Ceccaldi / Dekeyser / Girault Global Change: Mankind-Marine Environment Interactions

Proceedings of the 13th French-Japanese Oceanography Symposium
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-90-481-8630-3
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 370 Seiten

Based on the material presented at a conference organized by the Centre d'Océanologie of Marseille, held in 2008, this text covers a wealth of hot topics related to the way mankind interacts with the marine environment. With the state of our oceans and seas becoming an increasing source of concern worldwide, this timely addition to the debate features the latest research in both France and Japan. The book's chapters present work on many of the key areas of oceanographic study. The concept of marine biodiversity is treated, in particular how it is affected by human agency and invasive species, many of which have been introduced anthropogenically. Coastal zones are analyzed in detail, with a focus on the interaction between ports and natural environments, and the ecological and economical consequences of this relationship. A chapter on aquaculture looks at ecologically sound management as well as the preservation of resources. New and emerging technologies that aid our observation of the marine environment are covered, as is the physical, chemical, biological and biogeochemical functioning of natural and man-made environments. Featuring work by some of the leading researchers in the field from both France and Japan, this work demonstrates the strength of the links between the two scientific communities, and is an important contribution to the ongoing discussion on the effects of global warming as well as mankind's impact on the marine environment we depend on for so much.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ceccaldi, Hubert-Jean

Dekeyser, Ivan

Girault, Mathias

Stora, Georges

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Global Change:Mankind-MarineEnvironment Interactions;3
1.1;List of Chairmen;10
1.2;Foreword;11
1.3;Preface;23
1.4;Contents;27
1.5;Introduction;35
1.6;Aquaculture;43
1.6.1;A Few Examples of the Many Approaches to Salmon Resource Creation in Japan;44
1.6.1.1;1 Introduction;44
1.6.1.2;2 Materials and Methods;45
1.6.1.2.1;2.1 Bio-resources Characteristics Considered from the Changes in Rhodopsin Ratio;45
1.6.1.2.1.1;2.1.1 Materials;45
1.6.1.2.1.2;2.1.2 Analysis of Composition of Visual Pigment;46
1.6.1.2.2;2.2 Swimming Energy of Salmon Fry;46
1.6.1.2.2.1;2.2.1 Consumption of Oxygen;46
1.6.1.2.2.2;2.2.2 Consumption of Caloric Body Energy;47
1.6.1.3;3 Results and Discussion;47
1.6.1.3.1;3.1 Bio-resources Characteristics Considered from the Changes in Rhodopsin Ratio;47
1.6.1.3.2;3.1.1 Swimming Energy of Salmon Fry;49
1.6.1.4;References;52
1.6.2;Trials on New Methods for Seed Culture in Japanese Abalones;53
1.6.2.1;1 Introduction;53
1.6.2.2;2 First Experiment;54
1.6.2.2.1;2.1 Materials and Methods;54
1.6.2.2.2;2.2 Results and Conclusion of the First Experiment;54
1.6.2.3;3 Second Experiment;55
