Brenner Adsorption Calculations and Modelling

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9224-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 288 Seiten, Web PDF

'Adsorption Calculations and Modelling' provides readers with practical, useful information about how to make adsorption calculations and formulate models describing adsorption processes. Unlike most books on this subject, this book treats both gas phase adsorption and liquid phase adsorption with equal emphasis, and supplies a rigorous treatment of multi-component adsorption. It also covers adsorption applications in environmental applications including the use of impregnated adsorbents for protection against toxic gases and carbon adsorption in water and wastewater treatment.Explores the most up-to-date information on multicomponent adsorption Details adsorption applications in environmental application Explains the fundamentals of adsorption calculation in a simple, straightforward manner.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Brenner, Howard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Adsorption Calculations and Modeling;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;PREFACE;12
6;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION;14
6.1;1.1. Adsorption as a Separation Process;14
6.2;1.2. Adsorption versus Absorption;15
6.3;1.3. Adsorption versus Distillation;15
6.4;1.4. Adsorption versus Granular Filtration;15
6.5;1.5. Application of Adsorption;16
6.6;References;20
7;CHAPTER 2. THERMODYNAMICS OF ADSORPTION;22
7.1;Scope;22
7.2;Notations;22
7.3;2.1. Basic Relationships;22
7.4;2.2. Gibbs Equation for Spreading Pressure;24
7.5;2.3. Heats of Adsorption;24
7.6;References;27
8;CHAPTER 3. REPRESENTATION, CORRELATION, AND PREDICTION OF SINGLE-COMPONENT ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM DATA;28
8.1;Scope;28
8.2;Notations;28
8.3;3.1. Isotherm Expressions of Gas Adsorption;29
8.4;3.2. Isotherm Expressions of Liquid Adsorption;39
8.5;3.3. Sources of Isotherm Data;41
8.6;3.4. Adsorption of Ions from Aqueous Solutions;42
8.7;References;54
9;CHAPTER 4. MULTICOMPONENT ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM AND CALCULATIONS;56
9.1;Scope;56
9.2;Notations;56
9.3;4.1. Types of Calculations Involving Multicomponent Adsorption Equilibrium;57
9.4;4.2. Extended Langmuir Equation;58
9.5;4.3. Extended Langmuir-Freundlich Equation;59
9.6;4.4. Vacancy Solution Theory;60
9.7;4.5. Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory;62
9.8;4.6. Potential Theory;69
9.9;4.7. Multicomponent Adsorption of Gas Mixtures on Heterogeneous Surfaces;72
9.10;4.8. Adsorption of Organic Vapor in the Presence of Water Vapor;75
9.11;4.9. Adsorption of Weak Organic Electrolytes from Aqueous Solutions;79
9.12;References;80
9.13;Appendix 4.A. An Example of Incorporating the IAS Theory into Adsorption Calculations;81
9.14;Appendix 4.B. Adsorption Equilibrium Calculations of Gas Mixtures Based on the IAS Theory;81
10;CHAPTER 5. ADSORBATE TRANSPORT: ITS ADSORPTION AND RATES;84
10.1;Scope;84
10.2;Notations;84
10.3;5.1. Interpellet Mass Transfer;85
10.4;5.2. Interphase Mass Transfer;87
10.5;5.3. Intrapellet Mass Transfer;91
10.6;5.4. Intrapellet Mass Transfer—Pellets with Nonuniform Pores;95
10.7;5.5. Adsorption Rate;97
10.8;References;98
11;CHAPTER 6. MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION OF ADSORPTION PROCESSES;100
11.1;Scope;100
11.2;Notations;100
