Boukharouba / Elboujdaini / Pluvinage Damage and Fracture Mechanics

Failure Analysis of Engineering Materials and Structures
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-2669-9
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 611 Seiten

The First African InterQuadrennial ICF Conference 'AIQ-ICF2008' on Damage and Fracture Mechanics - Failure Analysis of Engineering Materials and Structures', Algiers, Algeria, June 1-5, 2008 is the first in the series of InterQuadrennial Conferences on Fracture to be held in the continent of Africa. During the conference, African researchers have shown that they merit a strong reputation in international circles and continue to make substantial contributions to the field of fracture mechanics. As in most countries, the research effort in Africa is und- taken at the industrial, academic, private sector and governmental levels, and covers the whole spectrum of fracture and fatigue. The AIQ-ICF2008 has brought together researchers and engineers to review and discuss advances in the development of methods and approaches on Damage and Fracture Mechanics. By bringing together the leading international experts in the field, AIQ-ICF promotes technology transfer and provides a forum for industry and researchers of the host nation to present their accomplishments and to develop new ideas at the highest level. International Conferences have an important role to play in the technology transfer process, especially in terms of the relationships to be established between the participants and the informal exchange of ideas that this ICF offers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Boukharouba, Taoufik

Elboujdaini, Mimoun

Pluvinage, Guy

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Table of Contents;5
2;Acknowledgments;13
3;Editors’ Biographies;14
3.1;Prof. Taoufik Boukharouba;14
3.2;Dr. Mimoun Elboujdaïni;14
3.3;Prof. Guy Pluvinage;15
4;Foreword;16
5;Preamble;18
6;The Arabic Phase of the Mechanics;18
6.1;1. The playful mechanics;19
6.2;2. The civil engineering;20
6.3;3. Instruments to measure the time;21
6.4;4. The military engineering;23
6.5;References;24
7;Determination of the Hardness of the Oxide Layers of 2017A Alloys;25
7.1;Chahinez Fares1, Taoufik Boukharouba1, Mohamed El Amine Belouchrani2, Abdelmalek Britah3 and Moussa Naït Abdelaziz4;25
7.2;1. Introduction;25
7.3;2. Model for determining hardness;26
7.4;3. Experimental methods;28
7.5;4. Results and discussion;29
7.6;5. Conclusions;33
7.7;References;33
8;Effect of Non-Metallic Inclusions on Hydrogen Induced Cracking;35
8.1;Mimoun Elboujdaini and Winston Revie;35
8.2;1. Introduction;35
8.3;2. Experimental procedure;37
8.4;3. Results and discussion;37
8.5;4. Conclusions;41
8.6;References;41
9;Defect Assessment on Pipe Transporting a Mixture of Natural Gas and Hydrogen;43
9.1;1. Introduction;43
9.2;Guy Pluvinage;43
9.3;2. Determination of hydrogen concentration pipelines steels;44
9.4;3. Hydrogen embrittlement and brittle to ductile transition with hydrogen concentration;46
9.5;4. Determination of gaz pipe steel fracture toughness in presence of dentes;48
9.6;5. The use of a modified failure assessment diagram for notches and dentes;53
9.7;6. Conclusions;55
9.8;References;56
10;Reliability Analysis of Low Alloy Ferritic Piping Materials;57
