Biswas-Diener Positive Psychology as Social Change

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-90-481-9938-9
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 359 Seiten

In recent times there has been growing interest in positive psychology as evidenced by the swell in positive psychology graduate programs, undergraduate courses, journals related to the topic, popular book titles on the topic and scholarly publications. Within the positive psychology community there has been an increased emphasis on the socially beneficial side of positive psychological science. At the First World Congress of the International Positive Psychology Association there was a major push to look at positive psychology as a social change mechanism. This volume will bring together thoughts of leaders in positive psychology from 8 countries to capitalize on the push toward social change and flourishing. By releasing this title at a critical time Springer has the opportunity to help frame the agenda for positive psychology as a force for social change. This seminal work is meant for anyone interested in happiness, strengths, flourishing or positive institutions It introduces Positive Psychology as an unapplied science that can be used to create positive social transformation and enabling institutions. This is a must-have title for academics, especially psychologists, sociologists, economists, and professionals working in the field of Positive Psychology and Well-Being.

Robert Biswas-Diener is widely known as the 'Indiana Jones of Positive Psychology' because his scientific pursuit of the emotional good life has led him to such far flung places as India, Greenland, Israel, Kenya, and Spain. He sits on the editorial boards of the Journal of Positive Psychology and the Journal of Happiness Studies. Robert is CAPP's Programme Director for Education and Learning. He is also part-time instructor of psychology at Portland State University (USA). Robert is the author of the books, Positive Psychology Coaching: Putting the science of happiness to work for your clients (Wiley, 2007), and Happiness: Unlocking the mysteries of psychological wealth (Blackwell, 2008).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Biswas-Diener, Robert

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Editor's Foreword;5
2;Contents;12
3;Contributors;14
4;1 What People Really Want in Life and Why It Matters: Contributions from Research on Folk Theories of the Good Life;16
4.1; Why Study Folk Theories of the Good Life?;17
4.2; Our Research Paradigm;18
4.3; What We Know: A Review of Research on Folk Theories of the Good Life;20
4.4; Alternative Approaches to Folk Theories of the Good Life;25
4.5; The Next Frontiers of Research on the Good Life;26
4.6; Conclusions;27
4.7;References;28
5;Part I Some Cautionary Thoughts;30
5.1;2 Think Before You Think;31
5.1.1; Thinking;32
5.1.2; Listening;32
5.1.3; Intervening;32
5.1.4; Issues of Primary Importance;33
5.1.5; Three Global Issues;34
5.1.6; Wicked Problems;35
5.1.7; Beer and Systems;36
5.1.8; Example 1: A Societal Feedback Loop – The Happy Planet Index;37
5.1.9; Example 2: Creating (Almost) Real-Time Feedback Loops for Organisational Change: Well-Being@Work;39
5.1.10; Example 3: A Prescriptive Heuristic That Is Actually Facilitative: Five Ways to Well-Being;42
5.1.11; Conclusions;45
5.1.12;References;45
5.2;3 Socially Responsible Cheermongery: On the Sociocultural Contexts and Levels of Social Happiness Policies;47
