Boynton / McKeehan / Whitfield Ions, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7748-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 566 Seiten, Web PDF

Ions, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer present the credibility of ions as specific regulators of cell proliferation. This book provides an understanding of the control of cell proliferation and the deregulated proliferation of cancer cells. Organized into three sections encompassing 32 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the important role that ions in animal cells play in a variety of fundamental processes associated with essential cell functions. This text then examines the relationship between ionic events and cellular production, specifically in mammalian cell systems. Other chapters consider the development of atomic absorption spectrophotometry as a method for measuring inorganic cations. This book discusses as well the two widely applicable methods for measuring free concentrations of ions inside cells. The final chapter deals with magnesium ion as the most abundant divalent action in living cells. This book is a valuable resource for animal cell biologists, molecular biologists, and research workers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Boynton, Alton L.

McKeehan, Wallace L.

Whitfield, James F.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Ions, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors;10
6;Preface;14
7;Section I: Methodology;16
7.1;CHAPTER 1. DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE STATE OF 23Na+ IONS IN INTACT CELLSAND TISSUES BY NONINVASlVE NMR SPECTROSCOPY: INTRACELLULAR Na+ IONS IN HUMAN NORMAL AND LEUKEMIC LYMPHOCYTES;18
7.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;18
7.1.2;II. NMR OBSERVATION OF INTRACELLULAR 23Na+;19
7.1.3;III. 23Na+ IONS IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES;20
7.1.4;IV. Na+ IONS IN HUMAN NORMAL AND LEUKEMIC LYMPHOCYTES;23
7.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;28
7.1.6;REFERENCES;29
7.2;CHAPTER 2. ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY IN THE STUDY OF THE IONICREGULATION OF GROWTH IN NORMAL AND TUMOR CELLS;30
7.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;30
7.2.2;II. REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF THE LITERATURE ONTHE IONIC REGULATION OF CELL REPRODUCTION;31
7.2.3;III. ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY FOR MEASURING IONS IN CELLS;44
7.2.4;IV. ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES RELATED TO THE IONIC REGULATION OF CELL REPRODUCTION INNORMAL AND TUMOR CELLS;48
7.2.5;V. SUMMARY;51
7.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;54
7.2.7;REFERENCES;54
7.3;CHAPTER 3. ATOMIC ABSORPTION MEASUREMENT OF CATIONS IN CULTURED CELLS;58
7.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;58
7.3.2;II. INSTRUMENTATION;59
7.3.3;III. INTERFERENCES;61
7.3.4;IV. APPLICATION TO CULTURED CELLS;64
7.3.5;V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;68
7.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;68
7.3.7;REFERENCES;69
7.4;CHAPTER 4. ION–SELECTIVE MICROELECTRODES AND FLUORESCENT PROBES FORMEASUREMENT OF INTRACELLULAR ION ACTIVITIES;70
7.4.1;INTRODUCTION;70
7.4.2;MICROELECTRODES;71
7.4.3;FLUORESCENT PROBES;74
7.4.4;REFERENCES;80
7.5;CHAPTER 5. INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM MEASUREMENTS USING NMRSPECTROSCOPY OF FLUORINE–LABELLED CHELATORS;82
7.5.1;I. INTRODUCTION;82
7.5.2;II. NMR CHARACTERISATION OF THE nFBAPTA ANALOGUES;84
7.5.3;III. DISCUSSION;91
7.5.4;REFERENCES;92
