Berg Circumpolar Problems

Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5627-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 202 Seiten, Web PDF

Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic contains papers presented at the Symposium on Circumpolar Problems, organized by the Nordic Council for Anthropological Research and held on September 14-21, 1969 in Lulea, Sweden and Tromso, Norway. Organized into 22 chapters, this book begins with some comparisons between Greenlanders and Lapps regarding their relationship to the inclusive society. Subsequent chapters discuss the urbanization, industrialization, and changes in the family in Greenland during the reform period since 1950; ''conservation'' and ''destruction'' of traditional culture; and socio-economical transformation and modern ethnical development of the inhabitants of the Siberian polar zones of the north-eastern regions. Other chapters explain the migrations from nomad to urban districts in Northern Sweden; division of the Lapps into tradition areas; variations of settlement pattern and hunting conditions in three districts of Greenland; cultural concept in the Arctic Stone Age; and transition from hunting to nomadic economy in Finnmark.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Berg, Gösta

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover ;1
2;Circumpolar Problems: Habitat, Economy, and Social Relations in the Arctic ;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;Chapter 1. GREENLANDERS AND LAPPS:SOME COMPARISONS OF THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE INCLUSIVE SOCIETY
;10
7;Chapter 2. A PROGRAMME FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF PREHISTORIC AND HISTORICAL MATERIAL FROM NORTHERN SWEDEN
;18
7.1;I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND ORGANIZATION;18
7.2;INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CENTRAL OFFICE OF NATIONAL ANTIQUITIES IN NORTHERN SWEDEN
;18
7.3;THE RESEARCH PROJECT, "NORRLANDS TIDIGA BEBYGGELSE;20
7.4;PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED WITHIN NORTH SWEDISH IRON AGE RESEARCH
;21
7.5;REFERENCES;23
8;Chapter 3. A PROGRAMME FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF PREHISTORIC AND HISTORICAL MATERIAL FROM NORTHERN SWEDEN
;24
8.1;II. THE CULTURAL CONCEPT IN THE NORTH SWEDISH STONE AGE
;24
8.2;METHODOLOGY;24
8.3;RESULTS;26
8.4;DISCUSSION;27
8.5;REFERENCES;29
9;Chapter 4. URBANIZATION, INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CHANGES IN THE FAMILY IN GREENLAND DURING THE REFORM PERIOD SINCE 1950
;30
9.1;ADMINISTRATION OF SOCIAL CHANGE;30
9.2;REFERENCES;37
10;Chapter 5. SHEEP REARING IN SOUTH GREENLAND:AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION
;38
10.1;INTRODUCTION;38
10.2;THE PLACE OF SHEEP REARING;38
10.3;THE PROCESS OF ADAPTATION ON THE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL;40
10.4;THE SHEEP-REARING COMMUNITY AND THE LARGER SOCIETY;43
10.5;AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE PRESENT WORKING ORGANIZATION OF THE SHEEP-REARING INDUSTRY:ITS ADVANTAGES AND LOCAL CONDITIONS
;44
10.6;REFERENCES;46
11;Chapter 6. "CONSERVATION" AND "DESTRUCTION"OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE;48
12;Chapter 7. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY AND CULTURAL VIABILITY AMONG THE CANADIAN CREE: A STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE
;54
12.1;INTRODUCTION;54
12.2;HISTORICAL ROOTS OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT;54
12.3;CHANGING FORMS OF ADAPTATION;56
12.4;STRATEGIES OF CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT POLICY;59
12.5;BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MAJOR AND SUMMARY REPORTS:CREE DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE PROJECT;60
13;Chapter 8. SOCIO-ECONOMICAL TRANSFORMATION AND MODERN ETHNICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE SIBERIAN POLAR ZONES OF THE NORTH-EASTERN REGIONS