5.2.1; Cheermongers: Around the World from Birth to Death;47
5.2.1.1; The Joys of Childbirth: Midwifery and Murder in Bihar;48
5.2.1.2; Fun at School: Circle Time, Rape, and Deworming in Kenya;49
5.2.1.3; Dancing: Out and About in Australia;50
5.2.1.4; Love and Marriage: Stars, Contracts, and Love Pioneers in Kerala;51
5.2.1.5; Health Seeking, Peace Making, and Hate-Mongery in Africa;52
5.2.2; On the Ethnocentric Roots and Countercultural Ambitions of Positive Psychology;55
5.2.3; Towards Social Happiness Policies;58
5.2.4; Conclusions: Social Development as if Happiness Mattered;60
5.2.5;References;61
6;Part II Positive Psychology and Public Policy;64
6.1;4 Monitoring Psychosocial Prosperity for Social Change;65
6.1.1; Elements of Psychosocial Prosperity;67
6.1.1.1; Social Prosperity;67
6.1.1.2; Psychological Prosperity;69
6.1.1.3; Benefits of Psychosocial Prosperity;72
6.1.1.4; Global Psychosocial Prosperity;74
6.1.2; The Policy Role of Positive Psychology;76
6.1.2.1; Psychosocial Measures and Policy;76
6.1.2.2; Economics and Well-Being;77
6.1.3; Implementing the Vision;78
6.1.3.1; Timing for National Psychosocial Accounts;78
6.1.3.2; Implementation of National Psychosocial Accounts;78
6.1.4; Conclusions;79
6.1.5;References;80
6.2;5 Gross National Happiness: A Gift from Bhutan to the World;84
6.2.1; Gross National Happiness;85
6.2.2; The Pillars of GNH;87
6.2.2.1; Sustainable and Equitable Socioeconomic Development;87
6.2.2.2; Environmental Conservation;88
6.2.2.3; Promotion of Culture;88
6.2.2.4; Good Governance;88
6.2.3; Developing Indicators to Measure GNH;90
6.2.3.1; Health;91
6.2.3.2; Time Use;92
6.2.3.3; Environmental Quality;92
6.2.3.4; Psychological Well-Being;93
6.2.4; An Example of Applying GNH in Social Policy;94
6.2.5; Gross International Happiness?;95
6.2.6;References;97
6.3;6 Ecological Challenges, Materialistic Values, and Social Change;99
6.3.1; Self-Enhancing, Materialistic Values;100
6.3.2; A Strategy to Enhance Sustainability by Decreasing Materialistic Values;102
6.3.2.1; Addressing the Causes of Self-enhancing, Materialistic Values;102
6.3.2.2; Promoting an Alternative Set of Values;103
6.3.3; Four Applications of the Strategy for Social Change;106
6.3.3.1; Voluntary Simplicity;106
6.3.3.2; Time Affluence;109
6.3.3.3; Restrictions on Advertising;110
6.3.3.4; Changing the Economic System;112
6.3.4; Conclusion;115
6.3.5;References;115
6.4;7 Positive Psychology and Public Health;119
6.4.1; The Concept of Mental Health;120
6.4.2; Mental Health, Subjective Well-Being and Psychological Well-Being;120
6.4.3; Health Promotion;126
6.4.3.1; Crossing Point Between Prevention and Promotion;127
6.4.4; Positive Psychology;128
6.4.4.1; Measuring Mental Health;129
6.4.5; Mental Health Promotion and Positive Psychology for Social Change;130
6.4.6;References;131
7;Part III Positive Psychology and Poverty;133
7.1;8 Positive Psychology and Poverty;134
7.1.1; Positive Psychology Outcomes, Not Just for the Rich;136
7.1.2; The Emotional Quality of Life of the Poor;137
7.1.3; A Positive Psychology Agenda for Poverty;140
7.1.4; Microfinance as a Tool to Initiate Women's Empowerment;141
7.1.5; A Microfinance Case Study;143
7.1.6; Positive Psychology Interventions for Both Individuals and Groups;144
7.1.7; Recommendations and Conclusions;146
7.1.8;References;147
7.2;9 Strengthening Underprivileged Communities: Strengths-Based Approaches as a Force for Positive Social Change in Community Development;150
7.2.1; What Is the Evidence That Strengths Make a Difference?;151