1.6.2.3.1;3.1 Materials and Methods;55
1.6.2.3.2;3.2 Results and Conclusions;56
1.6.2.4;4 Conclusion;57
1.6.2.5;References;57
1.6.3;A Multidisciplinary Approach for Anticipating the Presence of Genetically Modified Fish in France;58
1.6.3.1;1 Technological Reality;59
1.6.3.2;2 Risk of Fortuitous Presence and Effects on the Market;59
1.6.3.3;3 GMF Regulation;60
1.6.3.4;4 GMF Traceability;60
1.6.3.5;5 GMF and Ethics;62
1.6.3.6;6 Conclusions;62
1.6.3.7;References;62
1.6.4;Shrimp Aquaculture: From Extensive to Intensive Rearing, the Relationship with the Environment and The Key to Sustainability;63
1.6.4.1;1 Introduction;63
1.6.4.2;2 Results and Discussions;64
1.6.4.3;References;67
1.6.5;Quality Control of Cultured Fish by Feed Supplements;69
1.6.5.1;1 Introduction;69
1.6.5.2;2 Materials and Methods;69
1.6.5.2.1;2.1 Fish and Rearing Conditions;69
1.6.5.2.2;2.2 Biological Measurements;69
1.6.5.2.3;2.3 Vitality;69
1.6.5.2.4;2.4 Biochemical Measurement;70
1.6.5.3;3 Results and Discussion;70
1.6.5.3.1;3.1 Micro- and Macro-algae (Nakagawa et al., 2009);70
1.6.5.3.2;3.2 Chitin (Nakagawa et al., 2009);71
1.6.5.3.3;3.3 Lauric Acid (Ji et al., 2005);71
1.6.5.4;References;72
1.6.6;Experimental Culture of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis - Nordsted, 1844;73
1.6.6.1;1 Introduction;74
1.6.6.2;2 Results and Discussion;74
1.6.6.3;References;74
1.6.7;Problems Associated with the Recovery on Landings of Black Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) Intensively Released in Hiroshima Bay, Japan;75
1.6.7.1;1 The Stock Enhancement Programs in Japan;75
1.6.7.2;2 Stock Enhancement Programs for the Main Target Species;76
1.6.7.3;3 Black Sea Bream Abundance Constraints in Hiroshima Bay;76
1.6.7.3.1;3.1 Reduction of the Wholesale Price;76
1.6.7.3.2;3.2 Black Sea Bream as a Predator of Pacific Oyster and Short-Necked Clam;77
1.6.7.3.3;3.3 The Quality of Black Sea BreamMeat;77
1.6.7.3.4;3.4 Other Biological Constraints;78
1.6.7.4;4 Lessons and Recommendations;78
1.6.7.4.1;4.1 Before Implementing the Stock Enhancement Program;78
1.6.7.4.2;4.2 During the Development Process of the Stock Enhancement Program;79
1.6.7.5;References;80
1.6.8;Effect of Wavelength of Intermittent Light on the Growth and Fatty Acid Profile of the Haptophyte Isochrysis galbana;81
1.6.8.1;1 Introduction;81
1.6.8.2;2 Materials and Methods;81
1.6.8.3;3 Results;82
1.6.8.4;4 Conclusion;83
1.6.8.5;References;83
1.7;Artificial reefs;84
1.7.1;Profile of Payao (Floating Artificial Reef or Fish Attracting Device) Fisheries of the Philippines;85
1.7.1.1;1 Introduction;85
1.7.1.2;2 Fishery Sub-sectors;85
1.7.1.3;3 Payao Fisheries;86
1.7.1.4;4 Fisheries Production;86
1.7.1.5;5 Payao Distribution;87
1.7.1.6;6 Catch Composition;87
1.7.1.6.1;6.1 Size Distribution;88
1.7.1.6.2;6.2 Maturity Stages;88
1.7.1.7;7 Future Directions;88
1.7.1.8;References;88
1.7.2;Monitoring of the Artificial Reef Fish Assemblagesof the Marine Protected Areas Along the Alpes-MaritimesCoast (France, North-Western Mediterranean);90
1.7.2.1;1 Introduction;90
1.7.2.2;2 Materials and Methods;91