10.1;A. Guedri1, 4, B. Merzoug2, Moe Khaleel3 and A. Zeghloul4;57
10.2;1. Introduction;57
10.3;2. Description of general model;59
10.4;3. Praise modifications to consider fatigue – crack initiation;59
10.5;4. Praise modifications for crack growth and linking of multiple cracks;60
10.6;5. Correlations between initiation and growth properties;61
10.7;6. Modification of fatigue crack growth relations for ferritic material;61
10.8;7. Example;62
10.9;8. Probability result;62
10.10;9. Conclusions;65
10.11;References;65
11;Experimental Characterization and Effect of the Triaxiality on the Behavior of the HDPE;67
11.1;K. Hachour1, R. Ferhoum1, M. Aberkane1, F. Zairi2 and M. Nait Abdelaziz2;67
11.2;1. Introduction;67
11.3;2. Experimental procedure;68
11.4;3. Experimental results;69
11.5;4. Conclusions;71
11.6;References;71
12;Effects of Aggressive Chemical Environments on Mechanical Behavior of Polyethylene Piping Material;73
12.1;Souheila Rehab-Bekkouche, Nadjette Kiass and Kamel Chaoui;73
12.2;1. Introduction;73
12.3;2. Experimental approach;74
12.4;3. Results and discussion;76
12.5;4. Conclusions;81
12.6;References;81
13;Hydrogen Embrittlement Enhanced by Plastic Deformation of Super Duplex Stainless Steel;82
13.1;A. Elhoud1, N. Renton2 and W. Deans2;82
13.2;1. Introduction;82
13.3;2. Experimental procedure;83
13.4;3. Experimental results;84
13.5;4. Discussion;88
13.6;5. Conclusions;90
13.7;References;90
14;Hydrogen Effect on Local Fracture Emanating from Notches in Pipeline Steels;91
14.1;Julien Capelle1, Igor Dmytrakh2, Joseph Gilgert1 and Guy Pluvinage1;91
14.2;1. Introduction;91
14.3;2. Object of study;92
14.4;3. Experimental procedure;92
14.5;4. Assessment of hydrogen concentration in pipeline steels under “SOFT” cathodic charging;96
14.6;5. Local strength of pipelines steels at notches in presence of hydrogen;100
14.7;6. Conclusions;102
14.8;References;103
15;Reliability Assessment of Underground Pipelines Under Active Corrosion Defects;105
15.1;A. Amirat1, A. Benmoussat2 and K. Chaoui1;105
15.2;1. Introduction;105
15.3;2. Mechanical model;106
15.4;3. Corrosion pipe inspection;108
15.5;4. Reliability model;108
15.6;5. Pipeline remaining life assessment;110
15.7;6. Conclusions;113
15.8;References;113
16;An Overview of the Applications of NDI/NDT in Engineering Design for Structural Integrity and Damage Tolerance in Aircraft Structures;115
16.1;1. Introduction;115
16.2;A.M. Abdel-Latif;115
16.3;2. Fatigue damage in aging aircraft;116
16.4;3. Fatigue design philosophies;116
16.5;4. Design principles;117
16.6;5. Role of NDT in structural integrity and fatigue management;120
16.7;6. Evolving DNT methods;120
16.8;6. Conclusions;121
16.9;References;122
17;Improvement in the Design of Automobile Upper Suspension Control Arms Using Aluminum Alloys;123
17.1;M. Bouazara;123
17.2;1. Introduction;123
17.3;2. Vehicle model;125
17.4;3. Optimization methods;129
17.5;4. Design of suspension control system;130
17.6;5. Conclusions;133
17.7;References;134
18;Performances of Vehicles’Active Suspensions;135
18.1;Nadhira Kheznadji Messaoud-Nacer;135
18.2;1. Introduction;135
18.3;2. Active suspension system of a quarter vehicle model;135
18.4;3. Half vehicle model of the active suspension system;139
18.5;4. Conclusions;142
18.6;References;142
19;Damaging Influence of Cutting Tools on the Manufactured Surfaces Quality;143
