Barrass Ship Design and Performance for Masters and Mates

1. Auflage 2004
ISBN: 978-0-08-045494-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 264 Seiten, Web PDF

Ship Design and Performance for Masters and Mates is a quick to use, comprehensive reference that brings the key information needed to understand ship design and performance at your fingertips. The book covers all key aspects of ship design and performance, supplemented by exam revision one-liners. It does not assume detailed theoretical knowledge, but rather builds up the reader's understanding of how the elements of ship design influence and impact on its performance, and how the engineer, crew and operators can maximise the performance of their vessel in operation. Written by an experienced marine engineering consultant, author and lecturer, this book presents key facts and formulas, backed up throughout by relevant theory, illustrations and photographs. It includes examples of modern ship-types and their general particulars and covers topics ranging from design and power coefficients to types of ship resistance; types of ship speed; types of power on ships; designing a ship's propeller; details of maximum ship squats; the phenomena of interaction of ships in confined waters; mechanisms for improving ship handling; and improvements in power output. This book is an essential introduction and reference for students and those newly at sea, as well as for anyone involved with ship design, marine engineering, naval architecture, and the day-to-day operation of ships in port.* Accessible information on understanding and improving ship performance at your fingertips
* Ideal for marine engineering students and those studying for certificates of competency
* Covers all key aspects of ship design and performance, with exam revision one-liners

Dr Bryan Barrass worked as a Ship Draughtsman for 11 years at Swan Hunters Shipyard in Wallsend. In 1963, he then became a Lecturer in Naval Architecture in Sunderland. From 1967 to 1993, he worked at Liverpool John Moores University, lecturing to Maritime Degree students, Masters, Mates, and Marine Engineers. In 1993 he retired from full-time work. He became a visiting Lecturer and has written seven books involving Ship Stability, Ship Design & Ship Performance and Ship Squat & Interaction. His interest in Ship Squat began in April 1972, starting on research for his Ph.D. degree. He has worked with many national & international Port Authorities. They include the PLA, Milford Haven PA, Liverpool PA, Humberside PA, Tyne PA, Truro PA, Newhaven PA, Bordeaux PA, Klaipeda PA, Nantes PA and Hamburg PA. Dr Barrass has supplied Ship Squat and Interaction information to 22 countries worldwide. He has lectured at a great number of UK Universities and has advised many Ship-owners on the above listed Specialist topics.

Zielgruppe

Academic/professional/technical: Undergraduate. Academic/professional/technical: Postgraduate. Academic/professional/technical: Research and professional

Autoren/Hrsg.

