E-Book, Englisch, 427 Seiten, Web PDF
Bobrow Representation and Understanding
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9915-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Studies in Cognitive Science
E-Book, Englisch, 427 Seiten, Web PDF
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9915-0
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Representation and Understanding
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Front Cover;1
2;Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Dedication;6
5;Table of Contents;8
6;PREFACE;10
7;Part I: Theory of Representation;16
7.1;CHAPTER 1. DIMENSIONS OF REPRESENTATION;16
7.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;17
7.1.2;II. DOMAIN AND RANGE;21
7.1.3;III. OPERATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE;25
7.1.4;IV. THE MAPPING PROCESS;29
7.1.5;V. INFERENCE;31
7.1.6;VI. ACCESS;37
7.1.7;VII. MATCHING;41
7.1.8;VIII. SELF-AWARENESS;43
7.1.9;IX. CONCLUSION;44
7.1.10;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;48
7.1.11;REFERENCES;48
7.2;CHAPTER 2. WHAT'S IN A LINK: Foundations for Semantic Networks;50
7.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;51
7.2.2;II. WHAT IS SEMANTICS?;52
7.2.3;III. SEMANTICS AND SEMANTIC NETWORKS;59
7.2.4;IV. PROBLEMS IN KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION;74
7.2.5;V. CONCLUSION;94
7.2.6;REFERENCES;96
7.3;CHAPTER 3. REFLECTIONS ON THE FORMAL DESCRIPTION OF BEHAVIOR;98
7.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;98
7.3.2;II. HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION OF PROCESSES;99
7.3.3;III. CONFLICTS;106
7.3.4;IV. EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS;111
7.3.5;V. THE RELATIVITY OF BEHAVIORAL DESCRIPTION;114
7.3.6;VI. SUMMARY;117
7.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;117
7.4;CHAPTER 4. SYSTEMATIC UNDERSTANDING: Synthesis, Analysis, and Contingent Knowledge in Specialized Understanding Systems;118
7.4.1;I. INTRODUCTION;118
7.4.2;II. THE SCA MODEL;120
7.4.3;III. THE ELEMENTS OF THE SCA MODEL;130
7.4.4;IV. COMMENTS ON REPRESENTATION ISSUES;136
7.4.5;V. CONCLUSION;141
7.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;143
7.4.7;REFERENCES;143
8;Part II: New Memory Models;146
8.1;CHAPTER 5. SOME PRINCIPLES OF MEMORY SCHEMATA;146
8.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;146
8.1.2;II. MEMORY ACCESS USING DESCRIPTIONS;147
8.1.3;III. PROCESSING STRUCTURES;153
8.1.4;IV. SUMMARY;163
8.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;164
8.1.6;REFERENCES;164
8.2;CHAPTER 6. A FRAME FOR FRAMES: Representing Knowledge for Recognition;166
8.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;167
8.2.2;II. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF FRAMES;168
8.2.3;III. AN EXAMPLE: BLOCKS WORLD RECOGNITION;177
8.2.4;IV. WHAT DOES THIS ALL MEAN?;191
8.2.5;V. SUMMARY;197
8.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;198
8.2.7;REFERENCES;199
8.3;CHAPTER 7. FRAME REPRESENTATIONS AND THE DECLARATIVE/PROCEDURAL CONTROVERSY;200
8.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;200
8.3.2;IL THE SIMPLE ISSUES;201
8.3.3;III. SOME UNDERLYING ISSUES;206
8.3.4;IV. STEPS TOWARD A MIDDLE;208
8.3.5;V. A FIRST ATTEMPT AT SYNTHESIS;210
8.3.6;VI. CONCLUSION;224
8.3.7;REFERENCES;225
9;Part III: Higher Level Structures;226
9.1;CHAPTER 8. NOTES ON A SCHEMA FOR STORIES;226
9.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;226
9.1.2;II. A SIMPLE STORY GRAMMAR;228
9.1.3;III. ANALYZING A STORY;236
9.1.4;IV. SUMMARIZING STORIES;241
9.1.5;V. CONCLUSION;249
9.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;250
9.1.7;REFERENCES;250
9.2;CHAPTER 9. THE STRUCTURE OF EPISODES IN MEMORY;252
9.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;252
9.2.2;II. CONCEPTUAL DEPENDENCY;253
9.2.3;III. UNDERSTANDING PARAGRAPHS;257
9.2.4;IV. LONG-TERM MEMORY;270
9.2.5;V. SUMMARY;282
9.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;282
9.2.7;APPENDIX: CONCEPTUAL DEPENDENCY;283
9.2.8;REFERENCES;286
9.3;CHAPTER 10. CONCEPTS FOR REPRESENTING MUNDANE REALITY IN PLANS;288
9.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;288
9.3.2;II. PRIMITIVE STEPS IN PLANS;293
9.3.3;III. SPECIFIC STATES AND DELTACTS;299
9.3.4;IV· PLANS;314
9.3.5;V. ISSUES AND PROBLEMS;317
9.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;323
9.3.7;REFERENCES;323
10;Part IV: Semantic Knowledge in Understander Systems;326
10.1;CHAPTER 11. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS OF KNOWLEDGEFOR TUTORIAL REASONING;326
10.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;326
10.1.2;II. NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING;339
10.1.3;III. ON INFERENCING;347
10.1.4;IV. CONCLUSION;363
10.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;364
10.1.6;REFERENCES;364
10.2;CHAPTER 12. THE ROLE OF SEMANTICS IN AUTOMATIC SPEECH UNDERSTANDING;366
10.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;366
10.2.2;II. FORMS OF SEMANTIC KNOWLEDGE;368
10.2.3;III. RECENT SPEECH UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH;372
10.2.4;IV. THE SPEECHLIS ENVIRONMENT;373
10.2.5;V. SPEECHLIS SEMANTICS;379
10.2.6;VI. SUMMARY;395
10.2.7;REFERENCES;396
10.3;CHAPTER 13. REASONING FROM INCOMPLETE KNOWLEDGE;398
10.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;398
10.3.2;II. OPEN VERSUS CLOSED WORLDS;399
10.3.3;III. NEGATIVE INFERENCES;401
10.3.4;IV. FUNCTIONAL INFERENCES;415
10.3.5;V. LEARNING TO REASON;421
10.3.6;VI. CONCLUSION;429
10.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;429
10.3.8;REFERENCES;430
11;AUTHOR INDEX;432
12;SUBJECT INDEX;436




