Bench-Capon Knowledge-Based Systems and Legal Applications

1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9534-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 36, 264 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: APIC

This book compiles the experience of the largest project in knowledge-based systems and the law yet undertaken. It provides an in-depth introduction to representation of law in computer programs, as well as more advanced discussion and description of large knowledge-based systems building, legal representation, cooperative work, and interface design in the context of the project. - Describes the world's largest KBS and law project - Contains an authoritative survey of approaches to legal knowledge representation - Outlines several prototype systems - Discusses the integration of KBS and law issues with HCI and social implications

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bench-Capon, T. J. M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Knowledge-Based Systems and Legal Applications;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contens;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION;12
7;PART I: CONTEXT;16
7.1;CHAPTER 1. THE REPRESENTATION OF LAW IN COMPUTER PROGRAMS;18
7.1.1;1.1. INTRODUCTION;18
7.1.2;1.2. SCOPE OF THE SURVEY;20
7.1.3;1.3. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW;22
7.1.4;1.4. POSSIBLE CLASSIFICATIONS AND ISSUES ARISING;24
7.1.5;1.5. MODELS OF LEGAL EXPERTISE;29
7.1.6;1.6. ALGORITHMIC REPRESENTATIONS OF LAW;35
7.1.7;1.7. Algorithmic programs;35
7.1.8;1.8. EXPLICIT REPRESENTATIONS OF LAW;42
7.1.9;1.9. LEGOL AND NORMA;48
7.1.10;1.10. REPRESENTING LAW AS LOGIC PROGRAMS;50
7.1.11;1.11. THE DRAFTING OF LEGISLATION;58
7.1.12;1.12. TAXMAN I;60
7.1.13;1.13. CONCEPTUAL MODELS AND DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL;64
7.1.14;1.14. SYSTEMS THAT COMBINE STATUTES AND CASE LAW;68
7.1.15;1.15. Meldman;69
7.1.16;1.16. TAXMAN II AND LANGUAGE FOR LEGAL DISCOURSE;75
7.1.17;1.17. CASE-BASED REASONING;79
7.2;CHAPTER 2. THE OPPORTUNITIES OF THE DHSS DEMONSTRATOR PROJECT;84
7.2.1;2.1. THE ALVEY DHSS DEMONSTRATOR PROJECT;84
7.2.2;22. A CONCERTED APPROACH TO A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS;86
7.2.3;23. BREADTH OF REMIT;87
7.2.4;2.4. CLOSENESS OF THE CUSTOMER ORGANIZATION;87
7.2.5;2.5. SIZE OF THE APPLICATIONS;88
7.2.6;2.6. SUMMARY;88
8;PART II: TASKS;90
8.1;CHAPTER 3. A SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT FOR ADJUDICATORS;92
8.1.1;3.1. ADJUDICATION, ADJUDICATORS AND SOCIAL SECURITY;93
8.1.2;3.2. AIMS OF AN ADJUDICATION SUPPORT SYSTEM;95
8.1.3;3.3. SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS;97
8.1.4;3.4. OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS AND CONCLUSIONS;106
8.2;CHAPTER 4. SUPPORT FOR THE FORMULATION OF LEGISLATION;110
8.2.1;4.1. INTRODUCTION;110
8.2.2;4.2. POLICY MAKERS AND WHAT THEY DO;112
8.2.3;4.3. POSSIBILITIES FOR KBS SUPPORT;121
8.2.4;4.4. Issue Explanation;122
8.2.5;4.5. NATURE OF KBS TO PROVIDE THIS SUPPORT;125
8.2.6;4.6. PROBLEMS;127
8.3;CHAPTER 5. SUPPORT FOR MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC;130
8.3.1;5.1. KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS FOR CUSTOMERS;130
8.3.2;5.2. KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS FOR SOCIAL SECURITY CLAIMANTS;132
8.3.3;5.3. THE FORMS HELPER;134
8.3.4;5.4. THE ADVICE SYSTEM;139
8.3.5;5.5. CONCLUSIONS;142
8.3.6;5.6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;143
8.4;CHAPTER 6. USING A COMMON KNOWLEDGE BASE IN SEVERAL APPLICATIONS;144
8.4.1;6.1. INTRODUCTION;144
8.4.2;6.2. An example;144
8.4.3;Conclusions;150
9;PART III: PROTOTYPES;152