19.1;Idriss Amara, Embarek Ferkous and Fayçal Bentaleb;143
19.2;1. Introduction;143
19.3;2. Experimental study;144
19.4;3. Observations;149
19.5;5. Conclusions;151
19.6;References;152
20;Design and Test of a Sandwich T-Joint for Naval Ships;153
20.1;Lotfi Hamitouche1, Mostapha Tarfaoui1 and Alain Vautrin2;153
20.2;1. Introduction;153
20.3;2. Design of lightweight T-joint named DCNS_1, DCNS_2 and DCNS_3;155
20.4;3. Inspection of T-joint;156
20.5;4. Manufacturing of test specimens;157
20.6;5. Test specification;157
20.7;6. Results;159
20.8;7. Conclusions;161
20.9;References;162
21;Vibroacoustic Sources Identification of Gear Mechanism Transmission;164
21.1;Abbassia Derouiche1, Nacer Hamzaoui2 and Taoufik Boukharouba1;164
21.2;1. Introduction;164
21.3;2. Principal Components Analysis (PCA);165
21.4;3. Experimental set up;167
21.5;4. Conclusions;172
21.6;References;172
22;Prediction of Structural and Dynamic Behaviors of Impacted Plates;174
22.1;Abdelhamid Miloudi and Mahmoud Neder;174
22.2;1. Introduction;174
22.3;2. Elastic modelling of impact;175
22.4;3. Numerical example and discussion;179
22.5;4. Conclusions;182
22.6;References;183
23;Application of Structural INTegrity Assessment Procedure to Nuclear Power Plant Component;184
23.1;Nenad Gubeljak and Jozef Predan;184
23.2;1. Introduction;184
23.3;2. SINTAP procedure;186
23.4;3. Determination of the carrying capacity of the T-joint of pipes;188
23.5;4. Conclusions;193
23.6;References;193
24;Failure Assessment Diagrams in Structural Integrity Analysis;194
24.1;Yu. G. Matvienko;194
24.2;1. Introduction;194
24.3;2. Failure assessment diagram for a solid with a crack;195
24.4;3. Notch failure assessment diagram;197
24.5;4. Structural integrity assessment of a notch-like defect;198
24.6;5. Acceptable surface longitudinal notch-like defects in a pressure vessel;201
24.7;6. Conclusions;202
24.8;References;203
25;Degradation and Failure of Some Polymers (Polyethylene and Polyamide) for Industrial Applications;204
25.1;Boubaker Bounamous and Kamel Chaoui;204
25.2;1. Introduction;204
25.3;2. Polyethylene pipe interactions;205
25.4;3. Polyethylene pipe testing;206
25.5;4. Wear measurements in polyamide gears;208
25.6;5. Failure mechanisms of polyethylene pipes;209
25.7;6. Brittle to ductile transition;210
25.8;7. Wear evolution on polyamide 66;212
25.9;8. Environmental stress cracking;214
25.10;9. Conclusions;215
25.11;References;215
26;On the Structural Integrity of the Nano-PVD Coatings Applied on Cutting Tools;216
26.1;Miroslav Piska, Ales Polzer, Petra Cihlarova and Dagmar Stankova;216
26.2;1. Introduction;216
26.3;2. Theory of the cutting tests;218
26.4;3. Experimental work, results;220
26.5;4. Results;221
26.6;5. Discussion;224
26.7;6. Conclusions;224
26.8;References;225
27;Investigation of Energy Balance in Nanocrystalline Titanium Under Cyclic Loading;226
27.1;O. Plekhov1, O. Naimark1, R. Valiev2 and I. Semenova2;226
27.2;1. Introduction;226
27.3;2. Material and experimental conditions;227
27.4;3. Experimental results;228
27.5;4. Discussion;230
27.6;References;232
28;Behavior of Stainless Steel 316L Under Impact Test;233
28.1;M. Benachour, A. Hadjoui and F.Z. Seriari;233
28.2;1. Introduction;233
28.3;2. Material and impact tests;234
28.4;3. Experimental results and discussions;235
29;Spall Fracture in ARMCO Iron: Structure Evolution and Spall Strength;239