Barrass, Bryan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Ship Design and Performance for Masters and Mates;4
3;Contents;6
4;Acknowledgements;10
5;Introduction;12
6;Part 1 Ship Design;14
6.1;1 Preliminary estimates for new ships: Main Dimensions;16
6.1.1;Estimations of the length for a new design;18
6.1.1.1;Method 1: Cube root format;18
6.1.1.2;Method 2: The geosim procedure;20
6.1.1.3;Method 3: Graphical intersection procedure;21
6.1.1.3.1;Selection of LBP values for graphs;24
6.1.1.4;Depth Mld (D) for the new design;27
6.1.1.5;Freeboard (f) on Oil Tankers;27
6.1.1.6;Optimisation of the Main Dimensions and C[sub(B)];28
6.1.1.6.1;Increase of L;28
6.1.1.6.2;Increase in B;28
6.1.1.6.3;Increases in Depth Mld and Draft Mld;28
6.1.1.6.4;Increase in C[sub(B)];28
6.2;2 Preliminary estimates for group weights for a new ship;30
6.2.1;Section 1;30
6.2.1.1;Estimation of steel weight for a new ship;30
6.2.1.1.1;Consideration of steel weight estimations;30
6.2.1.1.2;Methods for estimating steel weight in ships;31
6.2.1.1.2.1;Cubic Number method;31
6.2.1.1.2.2;Weight per metre run method;32
6.2.1.1.2.3;The ‘slog-slog’ method;33
6.2.1.1.2.4;Method of differences;33
6.2.1.1.2.4.1;Modification for C[sub(B)];34
6.2.1.1.2.4.2;Scantling correction;35
6.2.1.1.2.4.3;Deck sheer correction;35
6.2.1.1.2.5;Computational techniques;36
6.2.1.1.3;Prefabrication techniques – a short note;37
6.2.2;Section 2;38
6.2.2.1;Wood and Outfit weight;38
6.2.2.1.1;Method 1: The coefficient procedure;38
6.2.2.1.2;Method 2: Proportional procedure;38
6.2.2.1.3;Non-ferrous metals;40
6.2.2.1.4;Use of plastics for Merchant ships;40
6.2.3;Section 3;41
6.2.3.1;Estimations of machinery weight;41
6.2.3.1.1;Method 1: The rate procedure;41
6.2.3.1.2;Method 2: Use of empirical formulae;43
6.3;3 Preliminary capacities for a new ship;47
6.3.1;Detailed estimation of the Grain Capacity;48
6.3.2;Cargo oil capacity for Oil Tankers;50
6.3.3;Capacity estimate for a Bulk Carrier;51
6.4;4 Approximate hydrostatic particulars;53
6.4.1;C[sub(B)] values;53
6.4.2;C[sub(W)] values;54
6.4.3;Displacements;56
6.4.4;KB or vertical centre of buoyancy values;56
6.4.5;BM[sub(T)] values;57
6.4.6;Transverse Metacentre (KM[sub(T)]);57
6.4.7;Waterplane area (WPA);58
6.4.8;Tonnes per centimetre immersion (TPC);58
6.4.9;Moment to change trim one centimetre (MCTC);58
6.4.10;BM[sub(L)] values;58
6.4.11;Longitudinal Metacentre values (KM[sub(L)]);60
6.4.12;Hydrostatic curves;60
6.4.13;Transverse Metacentric height (GM[sub(T)]);61
6.4.14;Some comparisons;61
6.4.15;Comparison between BM[sub(T)] and BM[sub(L)];63
6.4.16;KG or vertical centre of gravity values;63
6.4.17;Relationship between draft, W, C[sub(B)] and C[sub(W)];64
6.4.18;Longitudinal centre of buoyancy;65
6.4.19;Summary;65
6.5;5 Types of ship resistance;67
6.5.1;Frictional resistance;67
6.5.2;Froude’s speed–length law;69
6.5.3;Froude number;69
6.5.4;Relationship between Froude’s speed–length law and Froude’s Number;69
6.5.5;Residual resistance;70
6.5.6;Total resistance;70
6.5.7;Wind and appendage allowances;71
6.5.8;To find speed of the ship;72
6.5.9;To find the wetted service area of the ship;73
6.5.10;Naked effective power;73
6.5.11;Procedure steps for solving ship resistance and P[sub(NE)] problems;73
6.5.12;Three more important geosim relationships;74
