Bhattacharya / Stubblefield Frontiers of Cord Blood Science

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-84800-167-1
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 400 Seiten

Cord blood is a significant source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for the treatment of blood and genetic disorders. Cord blood is also an alternative to embryos as a source of tissue for regenerative medicine. Cells from cord blood have been shown to transdifferentiate into nonhematopoietic cells, including those of the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, bone, and cartilage, in tissue culture and in animal systems. Recently it has been demonstrated that both cardiac and glial cell differentiation of cord blood donor cells occurred in recipients of unrelated donor cord blood transplantation as part of a treatment regime for Krabbe disease and Sanfilippo syndrome. These observations raise the possibility that cord blood may serve as a source of cells to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration in the future. CD34 stem cell-rich umbilical cord whole blood transfusion has the potential to have an immediate benefit of better tissue oxygenation with an additional delayed benefit of possible engraftment of umbilical cord stem cells.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bhattacharya, Niranjan

Stubblefield, Phillip

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Preface;7
3;Acknowledgments;10
4;Contents;11
5;Contributors;13
6;Introduction;16
6.1;References;26
7;Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell ( Basic Science);27
7.1;Placental and Pregnancy Stem Cells;28
7.1.1;Hematopoietic Stem Cells;28
7.1.2;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;28
7.1.3;Endothelial Progenitor Cells;30
7.1.4;Plasticity;30
7.1.5;Embryology of the Placenta/Amnion, Amniotic Fluid, and the Umbilical Cord;30
7.1.6;The Ontogeny of Stem Cells;33
7.1.7;Hematopoietic Stem Cells;34
7.1.8;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;35
7.1.9;Endothelial Progenitor Cells;36
7.1.10;Fetal Cells in Maternal Circulation;38
7.1.11;References;40
7.2;Cord Blood Stem Cells – The Basic Science;44
7.2.1;Transplantation Biology;45
7.2.2;Transplantation Immunology;45
7.2.3;Cord Blood Stem Cell Amplification;46
7.2.4;Cord Blood Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine;47
7.2.5;References;48
7.3;Stem Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood;51
7.3.1;Introduction;52
7.3.2;Hematopoietic Stem Cells;52
7.3.3;Endothelial Progenitor Cells;74
7.3.4;Mesenchymal Stem Cells;82
7.3.5;Other Stem Cells;96
7.3.6;Final Remarks;99
7.3.7;List of Abbreviations;100
7.3.8;References;101
7.4;Ex Vivo Expansion of Cord Blood;115
7.4.1;Cellular Content of CB;115
7.4.2;Ex Vivo Expanded Cells Provide Rapid Engraftment;116
7.4.3;Selection of CB Products for Ex Vivo Expansion;116
7.4.4;Availability of Clinical Grade Reagents;117
7.4.5;Clinical ExperienceWith Ex Vivo Expanded Cells;118
7.4.6;Ex Vivo Expansion of CB-MNC on MSC;118
7.4.7;Summary;119
7.4.8;Disclosure Statement;120
7.4.9;References;120
7.5;Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Applications in Cell and Gene Therapy;121
7.5.1;Introduction;121
7.5.2;Isolation and Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells;122
7.5.3;Phenotypic Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells;126
7.5.4;Differentiation Potential of MSCs;127
7.5.5;Therapeutic Applications of MSCs;129
7.5.6;References;137
