Carel / Kelly / Christen Deciphering Growth

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-540-28902-9
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 155 Seiten

Reihe: Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions

Growth is a complex process that is essential to life. Not only does size play an important role in the process of cellular proliferation, but body size is also a critical factor in determining which organisms live longer. Evolution has been characterised by a dramatic increase in an organism's body size, which is not only limited to the size of the brain.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Carel, Jean-Claude

Christen, Yves

Carel, J. -C.

Kelly, Paul A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Contributors;9
4;Evolutionary Trends in Body Size;14
4.1;Summary;14
4.2;Introduction;14
4.3;Body size trends;17
4.4;Identifying trends;18
4.5;Body size and diversity;24
4.6;Human impacts;27
4.7;Conclusions;28
4.8;Acknowledgements;29
4.9;References;29
5;Sexual Dimorphism in the Growth of Homo sapiens: Facts, Inferences and Speculation;32
5.1;Summary;32
5.2;Introduction;32
5.3;Sexual dimorphism in primates;33
5.4;Sexual dimorphism in H. sapiens;35
5.5;Molecular and biochemical basis for dimorphic growth;36
5.6;References;38
6;Genetic Control of Size at Birth;40
6.1;Summary;40
6.2;Introduction;41
6.3;Maternal uterine environment;42
6.4;Maternal genes and size at birth;43
6.5;Fetal genes and size at birth;45
6.6;Conclusions;47
6.7;References;49
7;The GH/ IGF- 1 Axis: Insights from Animal Models;54
7.1;Summary;54
7.2;Introduction;54
7.3;Insulin- like pathways control growth;56
7.4;Somatotrope control of IGF and growth;57
7.5;IGF- 1R mutations in mice;59
7.6;Overview;62
7.7;References;62
8;Downstream Mechanisms of Growth Hormone Action;66
8.1;Summary;66
8.2;Introduction;66
8.3;JAK2 is essential for initiating GHR signaling;68
8.4;MAPK- ERK1/2 pathway in GHR signaling;68
8.5;Role of PI3K-AKT pathway in GH action;69
8.6;Critical role of STAT5b in mediating GH action;69
8.7;Conclusions;72
8.8;References;74
9;Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling and Differential Actions in Target Tissues Compared to IGF- I;78
9.1;Summary;78
9.2;Introduction;79
9.3;Receptors and Signaling Pathways;79
9.4;JAK STAT Pathway;80
9.5;MAP Kinase Pathway;80
9.6;Other Pathways;81
9.7;Bone Development and the Somatomedin Hypothesis Revisited;82
9.8;Muscle Growth And Differentiation;86
9.9;References;87
10;IGF- I and Brain Growth: Multifarious Effects on Developing Neural Cells and Mechanisms of Action;90
10.1;Summary;90
10.2;Introduction;90
10.3;IGF- I Transgenic and Gene- Targeted Mice;91
10.4;Diverse functions of IGF- I on multiple neural cell types;92
10.5;Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways for IGF- I Actions on Neural Cells;96
10.6;The PI3- Kinase Pathway and IGF Actions in the Brain;99
10.7;Conclusions;102
10.8;References;102
11;IGF- I Deficiency: Lessons from Human Mutations;108
11.1;Summary;108
11.2;Introduction;108
11.3;IGF- I gene mutations;109
11.4;Other mutations in the GH- IGF- I axis causing IGF- I deficiency and GH insensitivity;112
11.5;Conclusions;115
11.6;References;116
12;Putting IGF- I Biology into a Clinical Perspective;120
12.1;Introduction;120
12.2;IGF Parameters for the Diagnosis of GH Deficiency;121
12.3;Monitoring IGF- I levels on GH treatment;122
12.4;Cross-sectional Survey of IGF Monitoring;126
12.5;Conclusions;127
12.6;References;131
13;IGF Resistance: The Role of the Type 1 IGF Receptor;134
13.1;Summary;134
13.2;Introduction;135
13.3;References;141
14;The Importance of the National Cooperative Growth Study ( NCGS);144
14.1;Introduction;144
14.2;History;144
14.3;The NCGS Today;145
14.4;NCGS Substudies;146
14.5;NCGS Targeted Events;147
14.6;Importance of the NCGS: Conclusions;149
14.7;References;149
14.8;Appendix 1;150
15;Why we are Treating Children with Growth Hormone: Lessons from the French Registry;156
15.1;Summary;156
15.2;Introduction;156
15.3;Conclusion;162
15.4;Acknowledgments;162
15.5;References;162
16;Subject Index;166