6.6;6 Types of ship speed;76
6.7;7 Types of power in ships;81
6.8;8 Power coefficients on ships;87
6.8.1;Quasi Propulsive Coefficient;87
6.8.2;Propulsive Coefficient;88
6.8.3;Admiralty Coefficient;88
6.8.3.1;An approximation for Admiralty Coefficient;89
6.9;9 Preliminary design methods for a ship's propeller and rudder;95
6.9.1;Propeller design;95
6.9.1.1;Summary remarks;99
6.9.2;Rudder design;100
6.9.2.1;Size of the steering gear machinery for turning the rudder;102
7;Nomenclature for ship design and performance;104
8;Part 2 Ship Performance;114
8.1;10 Modern Merchant Ships;116
8.1.1;Oil Tankers;116
8.1.2;Product/Chemical Carriers;117
8.1.3;OBOs and Ore Carriers;117
8.1.4;Bulk Carriers;117
8.1.5;General Cargo ships;118
8.1.6;Gas Carriers;118
8.1.7;Passenger Liners;118
8.1.8;Container ships;119
8.1.9;RO-RO vessels and ferries;119
8.1.10;Tugs;120
8.1.11;Hydrofoils/Hovercraft;121
8.1.12;SWATH designs;121
8.2;11 Ships of this Millennium;122
8.2.1;Standard ships;127
8.3;12 Ship Trials: a typical 'Diary of Events';129
8.3.1;Pro-forma details;130
8.3.2;Completion of vessel construction programme;130
8.3.3;Dry-docking of vessel;131
8.3.4;Undock to basin;131
8.3.5;Ship Trial programme;131
8.3.5.1;Day 1;131
8.3.5.2;Day 2;132
8.3.5.3;Day 3;132
8.3.6;Certificate of Registry and the Carving Note;132
8.4;13 Ship Trials: speed performance on the measured mile;133
8.4.1;Precautions;133
8.4.2;Data measured;135
8.4.3;Estimation of a Ship’s Trial speed;136
8.4.3.1;Method 1;136
8.4.3.2;Method 2;137
8.4.4;Progressive Speed Trials;140
8.5;14 Ship Trials: endurance and fuel consumption;145
8.5.1;Engine settings during Ship Trials;145
8.5.2;Fuel consumption values;146
8.5.2.1;Method 1;146
8.5.2.2;Method 2;146
8.5.3;Conclusions;148
8.6;15 Ship Trials: manoeuvring trials and stopping characteristics;150
8.6.1;Spiral manoeuvre;150
8.6.2;Zig-zag manoeuvre;150
8.6.3;Turning circle diameter trials;152
8.6.4;Crash-stop manoeuvres;153
8.7;16 Ship Trials: residual trials;157
8.7.1;Anchor/cable/windlass trials (as per Lloyds Rules);157
8.7.1.1;Anchor lowering and hoisting tests;157
8.7.1.2;Windlass design and testing;157
8.7.2;Astern trials;158
8.7.3;Rudder helm trials;158
8.7.4;Transverse-thruster propulsion unit trials;158
8.7.5;‘Hand-roll’ test for hydraulic-fin stabilisers;159
8.7.6;Bollard pull trials;159
8.7.7;Navigation instrumentation checks;160
8.7.8;Communications equipment testing;160
8.7.9;Tank integrity tests;160
8.7.10;Main and auxiliary power checks;160
8.7.11;Lifeboat and release chutes release tests;160
8.7.12;Accommodation checklists;160
8.8;17 Ship squat in open water and in confined channels;161
8.8.1;What exactly is ship squat?;161
8.8.2;Why has ship squat become so important in the last 40 years?;162
8.8.3;Recent ship groundings;163
8.8.4;Department of Transport ‘M’ notices;163
8.8.5;What are the factors governing ship squat?;164
8.8.6;Squat formulae;164
8.8.7;Ship squat for ships with static trim;171
8.8.8;Squats at both ends of a vessel in open water;172
8.8.9;Procedures for reducing ship squat;174
8.8.10;False drafts;175
8.8.11;Summary;175
8.9;18 Reduced ship speed and decreased propeller revolutions in shallow waters;177
8.9.1;Width of influence;177
8.9.2;Depth of influence;178