7.6;CHAPTER 6. TECHNIQUES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION,CALCIUM FLUXES AND CYTOSOLIC-FREE CALCIUM IN MAMMALIAN CELLS;94
7.6.1;I. CELLULAR CALCIUM METABOLISM;94
7.6.2;II. MEASUREMENT OF 40CALCIUM IN CELLS AND IN SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS;96
7.6.3;III. KINETIC ANALYSES OF STEADY STATE 45CALCIUM FLUXES;97
7.6.4;IV. NON STEADY STATE STUDIES WITH 45CALCIUM;101
7.6.5;V. MEASUREMENT OF CYTOSOLIC FREE CALCIUM;105
7.6.6;VI. CONCLUSIONS;108
7.6.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;108
7.6.8;REFERENCES;108
8;Section II: Monovalent Ions, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer;110
8.1;CHAPTER 7. MONOVALENT CATIONS,CELL PROLIFERATION AND CANCER: AN OVERVIEW;112
8.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;112
8.1.2;II. MONOVALENT CATIONS AND EARLY SIGNALLING;113
8.1.3;III. CARCINOGENESIS: THE LINEAGE PROBLEM;117
8.1.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;119
8.1.5;REFERENCES;119
8.2;CHAPTER 8. MONOVALENT CATIONS AND THE CONTROL OF HEPATOCYTE PROLIFERATION IN CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIUM;122
8.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;122
8.2.2;II. GROWTH REINITIATION ASSAYS;123
8.2.3;III. RAPID CHANGES IN MONOVALENT CATIONS;123
8.2.4;IV. EVIDENCE THAT RAPID IONIC CHANGES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INITIATING DNA SYNTHESIS;135
8.2.5;V. POSSIBLE LINKAGE MECHANISMS BETWEENEARLY ION PERMEABILITY CHANGES AND THE INITIATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS;140
8.2.6;VI. SIGNAL-2;146
8.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;147
8.2.8;REFERNECES;147
8.3;CHAPTER 9. THE POTASSIUM–SENSITIVITY–SHIFT AND OTHER MATTERS;150
8.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;150
8.3.2;II. MATERIALS AND METHODS;152
8.3.3;III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;154
8.3.4;IV. FINAL COMMENTS;166
8.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;167
8.3.6;REFERENCES;167
8.4;10. Na+ /H+ EXCHANGE IN THE ACTION OF GROWTH FACTORS ;170
8.4.1;I. INTRODUCTION;170
8.4.2;II. RAPID ELECTRICAL EVENTS;171
8.4.3;III. Na+ AND K+ FLUXES;173
8.4.4;IV. THE Na+/h + EXCHANGER;175
8.4.5;V. GROWTH FACTORS, Na+ /H+ EXCHANGE and pH.;178
8.4.6;REFERENCES;180
8.5;CHAPTER 11. HORMONAL REGULATION OF Na+–DEPENDENT TRANSPORT IN HEPATOCYTES AND HEPATOMA CELLSI;182
8.5.1;I. INTRODUCTION;182
8.5.2;II. ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES AND HEPATOMA CELLS;183
8.5.3;III. REGULATION OF AMINO ACID TRANSPORT ACTIVITY;184
8.5.4;IV. REGULATION OF (Na+, K+) ATPase TRANSPORT ACTIVITY;190
8.5.5;V. CONCLUSIONS;191
8.5.6;REFERENCES;192
8.6;CHAPTER 12. INTRACELLULAR POTASSIUM ACTIVITY DURING LIVER REGENERATION;194
8.6.1;I. INTRODUCTION;194
8.6.2;II. METHODS;195
8.6.3;III. RESULTS;198
8.6.4;IV. DISCUSSION;202
8.6.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;204
8.6.6;REFERENCES;204
8.7;CHAPTER 13. RANSEPITHELIAL ION TRANSPORT AND DIFFERENTIATION IN EPITHELIALCELL CULTURES;206
8.7.1;I. INTRODUCTION;206
8.7.2;II. STIMULATION OF DOME FORMATION BY INDUCERSOF OF DIFERENTIATION;208
8.7.3;III. EXPRESSION OF A SPECIFIC, INDUCIBLE DIFFERENTIATED TRANSPORT FUNCTION IN KIDNEY EPITHELIAL CELL CULTURES;211
8.7.4;IV. Mechanisms of Induction;214
8.7.5;V. A MODEL FOR IONIC EVENTS ACCOMPANYING CELL DIFFERENTIATION;218
8.7.6;REFERENCES;220
8.8;CHAPTER 14. Na+ ,K+ ,H+ AND PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE GROWTH FACTOR–INDUCED GO/G1 TRANSITION IN FIBROBLASTS;224
8.8.1;I. INTRODUCTION;224
8.8.2;II. MATERIAL AND METHODS;225