29.1;Oleg Naimark, Sergey Uvarov and Vladimir Oborin;239
29.2;1. Collective modes in mesodefect ensembles;239
29.3;3. Conclusions;244
29.4;References;244
30;Damage Modelling of Impacted Tubular Structures by Using Material Property Degradation Approach;246
30.1;Mostapha Tarfaoui1, Papa Birame Gning1 and Francis Collombet2;246
30.2;1. Introduction;246
30.3;2. Materials, geometry and reference mark;247
30.4;3. Finite element analysis (FEA);248
30.5;4. Impact without damage;248
30.6;5. Numerical study of the damage;250
30.7;6. Influence of damage on residual strength;252
30.8;7. Conclusions;253
30.9;References;254
31;Fracture Control for Northern Pipelines;255
31.1;W.R. Tyson;255
31.2;1. Introduction;255
31.3;2. Fracture Control;256
31.4;3. Summary;262
31.5;References;262
32;The Influence of the Interface on Fracture Parameters;263
32.1;L. Marsavina1,;263
32.2;1. Introduction;263
32.3;2. Singular stress field for an inclined crack terminating at a bi-material interface;265
32.4;3. The influence of bi-axial loading on the asymptotic stress field;268
32.5;4. Conclusions;271
32.6;References;272
33;Crack Propagation in the Vicinity of the Interface Between Two Elastic Materials;273
33.1;Luboš Náhlík, Lucie Šestáková and Pavel Hutar;273
33.2;1. Introduction;273
33.3;2. Stress field around the crack tip;274
33.4;3. Estimation of crack propagation direction;276
33.5;4. Numerical example;278
33.6;5. Discussion;279
33.7;6. Conclusions;280
33.8;References;281
34;Fracture Behaviour of TiAl Intermetalics;282
34.1;Ivo Dlouhý, Zdenek Chlup, Hynek Hadraba and Vladislav Kozák;282
34.2;1. Introduction;282
34.3;2. Material and experimental methods;283
34.4;3. Results;284
34.5;4. Discussion;287
34.6;5. Conclusions;290
34.7;References;290
35;Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Mixed Mode Fracture in Granite Using Four-Point-Bend Specimen;292
35.1;M.R.M. Aliha, M.R. Ayatollahi and B. Kharazi;292
35.2;1. Introduction;292
35.3;2. Four-point-bend specimen;293
35.4;3. Finite element modeling;294
35.5;4. Fracture experiments;295
35.6;5. Results and discussion;296
35.7;6. Conclusions;299
35.8;References;300
36;Experimental and Numerical Determination of Stress Intensity Factors of Crack in Plate with a Multiple Holes;301
36.1;S. Belamri1, T. Tamine2 and A. Nemdili3;301
36.2;1. Introduction;301
36.3;2. Experimental method;302
36.4;3. Method of resolution;304
36.5;4. Results;305
36.6;5. Conclusions;310
36.7;References;311
37;Dynamic Response of Cracked Plate Subjected to Impact Loading Using the Extended Finite Element Method (X-FEM);312
37.1;R. Tiberkak1, M. Bachene2, B.K. Hachi3, S. Rechak4 and M. Haboussi5;312
37.2;1. Introduction;312
37.3;2. Mathematical model and X-FEM formulation;313
37.4;3. Contact force;316
37.5;4. Numerical applications;318
37.6;5. Conclusions;321
37.7;References;321
38;On Heterogeneity of Welded Joint by Modelling of Diffusion;322
38.1;L. Rehácková, J. Kalousek and J. Dobrovská;322
38.2;1. Introduction;322
38.3;2. Experimental part;323
38.4;3. Discussion;328
38.5;4. Conclusions;329
38.6;References;329
39;Correlation of Microstructure and Toughness of the Welded Joint of Pipeline Steel X65;330
39.1;Rrahim Maksuti1, Hamit Mehmeti1, Hartmut Baum2, Mursel Rama1 and Nexhat Çerkini3;330
39.2;1. Introduction;330
39.3;2. Experimental procedure;332
