices of Language Processing;71
10.1;4.1 Models of Language Comprehension and Production;71
10.2;4.2 Electrophysiology of Language;73
10.3;4.3 Orthographic Analysis;76
10.4;4.4 Phonologic/Phonetic Analysis;78
10.5;4.5 Grapheme-to-phoneme Conversion in Reading Deficits (Dyslexia);82
10.6;4.6 Lexical Analysis;86
10.7;4.7 Pragmatic Analysis;89
10.8;4.8 First- and Second-level Syntactic Analysis;91
10.9;4.9 The Representation of Language(s) in the Multilingual Brain: Interpreters and Bilinguals;92
10.10;References;97
11;Section II Neuropragmatics. Psychophysiological,Neuropsychological and Cognitive Correlates;101
12;5 From Pragmatics to Neuropragmatics;102
12.1;5.1 Communication and Pragmatics;102
12.1.1;5.1.1 “Pragmatic Meaning” and the Semantics/Pragmatics Interface;103
12.2;5.2 Pragmatic Issues;104
12.2.1;5.2.1 The Origins of Pragmatic Perspective;104
12.2.2;5.2.2 Pragmatic Competence as Communicative “Strategy” and “Option”;104
12.2.3;5.2.3 Pragmatics, Comprehension and Inference;105
12.2.4;5.2.4 Pragmatics and Context: Salience and the Direct Access View;106
12.3;5.3 Neuropragmatics;107
12.3.1;5.3.1 The Neuropragmatic Perspective;107
12.3.2;5.3.2 Neuropragmatic Issues;108
12.4;5.4 Irony Elaboration: Definition, Models and Empirical Evidence;108
12.4.1;5.4.1 Models of Irony Understanding;110
12.4.2;5.4.2 Irony Comprehension: Empirical Contributions;111
12.4.2.1;5.4.2.1 ERP Studies;111
12.4.2.2;5.4.2.2 Clinical Neuropsychology Studies;112
12.4.2.3;5.4.2.3 Neuroimaging Studies;113
12.5;References;115
13;6 Idiomatic Language Comprehension: Neuropsychological Evidence;119
13.1;6.1 Introduction;119
13.2;6.2 Experimental Paradigms;121
13.3;6.3 Idiom Comprehension in Patients with Focal Brain Lesions;121
13.3.1;6.3.1 Idiom Comprehension in Right-brain-damaged Patients;121
13.3.2;6.3.2 Idiom Comprehension in Aphasic Patients;124
13.3.3;6.3.3 Idiom Comprehension and the Prefrontal Lobe;129
13.3.4;6.3.4 Idiom Comprehension and the Corpus Callosum;130
13.4;6.4 Idiom Comprehension in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease;131
13.5;6.5 Idiom Comprehension in Schizophrenic Patients;133
13.6;6.6 Conclusions;134
13.7;References;135
14;7 Anticipatory Mechanisms in Idiom Comprehension: Psycholinguistic and Electrophysiological Evidence;138
14.1;7.1 Introduction;138
14.2;7.2 What an Idiomatic Expression Is (and Is Not);139
14.3;7.3 Semantic Forward-looking Mechanisms in Idiom Comprehension;140
14.4;7.4 An ERP Study on the Comprehension of Idiomatic Expressions in Italian: The N400 and the Electrophysiological Correlate of Categorical Expectations;145
14.5;7.5 Conclusions;149
14.6;References;149
15;8 Towards a Neurophysiology of Language;152
15.1;8.1 Introduction;152
15.2;8.2 The Neurobiology of Syntax;153
15.3;8.3 Semantic Representations in the Brain;155
15.4;8.4 Multiple Pathways for Language Processing;158
15.5;8.5 Conclusions;159
15.6;References;160
16;Section III From Intentions to Nonverbal Communication;163
17;9 Intentions and Communication: Cognitive Strategies, Metacognition and Social Cognition;164
17.1;9.1 Introduction: Communication as an Intentionalization Process;164