7.6;Non-hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Derived From Human Umbilical Cord Blood;147
7.6.1;Introduction;147
7.6.2;Mesenchymal Stromal Cells;149
7.6.3;Endothelial Progenitor Cells;159
7.6.4;Embryonic Stem Cell-like Cells Derived from CB;164
7.6.5;Conclusion;166
7.6.6;References;166
8;Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation;182
8.1;Cord Blood Transplantation for Pediatric Non- Malignant Conditions;183
8.1.1;Introduction and Description of the Evolution of the Field;183
8.1.2;ReasonsWhy One Should Use Cord Blood in These Diseases;184
8.1.3;Potential Disadvantages of Using Cord Blood;188
8.1.4;Current Issues for Specific Diseases;189
8.1.5;How Do We Balance the Place of Cord Blood Against Other Sources of Stem Cells?;207
8.1.6;How Can We Improve?;207
8.1.7;Summary;208
8.1.8;References;209
8.2;Cord Blood Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies;217
8.2.1;Cord Blood Transplantation in Children with Acute Leukemia;217
8.2.2;Cord Blood Transplantation in Adults;222
8.2.3;New Strategies in Cord Blood Transplantation;225
8.2.4;Conclusion;228
8.2.5;References;229
8.3;Double Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Adults;231
8.3.1;Pre-Clinical Background;231
8.3.2;Cord Blood Unit Availability;232
8.3.3;Clinical Studies in Cord Blood Transplantation;233
8.3.4;Studies in Children – Unrelated Cord Blood Transplants;233
8.3.5;Studies in Adults – Single Cord Blood Transplants – Ablative Regimens;234
8.3.6;Adult Cord Blood Transplantation – Single Cord Blood – Reduced Intensity Regimen;236
8.3.7;Adult Cord Blood Transplantation – Double Cord Blood Transplantation – Myeloablative Regimen;237
8.3.8;Adult Double Cord Blood Transplantation – Reduced Intensity Regimen;238
8.3.9;Adult Cord Blood Transplantation – Chimerism Analysis;240
8.3.10;Combination Cord Blood and Bone Marrow Transplants;240
8.3.11;New Applications of Cord Blood Transplantation;241
8.3.12;Conclusion;242
8.3.13;References;242
9;Transfusion of Cord Blood;246
9.1;Placental Umbilical CordWhole Blood Transfusion: A True Blood Substitute to Combat Anemia in the Background of Chronic Disease – A Study Report ( 1999– 2006);247
9.1.1;Introduction;247
9.1.2;Other Blood Substitutes and Cord Blood;248
9.1.3;Pre-clinical and Clinical Studies on Cord Blood;251
9.1.4;Material and Methods;252
9.1.5;Disease, Age, and Sex Distribution of Patients;254
9.1.6;Cord Blood in the Treatment of Anemia in the Background of Malaria;255
9.1.7;Cord Blood in the Treatment of Anemia in the Background of Diabetes and Microalbuminurea;258
9.1.8;Cord Blood in the Treatment of Anemia in the Background of Tuberculosis and Emaciation;261
9.1.9;Cord Blood in the Treatment of Anemia in the Background of Advanced Rheumatoid Arthritis;264
9.1.10;Cord Blood in the Treatment of Anemia in the Background of Leprosy;267
9.1.11;Cord Blood in the Treatment of Anemia in the Background of HIV;269
9.1.12;Cord Blood in the Treatment of Anemia in the Background of Cancer;270
9.1.13;Spontaneous Transient Rise of CD34 Cells in Peripheral Blood after 72 h in Patients Suffering from Advanced Malignancy with Anemia: Effect and Prognostic Implications of Treatment with Placental Umbilical CordWhole Blood Transfusion;272
9.1.14;Cord Blood in the Treatment of Anemia in the Background of Thalassemia;274
9.1.15;Follow-up Study;276
9.1.16;Future Implications of the Work;276
9.1.17;References;277
9.2;Umbilical Cord Blood Therapy in Neurology;284
9.2.1;Introduction;284