11.3;6.1. Equations of Adsorbent Pellet;101
11.4;6.2. Macroscopic Conservation of Fluid Phase;104
11.5;6.3. Governing Equations of Adsorption Processes—Examples;109
11.6;6.4. Residence-Time Distribution of Pellets in Continuous-Flow Tanks;111
11.7;References;111
12;CHAPTER 7. ADSORPTION CALCULATIONS IN BATCH AND CONTINUOUS-FLOW TANKS;112
12.1;Scope;112
12.2;Notations;112
12.3;7.1. Single-Species Batch Adsorption with Linear Isotherms;113
12.4;7.2. Numerical Solutions of Batch Adsorption—Single-Species Case;119
12.5;7.3. Numerical Solutions of Multicomponent Adsorption in Batch;122
12.6;7.4. Approximate Solutions of Batch Adsorption—Application of the Linear Driving Force Model;125
12.7;7.5. Further Work on the Approximate Solutions of Adsorption in Batch;128
12.8;7.6. Adsorption in Continuous-Flow Tanks;131
12.9;References;132
13;CHAPTER 8. FIXED-BED ADSORPTION CALCULATIONS;134
13.1;Scope;134
13.2;Notations;134
13.3;8.1. Empirical and Approximate Methods;136
13.4;8.2. Equilibrium Solutions of Fixed-Bed Adsorption;142
13.5;8.3. Fixed-Bed Adsorption with Mass-Transfer Effect—A Single-Species Case;153
13.6;8.4. Fixed-Bed Multicomponent Adsorption;168
13.7;8.5. Pressure-Swing Adsorption Calculations;171
13.8;References;179
14;CHAPTER 9. CHARACTERIZATION AND ADSORPTION CALCULATIONS OF SOLUTIONS WITH UNKNOWN COMPOSITION;180
14.1;Scope;180
14.2;Notations;180
14.3;9.1. Representation of Adsorbates as a Continuum;181
14.4;9.2. Representation of Background Organics;183
14.5;9.3. Pseudospecies Representation of Solutions with Unknown Composition;189
14.6;9.4. Adsorption Calculations Based on Characterization Results;197
14.7;References;200
14.8;Appendix 9.A. Proof that cTx(k) is Always Less than cTcc for k.M=M;200
14.9;Appendix 9.B. Simplified Method for Determining Concentration Density Function from Incremental Batch Adsorption Data;200
15;CHAPTER 10. ADSORPTION WITH CHEMICAL REACTIONS;202
15.1;Scope;202
15.2;Notations;202
15.3;10.1. Classification of Toxic Chemical Agents;203
15.4;10.2. Modifications of Adsorbents by Impregnation;203
15.5;10.3. Adsorption Isotherms of Impregnated Carbon;204
15.6;10.4. Methods and Models for Correlating Chemical Agent Test Data—Earlier Works;206
15.7;10.5. A Simple Model of the Retention of Toxic Gases by Modified Carbon in Fixed Beds;209
15.8;10.6. Adsorption with Infinitely Fast Chemical Reaction— Single-Pellet Analysis;212
15.9;10.7. Fast-Reaction Model of Adsorption with Chemical Reaction in Fixed Beds;218
15.10;10.8. Comparisons between Model Predictions and Experiments;221
15.11;References;222
15.12;Appendix 10.A. Intraparticle Concentration Profile for the Case NBi=1;222
16;CHAPTER 11. ADSORPTION WITH BIOLOGICAL GROWTH;224
16.1;Scope;224
16.2;Notations;224
16.3;11.1. Effect of Biological Growth in Adsorption Processes;225
16.4;11.2. Kinetics of Biofilm Growth;227
16.5;11.3. Bed Expansion and Bed Porosity Changes as a Result of Biomass Growth;230
16.6;11.4. Adsorption with Biological Growth in Continuous-Flow Tanks;233
16.7;11.5. Adsorption with Biological Growth in Expanded Beds;234
16.8;11.6. Adsorption with Bacterial Growth in Fluidized Beds;238
16.9;References;247
16.10;Appendix 11.A. Equations Used to Obtain Substrate Concentration Profiles in Fluidized Beds;247
17;ADSORPTION COMPUTER PROGRAMS;250
17.1;Part I. Equilibrium Adsorption Calculations;250
17.2;Part II. Batch Adsorption Calculations;252
17.3;Part III. Fixed-Bed Adsorption Calculations;253
18;INDEX;254