1.7.2.3;3 Results and Discussions;91
1.7.2.4;4 Conclusion;94
1.7.2.5;References;94
1.7.3;Artificial Reefs in French Law;95
1.7.3.1;1 Introduction;95
1.7.3.2;2 Immersion License;96
1.7.3.3;3 Granting Use of Maritime Public Domain Outside of Ports;97
1.7.3.4;4 Authorization of Marine Culture Exploitation;98
1.7.3.5;5 Conclusion;99
1.7.3.6;References;100
1.7.4;Contribution to the Planning of the Research in Artificial Reefs Programs;101
1.7.4.1;1 Introduction;101
1.7.4.2;2 Themas of Research;102
1.7.4.2.1;2.1 Coastal Oceanography;102
1.7.4.2.2;2.2 Physics;102
1.7.4.2.3;2.3 Sedimentology;103
1.7.4.2.4;2.4 Marine Biology;103
1.7.4.2.5;2.5 Physiology;103
1.7.4.2.6;2.6 Nutrition;103
1.7.4.2.7;2.7 Ecosystems and Role as Seminatural Park;104
1.7.4.2.8;2.8 Economy of These Submarine Animal Habitats;104
1.7.4.2.9;2.9 Management;104
1.7.4.2.10;2.10 Relationships with the Fishermen;104
1.7.4.2.11;2.11 Roles in Touristic Diving Activities;105
1.7.4.2.12;2.12 Juridic Status;105
1.7.4.3;3 Conclusions;105
1.7.4.4;References;105
1.7.5;Artificial Reefs in the Cote Bleue Marine Park: Assessment After 25 Years of Experiments and Scientific Monitoring;107
1.7.5.1;1 Introduction;107
1.7.5.2;2 Presentation of the Côte Bleue Marine Park;108
1.7.5.3;3 Description and Objectives of Artificial Reef Deployment;108
1.7.5.4;4 Main Results of Scientific Monitoring;110
1.7.5.4.1;4.1 Protection Reefs;110
1.7.5.4.2;4.2 Production Reefs;111
1.7.5.5;5 Conclusions;112
1.7.5.6;References;113
1.7.6;Artificial Reefs in Marseille: From Complex Natural Habitats to Concepts of Efficient Artificial Reef Design;114
1.7.7;The Dubai Underwater Observory Projects and Turtle Rehabilitation Unit;116
1.7.7.1;1 Introduction;116
1.7.7.2;2 Achievements;117
1.7.7.2.1;2.1 First Attempts;117
1.7.7.2.2;2.2 Positioning;117
1.7.7.3;3 Technical Description;118
1.7.7.4;4 Positioning Procedures;118
1.7.7.5;5 Discussion;120
1.7.7.6;6 Conclusions;120
1.7.7.7;References;120
1.7.8;Immersion of Artificial Reef in Ohya Island: Lessons From New Experiences;121
1.7.8.1;2 Introduction;121
1.7.8.2;3 Experiments;121
1.7.8.2.1;3.1 General Framework;121
1.7.8.2.2;3.2 Steps of Experiments;122
1.7.8.2.3;3.3 Following Observations;122
1.7.8.3;4 Conclusions;127
1.7.8.4;References;127
1.7.9;Development of Small and Lightweight Artificial Reeffor Fukutokobushi (Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor);128
1.7.9.1;1 Introduction;128
1.7.9.2;2 Materials and Methods;128
1.7.9.3;3 Results and Discussion;128
1.7.9.4;4 Conclusion;129
1.7.9.5;Reference;129
1.7.10;Assessment of the Effect of Artificial Reef on Fish Distribution: The Combined Use of Acoustic Data and GIS;130
1.7.10.1;1 Introduction;130
1.7.10.2;2 The Assessment of the Fishing Ground Development in the Horizontal Plane;130
1.7.10.3;3 The Assessment of the Fishing Ground Development in the Vertical Plane;132
1.7.10.4;4 Discussion;133
1.7.10.5;References;134
1.7.11;Evaluation of Artificial Reefs Impact on Artisanal Fisheries: Necessity of Complementary Approaches;135
1.7.11.1;1 Introduction;135
1.7.11.2;2 Materials and Methods;136