8.9.3;Loss of speed and decrease in propeller revolutions for ships in shallow water;186
8.9.3.1;H/T considerations;186
8.9.3.2;Blockage factor considerations;187
8.9.4;Conclusions;191
8.10;19 The phenomena of Interaction of ships in confined waters;193
8.10.1;What exactly is Interaction?;193
8.10.2;Ship to ground (squat) Interaction;194
8.10.3;Ship to ship Interaction;198
8.10.3.1;Methods for reducing the effects of Interaction in Cases 1–7;200
8.10.4;Ship to shore Interaction;200
8.10.5;Summary;203
8.11;20 Ship vibration;204
8.11.1;Causes of vibration;208
8.11.2;Reduction of vibration on ships already built;208
8.11.3;Which propeller to fit?;210
8.11.4;Ship vibration frequency calculations;212
8.11.4.1;Some vibration approximations;213
8.11.4.2;Conclusions for Worked example 20.2;213
8.12;21 Performance enhancement in ship-handling mechanisms;215
8.12.1;Ship-handling mechanisms;215
8.12.1.1;Becker twisted rudder;215
8.12.1.2;Schilling rudders;215
8.12.1.3;Schilling VecTwin rudders;215
8.12.1.4;Activated stabilising tanks;216
8.12.1.5;Tee-duct in Fore Peak Tank;217
8.12.1.6;Brake flaps;217
8.12.1.7;Submerged parachutes;218
8.12.1.8;Stern fins;218
8.12.1.9;Hinged tail flap in rudder;219
8.12.1.10;Kort nozzle;221
8.12.1.11;Kort rudder;221
8.12.1.12;Bulbous bows;223
8.12.1.13;Rotating cylinder rudders;223
8.12.1.14;Hydraulic fin stabilisers;224
8.12.1.15;Twin-hull ships;225
8.12.1.16;Double-skin hulls;225
8.12.1.17;John Crane Lips rudders;225
8.12.1.18;Rudder fins;226
8.12.1.19;Stern tunnel;227
8.12.1.20;Activated rudder;228
8.12.1.21;Pleuger rudder;229
8.12.1.22;Hull form of ship;229
8.12.1.23;Engine type;229
8.12.1.24;Hull surface polymer paints;229
8.12.1.25;Planned maintenance;229
8.12.1.26;Asymmetrical stern;229
8.12.1.27;Retrofits;230
8.13;22 Improvements in propeller performance;231
8.13.1;Voith-Schneider Propulsion unit;231
8.13.2;Transverse thrusters;233
8.13.3;Schottel thrusters;233
8.13.4;Grim vane wheel;234
8.13.5;Groningen Propeller Technology propeller;234
8.13.6;Propeller Boss Cap Fins;236
8.13.7;Voith cycloidal rudder;237
8.13.8;Pods;238
8.13.9;Steerpropulsion contra-rotating propellers;240
8.13.10;Conclusions;240
9;Useful design and performance formulae;241
9.1;Preliminary estimates for dimensions;241
9.2;Estimates for steel weight;241
9.3;Estimates for wood and outfit weight;241
9.4;Estimates for machinery weight;242
9.5;Estimates for capacities;242
9.6;Approximate hydrostatics;242
9.7;Ship resistance;243
9.8;Types of ship speed;244
9.9;Types of power;244
9.10;Power coefficients;244
9.11;Propeller and rudder design;245
9.12;Bollard pulls;245
9.13;Speed Trials;245
9.14;Fuel consumption trials;245
9.15;Crash-stop manoeuvres;246
9.16;Ship squat;246
9.17;Reduced speed and loss of revolutions;246
9.18;Interaction;246
9.19;Ship vibration;247
10;Revision one-liners for student's examination preparation;248
11;How to pass examinations in Maritime Studies;252
11.1;Before your examination;252
11.2;In your examination;253
12;References;254
13;Answers to questions;256
14;Index;260
14.1;A;260
14.2;B;260
14.3;C;260
14.4;D;261
14.5;E;261
14.6;F;261
14.7;G;261
14.8;H;262
14.9;I;262
14.10;J;262
14.11;K;262
14.12;L;262
14.13;M;262
14.14;N;262
14.15;O;262
14.16;P;263
14.17;Q;263
14.18;R;263
14.19;S;263
14.20;T;264
14.21;V;265
14.22;W;265
14.23;Z;265