;62
13.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;69
14;Chapter 9. INTEGRATION OF CANADIAN ESKIMO, INDIANS, AND OTHER PERSONS OF NATIVE ANCESTRY IN MODERN ECONOMIC AND PUBLIC LIFE:EVIDENCE FROM INUVIK(1)
;70
14.1;REFERENCES;81
15;Chapter 10. FORMS OF NENETS TRADITIONAL CULTURES;82
16;Chapter 11. THE VALUATION OF WELFARE IN DISPERSED SETTLEMENTS BY THE CENTRAL ORGANIZATIONS AND BY THE RECIPIENTS
;86
17;Chapter 12. THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT SAAMS;90
18;Chapter 13. THE MIGRATIONS FROM NOMAD TO URBAN DISTRICTS IN NORTHERN SWEDEN
;94
18.1;EARLIER MIGRATIONS;95
18.2;LATER MIGRATIONS;95
18.3;GOALS FOR MIGRATION;102
18.4;OCCUPATIONS OF LAPPS WHO MIGRATED;106
18.5;TALMA NOMAD DISTRICT 1958–68
;107
18.6;DEMOGRAPHIC CONSEQUENCES OF THE MIGRATION;108
18.7;NEW TENDENCIES;109
18.8;REFERENCES;110
19;Chapter 14. THE CURRENT NATIVISTIC MOVEMENT IN ALASKA
;112
19.1;HISTORY OF ORGANIZATION;113
19.2;THE ROLE OF THE TUNDRA TIMES;126
19.3;FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO THE NATIVE ASSOCIATION MOVEMENT;127
19.4;CONTEXT AND ELEMENTS OF A NATIVISTIC MOVEMENT;128
19.5;ADDENDUM;131
19.6;REFERENCES;131
20;Chapter 15. THE TAREORMIUT AND THE NUNAMIUT OF NORTHERN ALASKA: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THEIR ECONOMY, SETTLEMENT PATTERN AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE
;132
20.1;REFERENCES;139
21;Chapter 16. THE SNOWMOBILE IN LAPLAND—ITS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS
;140
21.1;THE SNOWMOBILE IN FINNISH LAPLAND;141
21.2;ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE SNOWMOBILE;142
21.3;SOCIAL EFFECTS OF THE SNOWMOBILE;145
21.4;REFERENCES;147
22;Chapter 17. THE DIVISION OF THE LAPPS INTO CULTURAL AREAS
;148
22.1;1. THE HISTORICAL ERROR IN INTERNATIONAL LAPPOLOGY
;148
22.2;2. THE LINGUISTIC AND ETHNIC DIVISIONS OF THE LAPPISH AREA
;149
22.3;3. THE TRADITION-TOPOGRAPHICAL DIVISION OF THE LAPPS;152
22.4;4. THE ISOGLOSS METHOD AND CORPUS ANALYSIS;158
22.5;5. THE TRADITIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL PICTURE OF THE LAPPISH DEAD-CHILD MATERIAL
;159
22.6;6. FROM HYPOTHESIS TO SYNTHESIS;163
22.7;REFERENCES;164
23;Chapter 18. ON THE VARIATIONS OF SETTLEMENT PATTERN AND HUNTING CONDITIONS IN THREE DISTRICTS OF GREENLAND
;166
23.1;LISTS OF POPULATION AND SETTLEMENTS;166
23.2;HUNTING LISTS;166
23.3;THE UPERNAVIK DISTRICT;167
23.4;WHO MOVED?;168
23.5;CHANGE OF HOUSEHOLD SIZE;168
23.6;GREAT MOBILITY;168
23.7;ON THE MINIMAL SIZE OF ISOLATED COMMUNITIES;169
23.8;THE DIVERGENT FORCES;169
23.9;PATTERNS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE OF THE NORTHERN UPERNAVIK DISTRICT
;169
23.10;EAST GREENLAND: DIFFICULTIES IN COMMUNICATION;170
23.11;THE JULIANEHÅB DISTRICT: STRONGLY FLUCTUATING CONDITIONS
;170
23.12;CHANGES IN THE COMMUNITY FORM CAUSED BY THE ECONOMIC LIFE
;171
23.13;THE ORIGINS OF THE COMMON-HOUSE;171
23.14;IMPROVED KAYAK TECHNIQUE;172
23.15;THE DIFFUSION SEEN FROM AN ECOLOGICAL VIEWPOINT;172
23.16;WHALING AS AN ECONOMIC FACTOR;172
23.17;WHALING AS A SOCIAL FACTOR;173
23.18;THE COMMON-HOUSE AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTOR;173
24;Chapter 19. THE CULTURAL CONCEPT IN THE ARCTIC STONE AGE
;176
24.1;INTRODUCTION;176
24.2;THE SEMI-NOMADISM;177
24.3;THE SUBNEOLITHIC CULTURAL CONCEPT;178
24.4;THE EPI-MESOLITHIC CULTURAL CONCEPT;180
24.5;CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENTS;180
24.6;CONCLUSION;182
24.7;REFERENCES;182
25;Chapter 20. HUNTING-GROUND AND SETTLEMENT ON THE PROBLEM OF TRANSPORT
;184
25.1;REFERENCES;187
26;Chapter 21. REINDEER LAPPS:ECOLOGY AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT;190
26.1;1. THE ALTEVATN CASE;194
26.2;2. THE NOKUTUS CASE;195
26.3;REFERENCES;196
27;Chapter 22. SOME TRENDS OF THE TRANSITION FROM HUNTING TO NOMADIC ECONOMY IN FINNMARK
;198
27.1;REFERENCES;206