39.4;3. Results and discussion;333
39.5;References;337
40;Effect of the Residual Fatigue Damage on the Static and Toughness Properties;338
40.1;P. Cadenas1, A. Amrouche1, G. Mesmacque1 and K. Jozwiak2;338
40.2;1. Introduction;338
40.3;2. Experimental procedures;339
40.4;3. Experimental results;341
40.5;4. Discussions;344
40.6;5. Conclusions;345
40.7;References;345
41;Influence of Fatigue Damage in Dynamic Tensile Properties of AISI 4140T Steel;346
41.1;U. Sánchez-Santana1, C. Rubio-González1, G. Mesmacque2 and A. Amrouche2;346
41.2;1. Introduction;346
41.3;2. Experimental procedure;347
41.4;3. Results and Discussion;348
41.5;4. Conclusions;354
41.6;References;355
42;Low-Cycle Fatigue of Al–Mg Alloys;356
42.1;M. Bournane, M. Bouazara and L. St-Georges;356
42.2;1. Introduction;356
42.3;2. Experimental procedure;357
42.4;3. Results and discussion;359
42.5;4. Conclusions;361
42.6;References;362
43;Damage of Glulam Beams Under Cyclic Torsion: Experiments and Modelling;363
43.1;Myriam Chaplain1, Zahreddine Nafa2 and Mohamed Guenfoud2;363
43.2;1. Introduction;363
43.3;2. Experimental procedures and results;365
43.4;3. Modelling;367
43.5;4. Conclusions;369
43.6;References;370
44;Statistical Study of Temperature Effect on Fatigue Life of Thin Welded Plates;371
44.1;Abdelmadjid Merabtine1, Kamel Chaoui1 and Zitouni Azari2;371
44.2;1. Introduction;371
44.3;2. Experimental approach;373
44.4;3. Results and discussion;374
44.5;4. Statistical analysis;375
44.6;5. Conclusions;379
44.7;References;380
45;Residual Stress Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth of SENT Specimen;381
45.1;M. Benachour1, 2, M. Benguediab2 and A. Hadjoui1;381
45.2;1. Introduction;381
45.3;2. Generation of residual stress field and origin;382
45.4;4. Results and discussions;384
45.5;References;386
46;Analysis of Elliptical Cracks in Static and in Fatigue by Hybridization of Green’s Functions;388
46.1;B.K. Hachi1, S. Rechak2, M. Haboussi3, M. Taghite3, Y. Belkacemi2 and G. Maurice3;388
46.2;1. Introduction;388
46.3;2. Presentation of the hybridization technique;389
46.4;3. The hybrid method in fatigue;392
46.5;4. Numerical tests, results and discussions;393
46.6;5. Conclusions;397
46.7;References;397
47;Influence of Coating on Friction and Wear of Combustion Engine Piston Rings;399
47.1;Abdelkader Guermat1, Guy Monteil2 and Mostefa Bouchetara3;399
47.2;1. Introduction;399
47.3;2. Lubrication model;400
47.4;3. Importance of the selected parameters;400
47.5;4. Influence of coating;401
47.6;5. Experimental conditions;401
47.7;6. Results;402
47.8;7. Conclusions;406
47.9;References;406
48;Optimization Constrained of the Lifetime of the CBN 7020 During the Machining of Steel 100 Cr6;407
48.1;Slimane Benchiheb and Lakhdar Boulanouar;407
48.2;1. Introduction;407
48.3;2. Experimental procedure;409
48.4;3. Results and discussion;409
48.5;4. Conclusions;414
48.6;References;414
49;Comparison of Simulation Methods of Pulsed Ultrasonic Fields Radiated in Isotropic Solids;416
49.1;W. Djerir1, 2, T. Boutkedjirt2 and A. Badidi Bouda1;416
49.2;1. Introduction;416
49.3;2. Review of field calculation methods;416
49.4;3. Description and assumptions of the selected models;417
49.5;4. Results;420
49.6;5. Discussion and conclusions;423
49.7;References;423
50;Investigation of Ag Doping Effects on Na1.5Co2O4 Elastic Parameters;425