7.2.2; Strengths-Based Approaches to Effect Social Change: The Practice of American Social Work;153
7.2.3; The Asset-Based Community Development Institute;154
7.2.3.1; A Case Study in the United States: The Mercado Central Minneapolis, Minnesota -- ABCD Institute;155
7.2.4; LASA Development;156
7.2.4.1; A Case Study in Nepal: Discover Dream Design and Delivery in Phakel -- LASA Development;156
7.2.5; The Strengths Project: Background, Establishment and Objectives;158
7.2.5.1; Initial Experiences of the Shiriti Kalabagan Slum Community;158
7.2.5.2; A Case Study in India: Strengthening the Shiriti Kalabagan Slum Community in Kolkata -- The Strengths Project;160
7.2.6; In Conclusion: Challenges and Possibilities for Strengths as a Means of Social Change;161
7.2.7; Appendix: Shiriti Kalabagan Strengths Mapping Interview Schedule;162
7.2.8;References;163
8;Part IV Positive Psychology and Organizations;166
8.1;10 Creating Positive Social Change Through Building Positive Organizations: Four Levels of Intervention;167
8.1.1; Developing Positive Organizations;168
8.1.2; Intrapersonal Interventions;170
8.1.3; Interpersonal Interventions;171
8.1.4; Group Interventions;174
8.1.5; Organizational System Interventions;177
8.1.6; Organizational-Level Interventions for Social Change;179
8.1.7; Factors That Influence Success;180
8.1.8; Conclusion;180
8.1.9;References;181
8.2;11 Organizational Democracy as a Force for Social Change;183
8.2.1; Organizational Democracy as a Force for Social Change;183
8.2.2; What Is Organizational Democracy?;185
8.2.3; The End of the Industrial Age;187
8.2.4; Trend One: The Internet and Technology;188
8.2.5; Trend Two: Generations X and Y Have Arrived;188
8.2.6; Trend Three: Wall Street Backlash;189
8.2.7; Trend Four: Political Transitions;189
8.2.8; Trend Five: The Search for Meaning;189
8.2.9; Trend Six: Corporate Social Responsibility;189
8.2.10; Trend Seven: Lifestyle Democracy;189
8.2.11; Trend Eight: Feminine Values;190
8.2.12; The Birth of Blu;190
8.2.13; The WorldBlu Organizational Democracy Framework;191
8.2.14; The Ten WorldBlu Principles of Organizational Democracy;192
8.2.15; Organizational Democracy at DaVita;192
8.2.16; Democratic Companies Have Purpose and Vision;193
8.2.17; Democratic Companies Are Transparent;194
8.2.18; Democratic Companies Encourage Accountability;194
8.2.19; Democratic Companies Provide Choice;194
8.2.20; Democratic Companies Have Integrity;194
8.2.21; Democratic Companies Decentralize Power;195
8.2.22; Democratic Companies Engage in Dialogue and Listening;195
8.2.23; Democratic Companies Treat People with Fairness and Dignity;195
8.2.24; Democratic Companies Embrace Both the Individual and the Collective;196
8.2.25; Democratic Companies Engage in Reflection and Evaluation;196
8.2.26;References;197
9;Part V Positive Psychology and a Focus on Others;198
9.1;12 Better Living Through Perspective Taking;199
9.1.1; Cross-Cultural Caveat;201
9.1.2; Development and Mechanics of Perspective Taking;202
9.1.3; Perspective Taking, Compassion, and Helpful Behavior;206
9.1.4; Perspective Taking, Similarity, and Self-other Merging;208
9.1.5; Perspective Taking and More Charitable Attributions;210
9.1.6; Perspective Taking and Prejudice;212
9.1.7; Perspective Taking and Aggressive Behavior;214
9.1.8; Perspective Taking and Social Interactions;215
9.1.9; Perspctive Taking and the Environment;215
9.1.10; Perspective Taking as Thinking Again, Thinking Differently;216
9.1.11; Ending Ideas;217