1.7.11.2.1;2.1 Study Site and Artificial Reef System;136
1.7.11.2.2;2.2 Data Sampling and Analysis;137
1.7.11.2.2.1;2.2.1 Underwater Visual Census (UVC);137
1.7.11.2.2.2;2.2.2 Landings Per Unit of Effort (LPUE);137
1.7.11.2.2.3;2.2.3 Tagging;137
1.7.11.3;3 Results;137
1.7.11.3.1;3.1 UVC;137
1.7.11.3.2;3.2 LPUE;138
1.7.11.3.3;3.3 Tagging;139
1.7.11.4;4 Discussion;139
1.7.11.5;5 Conclusion;141
1.7.11.6;References;141
1.7.12;Operation Prado Reefs: A Model for Management of the Marseille Coast;144
1.7.12.1;1 Introduction;144
1.7.12.2;2 General Principles;145
1.7.12.3;3 Anticipated Organization;145
1.7.12.4;4 Description of Reef Architecture;146
1.7.12.5;5 Plan for Implantation;147
1.7.12.6;6 Initial Results (Fig. 2);147
1.7.12.7;7 Monitoring and Development Program;147
1.7.12.8;8 Regulations and Management;149
1.7.12.9;9 Conclusion;149
1.7.12.10;References;149
1.7.13;Swimming Behavior of Juvenile Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Around Fish Aggragate Devices (F.A.D.S) in the Philippines;150
1.7.13.1;1 Introduction;150
1.7.13.2;2 Materials and Methods;150
1.7.13.3;3 Results;151
1.7.13.4;4 Discussion;152
1.7.13.5;5 Conclusions;152
1.7.13.6;References;152
1.7.14;Summary of French Artificial Reefs Immersions Since 1968, Sites, Volumes, Types and Costs;154
1.7.14.1;1 French Fisheries Situation;154
1.7.14.2;2 Towards national land plan establishment and policy;155
1.7.14.3;References;156
1.7.15;The Artificial Habitat, an Evolutionary Strategic Tool for Integrated Coastal Area Management;157
1.7.15.1;1 Introduction;157
1.7.15.2;2 The Geo-system: An Entry for the Integrated Management of Coastal Zone?;158
1.7.15.3;3 The Japanese Management Experience with the Service of a Strategy Type ICAM;159
1.7.15.4;4 Artificial Habitat, an Ownership Tool for Coastal Zone Management: The Example of French Overseas Reunion Island;160
1.7.15.5;5 Conclusion;161
1.7.15.6;References;162
1.7.16;Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Fish Assemblage on a Large Artificial Reef Assessed Using Multiple-Point Stationary Observations;163
1.7.16.1;1 Introduction;163
1.7.16.2;2 FISCHOM;164
1.7.16.3;3 Test Surveys of a High-Rise Artificial Reef;165
1.7.16.4;4 Data Analysis;165
1.7.16.5;5 Results;166
1.7.16.5.1;5.1 Fish Fauna (Fish Species Compositions);166
1.7.16.5.2;5.2 Time Series and Diurnal Cycle of Fish Appearance;167
1.7.16.5.3;5.3 Fish Body Size;167
1.7.16.6;6 Discussion;167
1.7.16.7;7 Conclusion;168
1.7.16.8;References;168
1.7.17;Artificial Reefs: Perceptions and Impact on the Marine Environment;169
1.7.17.1;1 Introduction;169
1.7.17.2;2 An Inescapable Management;169
1.7.17.3;3 A Lack of Data and Indicators;170
1.7.17.4;4 A Response to a Limited Habitat and to Marine Biocenosis Devaluation?;170
1.7.17.5;5 Artificial Reefs and Bioethics;171
1.7.17.6;6 Multifunction Reefs;171
1.7.17.7;7 Multi-purpose Reef;171
1.7.17.8;8 Towards New Perspectives;172
1.7.17.9;9 Conclusion;172
1.8;Biodiversity;173
1.8.1;Characterization of Three Populations of Phallocryptus Spinosa (Branchiopoda, Crustacea) from North-East of Algeria;174