50.1;Ibrahim Al-Suraihy, Abdellaziz Doghmane and Zahia Hadjoub;425
50.2;1. Introduction;425
50.3;2. Materials and methodology;426
50.4;3. Results and discussions;429
50.5;4. Conclusions;433
50.6;References;433
51;The Dynamics of Compressible Herschel–Bulkley Fluids in Die-Swell Flows;435
51.1;F. Belblidia1, T. Haroon2 and M.F. Webster1;435
51.2;1. Introduction;435
51.3;2. Governing equations;436
51.4;3. Numerical discretisation;439
51.5;4. Numerical results and discussion;440
51.6;5. Conclusions;443
51.7;References;443
52;Numerical Simulation of the Behaviour of Cracks in Axisymmetric Structures by the Dual Boundary Element Method;445
52.1;N. Amoura1, H. Kebir2, S. Rechak3 and J.M. Roelandt2;445
52.2;1. Introduction;445
52.3;2. Standard and hypersingular boundary integral equations for axisymmetric elastic solid;446
52.4;3. The dual boundary element method;447
52.5;4. Numerical treatments;448
52.6;5. Numerical applications;449
52.7;6. Conclusions;452
52.8;References;452
53;Numerical Evaluation of Energy Release Rate for Several Crack Orientation and Position to the Bi-Material Interface Plates;454
53.1;N. Kazi Tani1, T. Tamine1 and G. Pluvinage2;454
53.2;1. Introduction;454
53.3;2. Basic formula;455
53.4;3. Numerical simulations of cracks in bimaterial plates;458
53.5;4. Conclusions;462
53.6;References;463
54;Numerical Simulation of the Ductile Fracture Growth Using the Boundary Element Method;464
54.1;Gaëtan Hello1, Hocine Kebir1 and Laurent Chambon2;464
54.2;1. Introduction;464
54.3;2. Context and objectives;465
54.4;3. Solving elastoplastic problems in cracked structures;465
54.5;4. Numerical simulation of the ductile fracture;468
54.6;5. Conclusions;469
54.7;References;470
55;Enriched Finite Element for Modal Analysis of Cracked Plates;471
55.1;M. Bachene1, R. Tiberkak2, S. Rechak3, G. Maurice4 and B.K. Hachi5;471
55.2;1. Introduction;471
55.3;2. X-FEM formulation;472
55.4;3. Elements of stiffness and mass matrices;473
55.5;4. Numerical studies and results;475
55.6;5. Conclusions;478
55.7;References;479
56;A New Generation of 3D Composite Materials: Advantage and Disadvantage;480
56.1;Z. Aboura1, K. Khellil1, M.L. Benzeggagh1, A. Bouden2 and R. Ayad3;480
56.2;1. Introduction;480
56.3;2. Materials presentation;481
56.4;3. Mode I interlaminar fracture of stitched textile composite materials;482
56.5;4. Analysis of post-impact bending behavior;484
56.6;5. Conclusions;489
56.7;References;490
57;Benefit from Embedded Sensors to Study Polymeric Composite Structures;491
57.1;Francis Collombet1, Matthieu Mulle1, Hilario-Hernandez Moreno1, 2, Redouane Zitoune1, Bernard Douchin1 and Yves-Henri Grunevald3;491
57.2;1. Introduction;491
57.3;2. Preliminary issues;492
57.4;3. Process monitoring;494
57.5;4. Property identifications;499
57.6;5. Conclusions;501
57.7;References;502
58;Effect of Temperature and Initiator on Glass Fibre/Unsaturated Polyester Composite: Cross-linking, Mechanical Properties;503
58.1;Nabila Belloul1, Ali Ahmed-Benyahia2, Aicha Serier1 and Nourdine Ouali2;503
58.2;1. Introduction;503
58.3;2. Experimental;504
58.4;3. Results and discussion;506
58.5;4. Conclusions;510
58.6;References;510
59;Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of the Plane Strain Compression of Amorphous Polymers in the form of a Flat Plate;511
