Briant Embrittlement of Engineering Alloys

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8865-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 623 Seiten, Web PDF

Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Volume 25: Embrittlement of Engineering Alloys is an 11-chapter text that describes some situations that produce premature failure of several engineering alloys, including steels and nickel- and aluminum-base alloys. Chapters 1 to 3 consider situations where improper alloy composition, processing, and/or heat treatment can lead to a degradation of mechanical properties, even in the absence of an aggressive environment or an elevated temperature. Chapters 4 and 5 examine the effect of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of both ferrous and nonferrous alloys. Chapters 6 and 7 discuss the effects of corrosive environments on both stressed and unstressed materials. In these environments anodic dissolution is the primary step that leads to failure. Chapters 8 to 10 deal with the effects of aggressive environments that lead to enhanced decohesion or embrittlement of the metal, such as hydrogen, liquid metal, and irradiation-induced embrittlement. Chapter 11 looks into the embrittlement phenomena occurring during welding, one of the most common processing conditions to which a material could be subjected. This book will prove useful to materials scientists and researchers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Briant, C. L.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Embrittlement of Engineering Alloys;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;List of Contributors;12
7;Preface;14
8;Chapter I. Grain-Boundary Embrittlement of Ni and Ni Alloys;16
8.1;I. Introduction;16
8.2;II. Embrittlement at Low And Intermediate Temperatures;18
8.3;III. Hot Workability of Ni Alloys;26
8.4;IV. Beneficial Elements;29
8.5;V. Summary;32
8.6;References;33
9;Chapter 2. Intergranular Fracture in Ferrous Alloys in Nonaggressive Environments;36
9.1;I. Introduction;36
9.2;II. Experimental Studies;38
9.3;III. Theoretical Studies;61
9.4;IV. Future Research;70
9.5;References;71
10;Chapter 3. The Effect of Second-Phase Particles on Fracture in Engineering Alloys;74
10.1;I. Introduction;74
10.2;II. Steels;76
10.3;III. Aluminum Alloys;85
10.4;IV. Superalloys;91
10.5;V. Titanium Alloys;131
10.6;VI. Concluding Remarks;133
10.7;References;134
11;Chapter 4. Embrittlement of Ferrous Alloys under Creep Conditions;140
11.1;I. Introduction;140
11.2;II. Effects of Temperature, Strain Rate, and Stress State;142
11.3;III. Effects of Microstructure;149
11.4;IV. Grain-Boundary Impurity Effects;158
11.5;V. Summary;166
11.6;References;167
12;Chapter 5. Environmental Embrittlement of High Temperature Alloys by Oxygen;172
12.1;I. Introduction;172
12.2;II. Oxygen Embrittlement by Prior Exposure;174
12.3;III. Prevention of Embrittlement;189
12.4;IV. Mechanisms of Oxygen Embrittlement;193
12.5;V. Embrittlement during Melting and Processing;200
12.6;VI. Embrittlement during Creep and Fatigue Testing;202
12.7;VII. Implications for Design and Life Prediction;209
12.8;References;211
13;Chapter
6. Corrosion of Iron-Base Alloys;216
13.1;I. Foreword;216
13.2;II. Introduction to the Electrochemistry of Corrosion;217
13.3;III. Corrosion of Iron;223
13.4;IV. Stainless Steels;232
13.5;References;244
14;Chapter 7. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Iron-Base Alloys in Aqueous Environments;250
14.1;I. Introduction;250
14.2;II. Subcritical Crack Propagation Mechanisms in Ductile Steel-Aqueous Environment Systems;252
14.3;III. Mechanistic Aspects of Cracking in Ductile Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Stainless Steels in Aqueous Environments;268
14.4;IV. Conclusions;280
14.5;References;281
15;Chapter
8. Hydrogen Embrittlement;290
15.1;I. Introduction;290
15.2;II. The Process of Hydrogen Embrittlement;292
15.3;III. Hydrogen Embrittlement of Specific Structural Alloys;313
15.4;IV. Methods of Reducing the Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement;369
15.5;References;371
16;Chapter
9. Liquid Metol Embrittlement;376
16.1;I. Introduction;377
16.2;II. Occurrence of Liquid Metal Embrittlement;381
16.3;III. Mechanisms of Liquid Metal Embrittlement;385
16.4;IV. Brittle Fracture in Liquid Metal Environments;397
16.5;V. Effects of Metallurgical and Physical Factors;407
16.6;VI. Effects of Liquid Metal Environments;430
16.7;VII. Summary;440
16.8;VIII. Suggestions for Future Work;442
16.9;References;444
16.10;Appendix. A Summary of Literature;446
16.11;Appendix References;470
17;Chapter
10. Irradiation Embrittlement;476
17.1;I. Introduction;477
17.2;II. Potential Factors Influencing Alloy Irradiation Response;481
17.3;III. Radiation Effects Trends: Early Studies;482
17.4;IV. Observations of Variable Radiation Resistance;498
17.5;V. Sources of Variable Radiation Resistance;502
17.6;VI. Development of Improved (Radiation Resistant) Steels;514
17.7;VII. Reversal of Irradiation Effects to Properties;522
17.8;VIII. In-Service Monitoring of Radiation Effects;528
17.9;IX. Guides for Prediction of Property Changes by Irradiation;529
17.10;X. Standards Development Activities in Support of Radiation Service Applications;532
17.11;XI. Research Directions and Unresolved Issues;532
17.12;References;533
18;Chapter
11. Embrittlement of Welds;540
18.1;I. Introduction;540
18.2;II. Hot Cracking;547
18.3;III. Intermediate Temperature Cracking;579
18.4;IV. Cold Cracking;594
18.5;V. Concluding Remarks;607
18.6;References;608
19;Index;616
20;Contents of Previous Volumes;630