9.2.2;Challenges Involving Stem Cell Replacement Therapy;284
9.2.3;Neurodegenerative Disorder as a Possible Systemic Disease;285
9.2.4;Scope of Umbilical Cord Blood Therapy in Neurology;286
9.2.5;Experiments of Umbilical Cord Blood in Brain Diseases;287
9.2.6;Future of Umbilical Cord Blood in Brain Diseases;288
9.2.7;Potential Risks of Therapy with Umbilical Cord Blood;289
9.2.8;Conclusion;290
9.2.9;References;290
9.3;Cord Blood: Opportunities and Challenges for the Reconstructive Surgeon;292
9.3.1;Structure and Function of Skin;293
9.3.2;Healing: Regeneration and Repair;294
9.3.3;Strategy of Skin Tissue Engineering;297
9.3.4;Stem Cells;300
9.3.5;References;304
9.4;Umbilical Cord Blood Transfusion – A Clinical Overview;307
9.4.1;Introduction;307
9.4.2;Characteristics of Umbilical Cord Blood;308
9.4.3;Indications for Cord Blood Transfusion;308
9.4.4;Umbilical Cord Blood Transfusion for Anemia;308
9.4.5;Elderly Patients;309
9.4.6;Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation;309
9.4.7;Improving Results of Cord Blood Transplantation in Adults;310
9.4.8;Collection and Storage of Umbilical Cord Blood in Health;310
9.4.9;Potential Hazards;311
9.4.10;Blood Banking Issues;311
9.4.11;Future Trends;312
9.4.12;References;312
10;Cord Blood Stem Cell Banking;314
10.1;Establishment of the UK Stem Cell Bank and Its Role in Stem Cell Science;315
10.1.1;Introduction;315
10.1.2;Aims and Remit for the UK Stem Cell Bank;316
10.1.3;Key Operational Principles for the UK Stem Cell Bank;316
10.1.4;Donating Cells to the Bank;317
10.1.5;What is a Cell Bank?;318
10.1.6;Principle of Cell Banking;318
10.1.7;Fundamental Criteria for Assurance of Quality of Cell Lines;319
10.1.8;Embryonic Stem Cells in vitro: Control and Standardizationfor Research and Therapy;319
10.1.9;Stem Cell Lines for Clinical Use: Three Translational Phases;320
10.1.10;Progress in Establishing the UK Stem Cell Bank;320
10.1.11;UK Stem Cell Bank/NIBSC Interactions with the Stem Cell Community;321
10.1.12;Conclusions;321
10.1.13;References;322
10.2;Cord Blood Allogeneic and Autologous Banking;323
10.2.1;Advantages and Disadvantages of HSC from UCB;323
10.2.2;Factors that Influence the Number of Progenitors in UCB;325
10.2.3;UCB Collection, Processing, and Quality Management;326
10.2.4;Controversies Between Public and Private UCB Banking;328
10.2.5;References;329
11;Potential Engineering Application of Cord Blood;332
11.1;Possibilities of Using Cord Blood for Improving the Biocompatibility of Implants;333
11.1.1;Introduction;333
11.1.2;Degenerative Diseases and the Current Treatment Methodology;334
11.1.3;Stem Cells – Cells with High Plasticity;336
11.1.4;Inductive Factors in Cell Proliferation and Differentiation – Biomimicry in Drug Delivery;336
11.1.5;Immune Reaction to the Implant – A Lesson from Fetal Survival;338
11.1.6;Conclusion;340
11.1.7;References;340
11.2;Potential of Stem Cell to Tailor the Bone- Ceramic Interface for Better Fixation of Orthopedic Implants;345
11.2.1;Scope of Bioceramics as Implant Materials;347
11.2.2;Bioinert Ceramics;348
11.2.3;Bioactive and Resorbable Ceramics;351
11.2.4;New-Age Innovation in Bioceramic Implants;360
11.2.5;Tissue Engineering;361
11.2.6;Conclusions;368
11.2.7;References;368
12;Ethics;372
12.1;Some Aspects of the Ethics of Stem Cell Research;373
12.1.1;Ethics;373
12.1.2;Stem-Cell Research;374
12.1.3;Modern Medical Ethics;374
12.1.4;General Principles of Medical Ethics;374
12.1.5;Stem-Cell Research;375
12.1.6;Epilogue;378
12.1.7;References;379
12.2;Index;380