17.1.1;9.1.1 Intentionality and Communicative Intention;165
17.1.2;9.1.2 Intention and Consciousness;165
17.1.3;9.1.3 Consciousness and Attention: Two Autonomous Systems;166
17.1.4;9.1.4 Consciousness Functions for Communication;167
17.2;9.2 Planning and Control of Communicative Action;169
17.2.1;9.2.1 Executive Functions;169
17.2.2;9.2.2 Executive Functions for Intentional Communication;170
17.2.3;9.2.3 Working Memory Contribution;171
17.3;9.3 Action Strategies for Communication;172
17.3.1;9.3.1 Action Hierarchy Model;172
17.3.2;9.3.2 Strategy Implementation;173
17.3.2.1;9.3.2.1 Definition of Action Strategies;173
17.3.2.2;9.3.2.2 Representation of a Schematic Planning of Action;174
17.3.2.3;9.3.2.3 Action Preparation;174
17.3.3;9.3.3 Self-monitoring and Meta-cognition;175
17.4;9.4 The Contribution of Social Neuroscience to Communication;175
17.4.1;9.4.1 Models of the Mental States of Others;176
17.4.2;9.4.2 Meta-cognition and Conversation Regulation;177
17.5;References;178
18;10 The Neuropsychology of Nonverbal Communication: The Facial Expressions of Emotions;181
18.1;10.1 Introduction;181
18.2;10.2 Facial Expressions: Discrete Categories or Dimensions?;182
18.2.1;10.2.1 What About Intention Attribution?;183
18.2.2;10.2.2 Facial Expressions as Social Signals;184
18.2.3;10.2.3 Facial Expressions of Emotion as Cognitive Functions;185
18.2.4;10.2.4 The Stage Processing Model;186
18.2.5;10.2.5 Structural and Semantic Mechanisms of Emotional Facial Processing. Empirical Evidence;189
18.3;10.3 Neuropsychological Correlates of Emotional Facial Processing;191
18.3.1;10.3.1 Regional Brain Support for Face-specific-processing?;192
18.3.2;10.3.2 The Role of the Frontal and Temporal Lobes and of the Limbic Circuit in Emotion Decoding;193
18.3.2.1;10.3.2.1 The Frontal Lobe;193
18.3.2.2;10.3.2.2 The Temporal Lobe;193
18.3.2.3;10.3.2.3 The Limbic Contribution;194
18.3.2.4;10.3.2.4 The Contribution of the Amygdala;194
18.4;10.4 Left and Right Hemispheres in Facial Comprehension;196
18.4.1;10.4.1 Asymmetry of Emotional Processing;197
18.5;10.5 The Universe of Emotions: Different Brain Networks for Different Emotions?;199
18.5.1;10.5.1 Emotional Valence and the Arousal of Facial Expressions;199
18.5.2;10.5.2 N200 ERP Effect in Emotional Face Decoding;200
18.6;References;202
19;11 Emotions, Attitudes and Personality: Psychophysiological Correlates;207
19.1;11.1 Introduction;207
19.2;11.2 Facial Expression of Emotions as an Integrated Symbolic Message;208
19.3;11.3 Developmental Issues: Dimensionality in the Child’s Emotional Face Acquisition;208
19.4;11.4 The Effect of Personality and Attitudes on Face Comprehension;210
19.4.1;11.4.1 Appetitive vs Defensive Systems and the BIS and BAS Measures;211
19.4.2;11.4.2 New Directions: EEG Brain Oscillations and ERPs;212
19.5;11.5 Specialization of the Right Hemisphere in Facial Expressions?;215
19.5.1;11.5.1 Lateralization Effect and Valence;216
19.5.2;11.5.2 Emotional Type Effect Explained by the “Functional Model”;217
19.5.3;11.5.3 Recent Empirical Evidences: Frequency Band Analysis and BIS/BAS;218
19.6;References;220
20;Subject Index;225