Bock Multilevel Analysis of Educational Data

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9560-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 354 Seiten, Web PDF

Multilevel Analysis of Educational Data - Bayesian methods - Empirical Bayes - Generalized least squares - Profile likelihoods - E-M algorithm - Fisher scoring procedures - Both educational and social science applications

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bock, R. Darrell

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Multilevel Analysis of Educational Data;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors;10
6;Preface;12
7;Chapter 1. Some Applications of Multilevel Models of Educational Data;14
7.1;Introduction;14
7.2;Improving Law School Validity Studies;16
7.3;Obtaining Prediction Equations in Business Schools from Sparse Data;22
7.4;Summarizing Evidence in Randomized Experiments on Coaching;25
7.5;Concluding Comments;29
7.6;References;30
8;Chapter 2. Empirical Bayes Methods: A Tool for Exploratory Analysis;32
8.1;Introduction;32
8.2;Preliminaries;33
8.3;An Application of Empirical Bayes;38
8.4;Other Applications of Empirical Bayes;45
8.5;Validity Generalization;50
8.6;More General Apphcations of EB;55
8.7;Miscellanea;61
8.8;Brief Review of the Development of EB;63
8.9;References;64
9;Chapter 3. A Hierarchical Item-response Model for Educational Testing;70
9.1;Introduction and Background;70
9.2;The Data;72
9.3;The Response Process;72
9.4;The Person-level Model for the Proficiency;74
9.5;The Group-level Model for Content Elements;76
9.6;The Interface Between Levels;78
9.7;Controlling the Model Over Time;81
9.8;Some Final Comments;85
9.9;References;86
10;Chapter 4. Difficulties with Bayesian Inference for Random Effects;88
10.1;Introduction;88
10.2;The Problem;89
10.3;The Model;90
10.4;Asymptotic Considerations;91
10.5;An Asymptotic Mode;92
10.6;Secondary Modes;94
10.7;Conclusions;96
10.8;References;98
11;Chapter 5. Multilevel Aspects of Varying Parameters in Structural Models;100
11.1;Introduction;100
11.2;Econometric Random Coefficient Modeling;102
11.3;Structural Models;105
11.4;References;112
12;Discussions of Papers by Mislevy and Bock, Muthén and Satorra, and Lewis;114
13;Chapter 6. Models for Multilevel Response Variables with an Application to Growth Curves;120
13.1;Introduction;120
13.2;The Two-level Multivariate Model;121
13.3;Estimation and Prediction;124
13.4;Data Analysis;124
13.5;Discussion;131
13.6;Appendix;136
13.7;References;138
14;Chapter 7. Multilevel Models: Issues and Problems Emerging from their Recent Application in British Studies of School Effectiveness;140
14.1;Introduction;140
14.2;Enduring Questions;142
14.3;Revisiting Previous Research;143
14.4;Two-level Models;146
14.5;Three-level Models;150
14.6;Conclusion;155
14.7;Acknowledgments;155
14.8;References;156
15;What Can go Wrong with Iteratively Re-Weighted Least Squares?;160
15.1;Introduction;160
15.2;Sources of Information;160
15.3;Estimating a Common Mean;165
15.4;Modified Maximum Likelihood;167
15.5;REFERENCES;170
16;Chapter 8. Toward a More Appropriate Conceptualization of Research on School Effects: A Three-level Hierarchical Linear Model;172
16.1;Introduction;172
16.2;Overview of the Hierarchical Linear Model;174
16.3;Research on School Effects and Instruction;176
16.4;Research on Individual Change and Correlates of Change;189
16.5;Toward a Three-level Model for Research on School and Instructional Effects;199
16.6;Discussion;209
16.7;Appendix;212
16.8;REFERENCES;214
17;Chapter 9. Quantitative Models for Estimating Teacher and School Effectiveness;218
17.1;Introduction;218
17.2;Criteria for Adequacy of Statistical Models;220
17.3;A Model for School Effects;221
17.4;Specification of Policy Variables;226
17.5;Specifying Background and Compositional Variables;232
17.6;Conclusions;243
17.7;References;244
18;Chapter 10. Multilevel Investigations of Systematically Varying Slopes: Issues, Alternatives, and Consequences;246
18.1;Rationale for Multilevel Modeling;248
18.2;Purpose;249
18.3;General Multilevel Framework;250
18.4;Substantive Rationale for Interest in SVS;254
18.5;Specific Methodological Concerns;259
18.6;Altemative Methodological Approaches: Their Response to Substantive and Methodological Issues;263
18.7;Concluding Remarks: Next Steps;284
18.8;References;285
19;Multilevel Data Analysis: A Discussion;290
19.1;References;295
20;Chapter 11. Profile Predictive Likelihood for Random Effects in the Two-level Model;296
20.1;Introduction;296
20.2;Two-level Model;297
20.3;Profile Predictive Likelihood for the ai;299
20.4;The General Two-level Model;302
20.5;An Example;303
20.6;Discussion;305
20.7;Appendix;307
20.8;References;309
21;Chapter 12. Fisher Scoring Algorithm for Variance Component Analysis of Data with Multilevel Structure;310
21.1;Variance Component Models;310
21.2;Model Selection for the Random Part;314
21.3;Fisher Scoring Algorithm;315
21.4;Diagnostics: Residual Analysis;320
21.5;Multilevel Models;321
21.6;Extensions for the Exponential Family;321
21.7;Conclusions: Data Aggregation;322
21.8;References;323
22;Discussion of Aitkin's and Longford's Papers;324
22.1;Aitkin: Profile Predictive Likelihood and Related Matters;324
22.2;Longford: Variance Components and School Effectiveness Studies;327
22.3;Additional References;330
23;Addendum Measurement of Human Variation: A Two-Stage Model;332
23.1;The concept of a measurement probability function (MPF);333
23.2;The population concept in psychological measurement;335
23.3;Marginal maximum likelihood estimation of . and .;337
23.4;Application to measurement of growth;339
23.5;Application to item factor analysis;349
23.6;Discussion;352
23.7;References;353
24;Author Index;356
25;Subject Index;360