9.1.12;References;218
9.2;13 Investing in Others: Prosocial Spending for (Pro)Social Change;225
9.2.1; The Relationship Between Money and Happiness;226
9.2.2; Prosocial Spending at the Individual Level;227
9.2.3; Prosocial Spending at the Dyadic Level;231
9.2.4; Prosocial Spending at the Team Level;232
9.2.5; Prosocial Spending at the Organizational Level;233
9.2.6; Onward and Outward;234
9.2.7; Why Does Prosocial Spending Increase Happiness? New Theoretical Questions and Applications;235
9.2.8; Conclusion;237
9.2.9;References;237
10;Part VI Positive Psychology and Social Change Interventions;241
10.1;14 How Does Coaching Positively Impact Organizational and Societal Change?;242
10.1.1; Introduction;242
10.1.2; How Is Coaching Making a Difference in Organizations and Society?;243
10.1.2.1; Nancy Kline: Independent Thinking to Create Societal Change;243
10.1.2.2; Mark Rittenberg: Theatre Practices to Develop Holistic, Authentic Leaders;247
10.1.2.3; Lee Salmon: The Entrepreneurial Go-To Place for Executive Coaching;250
10.1.2.4; Lew Stern: Positively Influencing Leadership for Global Sustainability;253
10.1.2.5; Italia Boninelli: Global Mining and Its Impact on Communities and Society;255
10.1.2.6; Shani Naidoo: Coaching and Social Networking;257
10.1.2.7; Willem de Jager: Leadership and Innovation for Social Projects;259
10.1.2.8; Roger Maitland and Brett Anderson: Coaching for Wellness and HIV/AIDS Awareness;262
10.1.2.8.1; Brett Anderson;262
10.1.2.8.2; Roger Maitland;263
10.1.2.9; Marilyn Johnson: Coaching for Leadership and Community Awareness;266
10.1.2.10; Nonkqubela Maliza: Driving the Transformation Agenda;269
10.1.3; Conclusion;271
10.1.4;References;271
10.2;15 Positive Psychotherapy and Social Change;272
10.2.1; Defining the Unknown: Mental Health in Clinical Psychology;272
10.2.1.1; Building Positive Mental Health: The Bricks;273
10.2.1.1.1; Opportunities and Constraints;273
10.2.1.1.2; Balance and Harmony Across Life Domains;275
10.2.1.1.3; Cultural Diversity;276
10.2.1.1.4; Goals and Meanings;278
10.2.1.1.5; Agency and Responsibility;280
10.2.1.1.6; Being Versus Doing;281
10.2.1.1.7; Eudaimonia and Hedonia;282
10.2.1.2; Building Positive Mental Health: The Cement;283
10.2.1.2.1; Well-Being Therapy and Its Applications;284
10.2.1.3; Building Positive Mental Health: Carpenters and End Users;287
10.2.2;References;288
10.3;16 Recreate or Create? Leisure as an Arena for Recovery and Change;297
10.3.1; Defining Leisure, Recovery, and Change;298
10.3.1.1; The Effects of Leisure on Well-Being;299
10.3.2; Particular Leisure Activities;300
10.3.2.1; Leisure and Positive Change;302
10.3.3; Is the Development of Skills Pleasant?;303
10.3.4; Future Research;306
10.3.5; Conclusions;307
10.3.6;References;308
10.4;17 Positive Computing;313
10.4.1; Introduction;313
10.4.2; How Computers Can Help Flourishing on a Global Scale;315
10.4.3; Technological Capabilities Relevant to Positive Computing;317
10.4.3.1; Collecting Data for Positive Applications;317
10.4.3.2; Affective Computing and the Personal Happiness Assistant (PHA);319
10.4.3.3; Persuading People to Take Positive Action;321
10.4.3.4; Computers and Purpose in Life;323
10.4.4; Dealing with Challenging Situations;324
10.4.5; Addressing Ethical Concerns and Data Privacy;325
10.4.6; Concluding Remarks;328
10.4.7;References;328
11;Part VII Change the World;331
11.1;18 Changing the World: The Science of Transformative Action;332
11.1.1;References;347
11.2;Editor's Afterword;349
12;Index;356