1.8.1.1;1 Introduction;174
1.8.1.2;2 Materials and Methods;174
1.8.1.3;3 Results;175
1.8.1.4;4 Discussion;175
1.8.1.5;5 Conclusions;175
1.8.1.6;References;176
1.8.2;Biological Invasion: The Thau Lagoon, a Japanese Biological Island in the Mediterranean Sea;177
1.8.2.1;1 Introduction;177
1.8.2.2;2 The Thau Lagoon Story;178
1.8.2.3;3 The Thau Lagoon “Japanese Botanical Garden”;178
1.8.2.4;4 The Thau Lagoon: A Japanese Landscape?;178
1.8.2.5;5 Conclusion;180
1.8.2.6;References;182
1.8.3;Distribution of Giant Viruses in Marine Environments;183
1.8.3.1;1 Introduction;183
1.8.3.2;2 Discoveries from the GiantMimivirus;184
1.8.3.3;3 Existence of Mimivirus Relativesin the Sea;184
1.8.3.4;4 Phylogenetic Mapping forthe Classification of Metagenomic Sequences;185
1.8.3.5;5 Abundance of Mimivirus-Like PolB Sequences in the Sea;186
1.8.3.6;6 Geographic Distribution;187
1.8.3.7;7 Concluding Remarks;187
1.8.3.8;References;188
1.8.4;Catch, Bycatch of Sharks, and Incidental Catch of Sea Turtlesin the Reunion-Based Longline Swordfish Fishery (Southwest Indian Ocean) Between 1997 and 2000;189
1.8.4.1;References;191
1.8.5;Biodiversity Requires Adaptations Under a ChangingClimate in Northwest Europe: Planning and Coastal Wildlife, the Example of Normandy in France;192
1.8.5.1;1 Introduction;193
1.8.5.2;2 Coastal Issues: The Exampleof Normandy;193
1.8.5.3;3 The Example of the Baie des Veys;194
1.8.5.4;4 Stakeholders and Climate Change;196
1.8.5.5;5 Conclusion;198
1.8.6;Taking Biodiversity into Account in Territorial Planning Documents: A Methodological Approach Applied to the Marine Field;199
1.8.6.1;1 Introduction;199
1.8.6.2;2 Material and Methods;200
1.8.6.3;3 Biodiversity in Planning Documents;200
1.8.6.4;4 Toward a Methodological Proposal;201
1.8.6.4.1;4.1 To Establish a better definitionof the term Biodiversity fromthe beginning of the process;202
1.8.6.4.2;4.2 Improve the integrationof various aspects of marine biodiversity;202
1.8.6.4.3;4.3 Establish a Knowledge Transferin a Participative Way;203
1.8.6.5;5 Conclusion;203
1.8.6.6;References;203
1.9;Coastal managements;205
1.9.1;Temporal Changes of Benthic Macrofauna of the Mellah Lagoon (Northeast Algeria): Effects of Development Works;206
1.9.1.1;1 Introduction;206
1.9.1.2;2 Methodology;206
1.9.1.3;3 Results and Discussion;206
1.9.1.4;4 Conclusion;207
1.9.1.5;References;207
1.9.2;Regional and Governmental Action Plan for Integrationof Port Development and Environmental Restoration;208
1.9.2.1;1 Introduction;208
1.9.2.2;2 Case 1: An Adaptive Approach to the Implementation of the Tokyo Bay Restoration Plan;209
1.9.2.2.1;2.1 Environmental Situationof Tokyo Bay;209
1.9.2.2.2;2.2 Tokyo Bay Restoration Plan;209
1.9.2.3;3 Case 2: An Ecosystem Approach in the Miakawa Port Development Plan;210
1.9.2.3.1;3.1 Mikawa Port Development Plan;210
1.9.2.3.2;3.2 Implementation of Ecosystem Approach;211
1.9.2.4;4 Conclusion;212
1.9.2.5;References;213
1.9.3;Towards Integrated Coastal and Ocean Policies in France: a Parallel with Japan;214
1.9.3.1;1 Introduction;215