9.1;CHAPTER 7. THE LOCAL OFFICE SYSTEM;154
9.1.1;7.1. INTRODUCTION;154
9.1.2;7.2. EARLY OBJECTIVES;155
9.1.3;7.3. INITIAL AREAS OF INVESTIGATION;156
9.1.4;7.4. THE LOCAL OFFICE APPLICATION;158
9.1.5;7.5. SETTING THE SCOPE OF PROTOTYPES;159
9.1.6;7.6. LOCAL OFFICE DEMONSTRATOR 1 (LOD1);160
9.1.7;7.7. LOCAL OFFICE DEMONSTRATOR 2 (LOD2);163
9.1.8;7.8. LOCAL OFFICE DEMONSTRATOR 3 (LOD3);166
9.1.9;7.9. THE REQUIREMENTS AS FINALLY SEEN FOR LOD3;167
9.1.10;7.10. THE DESIGN OF LOD3;168
9.1.11;7.11. EVALUATION OF LOD3;172
9.1.12;7.12. CONCLUSION;177
9.1.13;7.13. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;178
9.2;CHAPTER 8. THE POLICY SYSTEM;180
9.2.1;8.1. INTRODUCTION;180
9.2.2;8.2. THE HISTORY OF THE POLICY APPLICATION;182
9.2.3;8.3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROTOTYPES;184
9.2.4;8.4. METHODS;186
9.2.5;8.5. ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS;190
9.2.6;8.6. THE FUTURE FOR DSS POLICY FORMULATION SUPPORT;193
9.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;197
9.3;CHAPTER 9. THE CLAIMANT ADVICE SYSTEMS;198
9.3.1;9.1. COMMON THEMES;199
9.3.2;9.2. THE CLAIMANT INFORMATION SYSTEMS TEAM;201
9.3.3;9.3. THE FORMS HELPER;201
9.3.4;9.4. THE ADVICE SYSTEM;204
9.3.5;9.5. OTHER EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS;212
9.4;CHAPTER 10. MANAGING A LARGE COLLABORATIVE PROJECT;214
9.4.1;10.1. ORGANIZATION;214
9.4.2;10.2. CULTURE;216
9.4.3;10.3. DESIGN CONTROL;217
9.4.4;10.4. COMMUNICATION;218
9.4.5;10.5. THE PROJECT DOCUMENTATION (PD) SYSTEM;220
9.4.6;10.6. PLANNING;220
9.4.7;10.7. TRAINING;221
9.4.8;10.8. DEMONSTRATIONS;221
9.4.9;10.9. EXTERNAL;222
9.4.10;10.10. LESSONS;223
10;PART IV. ISSUES;224
10.1;CHAPTER 11. ANALYSING TEXTS FOR KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS;228
10.1.1;11.1 TARGETING;229
10.1.2;11.2. THE DOMAIN;234
10.1.3;11.3. REPRESENTATION AND INFERENCING;237
10.1.4;11.4. KNOWLEDGE ANALYSIS AND KB DESIGN;239
10.1.5;11.5. STRATEGIES ADOPTED IN DEVELOPING AND BUILDING KNOWLEDGE BASES;255
10.1.6;11.6. CONCLUSIONS;259
10.2;CHAPTER 12. KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION FOR LEGAL APPLICATIONS;260
10.2.1;12.1. INTRODUCTION;260
10.2.2;12.2. PHASES IN A LEGAL KBS AND CONSEQUENCES FOR KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION;261
10.2.3;12.3. ISOMORPHISM TO LEGISLATION;264
10.2.4;12.4. ADEQUACY OF EXISTING PARADIGMS;266
10.2.5;12.5. DEFINITIONS;267
10.2.6;12.6. USEFULNESS OF FRAMES;269
10.2.7;12.7. INCOMPLETE INFORMATION AND VAGUENESS;270
10.2.8;12.8. THE ALVEY-DHSS DEMONSTRATOR TOOLKIT;270
10.2.9;12.9. POSSIBLE FUTURE WORK;275
10.2.10;12.10. CONCLUSION;277
10.3;CHAPTER 13. MIXED INITIATIVE INTERACTION;280
10.3.1;13.1. INTRODUCTION;280
10.3.2;13.2. DIMENSIONS OF MIXED INITIATIVE INTERACTION;281
10.3.3;13.3. MIXED INITIATIVE INTERACTION WITH THE FORMS HELPER I;283
10.3.4;13.4. MIXED INITIATIVE INTERACTION WITH FORMS HELPER II;290
10.3.5;13.5. MIXED INITIATIVE INTERACTION WITH THE ADVICE SYSTEM;294
10.3.6;13.6. CONCLUSION;308
10.4;CHAPTER 14. GROUP DECISION MAKING;310
10.4.1;14.1. POLICY MAKING WITHIN THE DSS — THE NATURE;310
10.4.2;14.2. POLICY MAKING WITHIN THE DSS — THE NATURE;311
10.4.3;14.3. ISSUES IN GROUP WORKING;312
10.4.4;14.4. THE POTENTIAL FOR COMPUTER SUPPORT FOR;317
10.4.5;14.5. EVALUATING THE POLICY SYSTEM;321
10.4.6;14.6. CONCLUDING REMARKS;323
10.5;CHAPTER 15. ORGANIZATIONAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS;324
10.5.1;15.1. INTRODUCTION;324
10.5.2;15.2. STAGES;326
10.5.3;15.3. CONCLUSIONS;341
10.6;CHAPTER 16. KBS APPLIED TO LAW: A FRAMEWORK FOR DISCUSSION;344
10.6.1;16.1. INTRODUCTION;344
10.6.2;16.2. SICKNESS BENEFIT;345
10.6.3;16.3. CONCLUSION;357
11;BIBLIOGRAPHY;358
12;Index;380