59.1;Nourdine Ouali, Krimo Azouaoui, Ali Ahmed Benyahia and Taoufik Boukharouba;511
59.2;1. Introduction;511
59.3;2. Plane strain compression test and material;512
59.4;3. Theoretical considerations;512
59.5;4. Results and discussion;515
59.6;5. Conclusions;518
59.7;References;518
60;Wavelet-Based Multifractal Identification of Fracture Stages;519
60.1;Djedjiga Ait Aouit and Abdeldjalil Ouahabi;519
60.2;1. Introduction;519
60.3;2. Materials and methods;520
60.4;3. Conclusions;527
60.5;References;528
61;Characterization of Mixed Mode Delamination Growth and Thresholds;529
61.1;M. Kenane1 and M.L. Benzeggagh2;529
61.2;1. Introduction;529
61.3;2. Experimental procedure;530
61.4;3. Results;532
61.5;4. Conclusions;535
61.6;References;535
62;Modification of Cellulose for an Application in the Waste Water Treatment;537
62.1;Lamia Timhadjelt, Aicha Serier, Karima Boumerdassi, Mohamed Serier and Zoubir Aîssani;537
62.2;1. Introduction;537
62.3;2. Material and methods;538
62.4;3. Results and discussions;539
62.5;4. Conclusions;544
62.6;References;544
63;A Full 3D Simulation of Plastic Forming Using a Heuristic Generalised Contact Algorithm;545
63.1;Tewfik Ghomari1, Rezak Ayad2 and Nabil Talbi3;545
63.2;1. Introduction;545
63.3;2. Basis 8 node hexahedral element in total lagrangian formulation (FLT);547
63.4;3. Tangent matrix;551
63.5;4. Discretization;553
63.6;References;558
64;A Novel Approach for Bone Remodeling After Prosthetic Implantation;559
64.1;Habiba Bougherara1, Václav Klika2, František Maršík3, Ivo A. Marík4 and L’Hocine Yahia5;559
64.2;1. Introduction;559
64.3;2. Materials and methods;561
64.4;3. Results and discussion;566
64.5;4. Conclusions;570
64.6;References;570
65;Hybrid Composite-Metal Hip Resurfacing Implant for Active Patient;572
65.1;Habiba Bougherara1, Marcello Papini1, Michael Olsenb2, Radovan Zdero2, Paul Zalzal3 and Emil H. Schemitsch2,;572
65.2;1. Introduction;572
65.3;2. Material and methods;573
65.4;3. Results;575
65.5;4. Discussion;576
65.6;5. Conclusions;577
65.7;References;577
66;Anisotropic and Unilateral Damage Application to Concrete;578
66.1;O. Bélaidi Chabane Chaouche1, N.E. Hannachi1 and Y. Labadi2;578
66.2;1. Introduction;578
66.3;2. The damage model;579
66.4;3. Damage evolution laws;582
66.5;4. Numerical results;583
66.6;5. Conclusions;585
66.7;References;586
67;The Behaviour of Self-Compacting Concrete Subjected to an External Sulphate Attack;588
67.1;Riçal Khelifa1, 2, Xavier Brunetaud1, Hocine Chabil2 and Muzahim Al-Mukhtar1;588
67.2;1. Introduction;588
67.3;2. Experimental programs;589
67.4;3. Experimental results;590
67.5;4. Discussions and conclusions;593
67.6;References;594
68;Mixed Finite Element for Cracked Interface;596
68.1;S. Bouziane1, H. Bouzerd1 and M. Guenfoud2;596
68.2;1. Introduction;596
68.3;2. Formulation of the interface element;597
68.4;3. Virtual crack extension method;600
68.5;4. Numerical examples;600
68.6;5. Conclusions;604
68.7;References;604
69;Three-Dimensional T-Stress to Predict the Directional Stability of Crack Propagation in a Pipeline with External Surface Crack;606
69.1;M. Hadj Meliani1, 4, H. Moustabchir4, A. Ghoul2, S. Harriri3 and Z. Azari4;606
69.2;1. Introduction;606
69.3;2. Bibliography reviews;607
69.4;3. Experimental tests;609
69.5;4. Finite element analysis;611
69.6;5. Results and discussions;612
69.7;6. Conclusions;614
69.8;References;615