8.8.3;III. RESULTS;226
8.8.4;IV. DISCUSSION;234
8.8.5;REFERENCES;236
8.8.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;237
8.9;CHAPTER 15. RELATION BETWEEN K+, Na+, Ca2+1, AND PROLIFERATION OF NORMAL AND TRANSFORMED 3T3 MOUSE CELLS;238
8.9.1;I. INTRODUCTION;238
8.9.2;II. CELLULAR SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME;239
8.9.3;III. CELLULAR CONCENTRATIONS OF ALKALI–IONS AND PROLIFERATION;247
8.9.4;IV. REGULATION OF PASSIVE CATION TRANSPORT BY EXTERNAL Ca2+ CONCENTRATION;254
8.9.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;262
8.9.6;REFERENCES;262
8.10;CHAPTER 16. THE INVOLVEMENT OF CA+2 IN TIlE SERUM STIMULATION OF NA+ INFLUX IN HUMAN FIBROBLASTS;264
8.10.1;I. INTRODUCTION;264
8.10.2;II. SERUM STIMULATES 0NE OF TWO NA+ INFLUX PATHWAYS;265
8.10.3;III. ACTIVATION OF NA+ INFLUX IN SERUM–FREEMEDIUM BY PURIFIED MITOGENS;267
8.10.4;IV. ACTIVATION OF NA+ INFLUX IN SERUM-FREEMEDIUM BY A23187;268
8.10.5;V. EFFECT OF CALMODULIN ANTAGONISTS ON THE SERUM STIMULATION OF NA+ INFLUX;269
8.10.6;VI. EFFECT ON INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM ANTAGONISTS ON THE MITOGEN STIMULATION OF NA+ INFLUX;272
8.10.7;VII. SUMMARY;273
8.10.8;REFERENCES;275
8.11;CHAPTER 17. MONOVALENT ION FLUXES, CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES AND THE STIMULATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN QUIESCENT CELLS;278
8.11.1;1. INTRODUCTION;278
8.11.2;II. Na INFLUX AND THE REGULATION OF THENa-K PUMP ACTIVITY BY SERUM AND GROWTH FACTORS IN QUIESCENT CELLS;279
8.11.3;III. MONOVALENT ION FLUXES AND INITIATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS;283
8.11.4;REFERENCES;297
9;Section III: Divalent Ions, Cell Proliferation, and Cancer;302
9.1;CHAPTER 18. THE ROLES OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUMIN CELL PROLIFERATION: AN OVERVIEW;304
9.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;304
9.1.2;II. CALCIUM THE TRIGGER-MAGNESIUM THE COFACTOR;305
9.1.3;III. CALCIUM AND THE G1 PHASE;306
9.1.4;IV. CALCIUM AND THE S, G2 AND M PHASES;311
9.1.5;V. CALCIUM AND NORMAL CELL PROLIFERATION;311
9.1.6;VI. CALCIUM, CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS AND CANCER;312
9.1.7;REFERENCES;313
9.2;CHAPTER 19. EGGS ARE ACTIVATED BY A CALCIUM EXPLOSION; CARCINOGENESIS MAY INVOLVE CALCIUM ADAPTATION AND HABITUATION;316
9.2.1;I. EGG ACTIVATION;316
9.2.2;II. CARCINOGENESIS;323
9.2.3;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;328
9.2.4;REFERENCES;329
9.3;CHAPTER 20. IONIC LOGIC IN ACTIVATION OF THE CELL CYCLE;332
9.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;332
9.3.2;II. IONIC CONTROLS AT FERTILIZATION;333
9.3.3;III. Intracellular pH and the cell cycle;339
9.3.4;IV. Conclusions;344
9.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;345
9.3.6;REFERENCES;345
9.4;CHAPTER 21. THE CASCADE OF EVENTS INITIATED BY RISESIN CYTOSOLIC Ca+2 AND pH FOLLOWING FERTILIZATION IN SEA URCHIN EGGS;348
9.4.1;I. INTRODUCTION;348
9.4.2;II. EVIDENCE FOR A CALCIUM RISE AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN EGG ACTIVATION;349
9.4.3;III. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CONSEQUENCESOF THE Ca+2 RISE;350
9.4.4;IV. pH REGULATION BY INTRACELLULAR GRANULE ACIDIFICATION;354
9.4.5;V. SUMMARY;355
9.4.6;REFERENCES;359
9.5;CHAPTER 22. CALCIUM, PHOSPHATE AND CELL PROLIFERATION;362
9.5.1;INTRODUCTION;362
9.5.2;IONIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DNA-SYNTHESIS AND MITOSIS;365
9.5.3;REFERENCES;377
9.6;CHAPTER 23. THE STIMULATION OF NEONATAL RAT HEPATOCYTE DNA SYNTHESIS AND DIVISION BY EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR(EGF), GLUCAGON AND INSULIN IS CALCIUM–DEPENDENT;380
