Benyon Scarman and After

Essays Reflecting on Lord Scarman's Report, the Riots and Their Aftermath
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9060-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 306 Seiten, Web PDF

Scarman and After: Essays Reflecting on Lord Scarman's Report, the Riots and their Aftermath covers the proceedings of a conference on Lord Scarman's social and economic issues, held at the University of Leicester in April 1982, organized by the Continuing Education Unit of the University's Department of Adult Education. The Lord Scarman Report itemized and stressed particular issues that arose from the Brixton disorders. This text is organized into five parts encompassing 22 chapters. The first parts explore the political agenda of the Brixton riot and Lord Scarman's report, explanations, images and impact of riots. Another part is concerned with the issues in policy making related to the community, public, and accountability. These topics are followed by discussions of the issues of unemployment and racial disadvantages in cities. The last part contains a summary of the Report. This book will prove useful to historians, sociologists, and researchers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Benyon, John

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Science for Public Policy;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;6
6;Acknowledgements;7
7;Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview;10
7.1;A New Science?;12
7.2;Uncertainty and Ignorance;14
7.3;Policy Formation as Structured Negotiation;16
7.4;Setting the Policy Agenda;17
7.5;Conclusion;18
7.6;Reference;19
8;Chapter 2. Science and Government in the USA;20
8.1;The Transition;21
8.2;World War II;23
8.3;Operations Research;24
8.4;Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control;26
8.5;Maturing of Scientific Advice;28
8.6;Energy;30
8.7;The Environment;31
8.8;Final Remarks;32
8.9;References;33
9;Chapter 3. Science and Government: A European Perspective;36
9.1;Well Before the Twentieth Century;37
9.2;A Different Tradition of Interventionism;38
9.3;The American Model;40
9.4;From the American Model to the Japanese Model;43
9.5;References;45
10;Chapter 4. The Netherlands' Scientific Council for Government Policy;46
10.1;Main Characteristics;46
10.2;Responsibilities of the Council;48
10.3;The Place of the Council;49
10.4;The Composition of the Council;50
10.5;The Bureau;51
10.6;The Budget;51
10.7;Working Methods;52
10.8;Reports;53
10.9;External Contacts of the Council;58
11;Chapter 5. Long-term Forecasting for Science and Policy: Experiences in Poland;60
11.1;The Aims of Forecasting;60
11.2;The Problem of Time Scale;62
11.3;Long-Term Planning Methods;63
11.4;Politicians and Scientists—Cooperation Mechanisms;65
11.5;Long-term Science Policy: Polish Experiences;66
11.6;Social Implications of Scientific Policy;67
11.7;Reference;68
12;Chapter 6. A New Branch of Science, Inc.;70
12.1;The Separation of Science from Public Policy;70
12.2;How Rational is the Policy Process?;72
12.3;Science Contested: Science for Whom?;74
12.4;Between Orthodoxy and Reformism;77
12.5;The Rise of the Managerial Conception of Science for Public Policy;79
12.6;Commentary: Hans Landberg;81
12.7;References;84
13;Chapter 7. Uncertainty, Ignorance and Policy;86
13.1;Introduction;86
13.2;Our Present Dilemmas;88
13.3;The Problem;89
13.4;Ignorance in Technological Development;91
13.5;Towards a New Understanding of Scientific Knowledge;93
13.6;Coping with Uncertainty and Ignorance;95
13.7;Commentary: Ronald Brickman;98
13.8;References;102
14;Chapter 8. Uncertainty—Technical and Social;104
14.1;A New Concept of Science?;105
14.2;Implicit and Explicit Languages;107
14.3;Technical and Social Uncertainties;110
14.4;Social Interpretations of Necessary Uncertainty;113
14.5;Decision Rules—Formalism versus Informalism;115
14.6;Carcinogenicity Decision Rules;117
14.7;Conclusions;119
14.8;References;120
15;Chapter 9. Science and Socialist Society;124
15.1;Social Assessment of Scientific Products: Some Experiences in Czechoslovakia;126
15.2;Science and the Public: Conception of their Mutual Relation*;128
16;Chapter 10. Lay Participation in Decision-making Involving Science and Technology;136
16.1;The United States;136
16.2;The Soviet Union;142
16.3;The Differences;145
16.4;References;149
17;Chapter 11. The Role of International Research Institutions;154
17.1;Introduction;154
17.2;Distributional Consequences of the Application of Knowledge;155
17.3;Local vs. Global Problems;155
17.4;Knowledge and Power;159
17.5;Global Problems;160
17.6;The Virtues of Hypocrisy;161
17.7;Constraints at the Interface Between Science and Politics;161
17.8;Global vs. National Stewardship of Resources;163
17.9;Commentary;164
17.10;Commentary: Giandomenico Majone;166
17.11;Some Preliminary Distinctions;167
17.12;Mature Sciences as a Special Case;168
17.13;Cosmopolitans and Locals in Science;169
17.14;The Professionalization of Regulatory Science;170
17.15;References;171
18;Chapter 12. A History of the Acid Rain Issue;172
18.1;The European Experience;173
18.2;The Problem Reaches North America;179
18.3;The ECE Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution;186
18.4;The European Economic Community;191
18.5;The 1982 Stockholm Conference;194
18.6;The First Session of the ECE Convention Executive Body;196
18.7;Growing Damages and Changing National Policies;197
18.8;Development of the Issue: Lessons for Future Problems;200
18.9;References;202
19;Chapter 13. The CO2 Challenge;206
19.1;The Setting;206
19.2;The Case of Acid Rain;209
19.3;The Carbon Dioxide Question;212
19.4;The Policy Dilemma;217
19.5;Timing and Nature of the Policy Response;220
19.6;References;223
20;Chapter 14. The Diversion of Water Resources into the Caspian Sea Basin;224
20.1;History of the Problem;224
20.2;Engineering Solutions;225
20.3;Research Problems and Methods;228
20.4;River Diversion and Climate;229
20.5;Environmental Changes in the Region of River Flow Diversion;231
20.6;Environmental Changes in Southern Regions;234
20.7;Decision Making Procedures;235
20.8;Conclusions;237
21;Chapter 15. Reports of Forum Panels;240
21.1;Report of Panel 1;240
21.1.1;Scientific Advice;242
21.1.2;Uncertainty;245
21.1.3;Institutionalization of Policy for Science;245
21.2;Report of Panel 2;247
21.3;Report of Panel 3;252
21.3.1;Events, Actors, and Agendas;253
21.3.2;Structural Conditions;256
22;Appendix:;258
22.1;1. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Readings in English;258
22.1.1;Scientific Advice for Policy Making;258
22.1.2;Scientific Conflict and Consensus;266
22.1.3;Dealing with Scientific Uncertainty;272
22.1.4;Managing Global Problems and the Role of Scientific Institutions;276
22.1.5;Case Studies;279
22.1.6;Books on Science for Public Policy;280
22.2;2. An Annotated Bibliography of East European Literature;282
22.2.1;Articles;282
22.2.2;Books;285
22.3;3. List of Participants;288
23;Index;292