Bodziak Tire Tread and Tire Track Evidence

Recovery and Forensic Examination
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-1-4200-0682-7
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 368 Seiten

Reihe: Practical Aspects of Criminal & Forensic Investigations

Police success in linking vehicles to the scene of a crime through the impressions and tracks those vehicles leave behind has long served as a successful and reliable forensic tool. The collection and forensic evaluation of that evidence, however, requires specialized knowledge, training, and expertise.
Drawing from the author’s 34 years of experience, first as an FBI examiner and currently as a private consultant in the area of tire evidence, Tire and Tire Track Evidence: Recovery and Forensic Examination is the most comprehensive and up-to-date volume available on the subject. Covering all aspects of the field, the book begins with general information on the modern pneumatic tire and basic terminology. For both the crime scene technician and the forensic examiner, the author addresses information on both how to recover tire track evidence and how to photograph and cast the individual tread detail from those impressions.

The book explains and illustrates the necessary information on obtaining known exemplars; tire manufacturing, and retreading tires. It explains important aspects of tires including their tread design and dimension, noise treatment, general wear and individual acquired characteristics. The author instructs on applying that knowledge while conducting a structured examination procedure, resulting in the final evaluation of evidence and report writing as well as the presentation of tire evidence in court. He provides information on databases and resources along with case examples, including the Oklahoma City bombing.
Informative and useful, this book gives crime scene technicians and forensic examiners the tools to accurately and reliably collect, recover, and examine tire evidence.

Zielgruppe

Forensic scientists and technicians, law enforcement officers, and attorneys.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Bodziak, William J.

Fachgebiete

• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Kriminalsoziologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

General Tire Information

From the Wheel to the Tire

The Pneumatic Tire

Tire Footprint or Contact Patch

How a Tire Carries the Load

Tire Evolution

Original Equipment Manufacturer Tires (OEM)

Replacement Tires

Tread Design

Information on Sidewalls

Wheels and Rims

Track Evidence

Track Evidence

How Vehicles Track

Tread Width

Track Width

Turning Diameter

Wheelbase

Rolling Circumference

Making Measurements of the Suspect Vehicle

Aftermarket Wheels and Tires

Other Track Evidence

Documenting and Recovering Tire Impression Evidence

The Crime Scene

Putting Tire Impression Recovery in Perspective

Detail Retained in Impressions

Recovery of Impression Evidence

Original Tire Evidence

Photographing Tire Evidence at the Crime Scene

Casting Three-Dimensional Impressions

Dental Stone Materials

Determining the Powder-to-Water Ratio

Preparing the Impression for Casting

Mixing

Pouring

Labeling the Cast

Recovering the Cast

Drying and Cleaning the Cast

Tire Impressions in Snow

Dry-Casting Snow Impressions

Snow Print Wax® and Snow Impression Wax

Casting Snow Impressions with Sulfur

Lifting Tire Impressions

Contusions

Known Exemplars of Tires for Elimination and Examination

General Information

Documenting Tires from Elimination Vehicles

Known Exemplar Impressions of a Suspect Vehicle

Dual Tire Assemblies

Key Points

Tire Manufacturing

Designing a Tire

Tire Mold Types

Mold-Making Methods

Tire Manufacturing

Tire Components

Building the Tire

Molding and Curing

Final Finishing and Quality Control

Retreaded Tires

Retreading Defined

How Tires Are Retreaded

Tire Inspection

Pre-Cure Method

Pre-Cure Tread Design Stock

Ring Tread Process

Mold Cure Method

Retread DOTR Number

Determining Whether a Tire Is Retreaded

Forensic Significance of Crime Scene Impressions Made by Retread Tires

Regrooving

Tread Design and Dimension

Tire Parameters Affect Design

Tread Design

Tread Design Terminology

Tread Design Categories

Other Categories or Types of Tread Design

Tread Dimension

Accuracy of Tread Dimensions in Impressions

Factors in Dimensional Evaluation

Noise Treatment

Modern Noise Treatment Differs on Each Tire Side

Tires without Noise Treatment

Tread Wear Indicators

Using Tread Wear Indicators and Noise Treatment Together

Noise Treatment and Tread Wear Indicator Combination Possibilities

Vehicles Tires of Multiple Tread Designs

Vehicle Tires of Varying Sizes

Tire Wear

Use of Wear in Forensic Examinations

Wear Terminology

Causes of Tire Wear

Characteristics of Tire Wear

Wear Characteristics Retained in Two-Dimensional Impressions

Wear Characteristics Retained in Three-Dimensional Impressions

Sipe Characteristics Change with Wear

Groove Depth and Taper

Tread Wear Indicators

Tread Depth Gauges

Potential Unreliability of Tread Depth Measurements

Forensic Significance of Wear

Individual Characteristics

Individualization

The Individualization of a Tire

Examples of Individual Characteristics of Tires

Recording Individual Characteristics in a Substrate

Weight of Individual Characteristics

Changes in Individual Characteristics with Additional Wear

Examination Methodology and Procedure for Comparison of Tire Impressions

Structured Examination Procedure

Note Taking

Preparation for Examination

The Process of Examining Tire Impressions

Possible Results Regarding Tread Design and Dimension

Different Tread Design

Similar or Same General Tread Design

Tread Design and Dimension Correspond

Continuing the Examination Process

Partial Width Impressions

Reporting Results

The ACE-V Method

Additional Comments

Presenting Tire Evidence in Court

Preparation

Demonstration Aids

Planning Ahead

Pre-Trial Meeting with Attorney

Testifying to Your Conclusions

Resources and Databases

Resources

Tire Guides, Inc.

Tire Business

Tire Retread Information Bureau

JATO Dynamics

Michigan and RCMP Track Databases

European Databases

SICAR TreadMate

Books

Case Studies

Kunz Family Homicides

Mary Lou Arruda Homicide

Hit-and-Run Civil Case

The Tire Evidence in the Oklahoma City Bombing Case

Glossary

Bibliography

Index