9.6.1;I. INTRODUCTION;380
9.6.2;II. MATERIALS AND METHODS;381
9.6.3;III. RESULTS;383
9.6.4;IV. DISCUSSION;391
9.6.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;395
9.6.6;REFERENCES;395
9.7;CHAPTER 24. PHOSPHOLIPASE AND PROSTAGL AND IN SYNTHESIS IN THE STIMULATION OF CELL PROLIFERATION BY PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR: THE ROLE OF CALCIUM;398
9.7.1;I. INTRODUCTION;398
9.7.2;II. STIMULATION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE IN 3T3 CELLS BY PDGF;402
9.7.3;III. Calcium Dependence of PGDF-Stimulated PLase;409
9.7.4;IV. Implications for the Studies on the Regulation of Cell Proliferation and the Mechanism of Oncogenic Transformation In Vitro;414
9.7.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;415
9.7.6;REFERENCES;415
9.8;CHAPTER 25. CALCIUM AND LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION;418
9.8.1;I. INTRODUCTION;418
9.8.2;II. CALCIUM MEASUREMENTS;421
9.8.3;III. RECEPTOR CROSS-LINKING AND MITOGENIC STIMULATION;431
9.8.4;IV. CONCLUSIONS;435
9.8.5;REFERENCES;436
9.9;CHAPTER 26. MEDIATION BY CALCICALMODULIN AND CYCLIC AMP OF TUMOR PROMOTER-INDUCED DNA SYNTHESIS IN CALCIUM-DEPRIVED RAT LIVER CELLS;438
9.9.1;I. INTRODUCTION;438
9.9.2;II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;438
9.9.3;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;451
9.9.4;REFERENCES;451
9.10;CHAPTER 27. CYCLIC AMP AND ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE IN CELL PROLIFERATIONI;454
9.10.1;I. INTRODUCTION;454
9.10.2;II. CYCLIC AMP AS A POSITIVE MODULATOR OF PROLIFERATION;454
9.10.3;III. ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE;459
9.10.4;REFERENCES;463
9.11;CHAPTER 28. CALMODULIN IS AN IMPORTANT REGULATORY MOLECULEIN CELL PROLIFERATION;470
9.11.1;I. INTRODUCTION;470
9.11.2;II. CALMODULIN DURING NORMAL CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION;471
9.11.3;III- CALMODULIN DURING PLATEAU ENTRY AND RELEASE;477
9.11.4;REFERENCES;483
9.12;CHAPTER 29. CALMODULIN AND CALMODULIN–BINDING PROTEINSIN NORMAL AND VIRUS–TRANSFORMED FIBROBLASTS: LEVELS, SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION, AND REGULATION;486
9.12.1;I. INTRODUCTION;486
9.12.2;II. MATERIALS AND METHODS;488
9.12.3;III. RESULTS;491
9.12.4;IV. DISCUSSION;502
9.12.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;506
9.12.6;REFERENCES;507
9.13;CHAPTER 30. CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS AND CELL PROLIFERATION;510
9.13.1;I. INTRODUCTION;510
9.13.2;II. ASSAY OF CALMODULIN AND ONCOMODULIN;512
9.13.3;III. CELL PROLIFERATION AND CALCIUM;514
9.13.4;IV. CALMODULIN AND ONCOMODULIN CONTENT OF TUMOURS;514
9.13.5;V. CALMODULIN DURING CELL PROLIFERATION;518
9.13.6;VI. CONCLUSION;518
9.13.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;518
9.13.8;REFERENCES;519
9.14;CHAPTER 31. EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM REGULATES GROWTH AND TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION OF CULTURED MOUSE EPIDERMAL CELLS;520
9.14.1;I. INTRODUCTION;520
9.14.2;II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;521
9.14.3;III. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;535
9.14.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;537
9.14.5;REFERENCES;537
9.15;CHAPTER 32. THE ROLE OF MAGNESIUM IN CELL PROLIFERATION AND TRANSFORMATION;538
9.15.1;I. INTRODUCTION;538
9.15.2;II. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;553
9.15.3;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;555
9.15.4;REFERENCES;557
10;Index;560