1.9.3.2;2 Recent Elements of Reflections and Decisions;215
1.9.3.2.1;2.1 In Europe;215
1.9.3.2.2;2.2 In France;216
1.9.3.2.2.1;2.2.1 The European Framework;216
1.9.3.2.2.2;2.2.2 Marine Strategy Directive;216
1.9.3.2.2.3;2.2.3 France and Japan National Contexts: Fertile Grounds for Further Collaboration;218
1.9.3.3;References;219
1.9.4;Pôle de compétitivité Pôle Mer PACA: Maritime Cluster in Provence–French Riviera Region;220
1.9.4.1;4 Marine Energy Resources;225
1.9.4.2;5 Biology, Marine Biotechnology;225
1.9.5;Accumulation of Bromoform, a Chlorination Byproduct,by Japanese Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus;226
1.9.5.1;1 Introduction;226
1.9.5.2;2 Methods;226
1.9.5.3;3 Results and Discussion;228
1.9.5.4;References;230
1.9.6;Results of the Implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (I.C.Z.M) in Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur (P.A.C.A) and Outlook for the Mediterranean Context;231
1.9.6.1;1 Logical Commitment from the National to Local Level and Vice Versa;231
1.9.6.2;2 P.A.C.A’s “Family” of I.C.Z.M Projects;232
1.9.6.3;3 Geographic Scale;232
1.9.6.4;4 Implementation;233
1.9.6.5;5 Methodological Knowledge;233
1.9.6.6;6 Outlook for I.C.Z.M Deployment;234
1.9.6.6.1;6.1 Toward Strategic Planning;234
1.9.6.6.2;6.2 Toward an Appropriate Framework of Action;234
1.9.6.7;Reference;235
1.9.7;Outline of Ongoing Research Activities of the Marine Ecology Research Institute, Mainly Regarding Thermal Issues in Japan;236
1.9.7.1;1 What is MERI;236
1.9.7.2;2 Marine Thermal Issues in Which MERI Has Been Involved;237
1.9.7.3;3 Macrophyte bed survey throughout Japan;237
1.9.7.3.1;3.1 Intensive surveys aroundpower plants;237
1.9.7.3.2;3.2 Macrophyte Data Compiling;238
1.9.7.4;4 Surveys on Macrophyte Bed Damage by_Rabbit Fish, Siganus fuscescens, Feeding;238
1.9.7.5;5 Demonstration Surveyof Ecological Impact AssessmentUsing a Virtual Power Plant;238
1.9.7.6;6 Management of the Coastal Ecosystem Around the Power Plant;239
1.9.7.7;7 Offshore Environment Radioactivity;239
1.9.7.8;8 Projects Relating to CO2 Ocean Sequestration;239
1.9.7.9;9 Other Main Ongoing Projectsof MERI;240
1.9.7.9.1;9.1 Mussel Fouling and Jellyfish Invasion;240
1.9.7.9.2;9.2 Bioassey Technology Development;241
1.9.7.10;10 Conclusion;241
1.9.7.11;References;241
1.9.8;Mass Mortality of a Coral Community in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, Caused by the Discharge of Terrigenous Fine Particles;243
1.9.8.1;1 Introduction;243
1.9.8.2;2 Study Area and Methods;244
1.9.8.3;3 Results;245
1.9.8.3.1;3.1 Mass Mortality in the Coral Community;245
1.9.8.3.2;3.2 Causes of Mass Mortality;246
1.9.8.3.3;3.3 Sedimentation Rate and Grain Size Composition;246
1.9.8.3.4;3.4 Content of Calcium Carbonate, Total Nitrogen, and Carbon in the Sediments;247
1.9.8.4;4 Discussion;248
1.9.8.5;References;249
1.10;Observation of marine environment;251
1.10.1;Alister – Rapid Environment Assessment AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle);252
1.10.1.1;1 Introduction;252
1.10.1.2;2 Interest in AUVs;253
1.10.1.3;3 ALISTAR 3000 System;253
1.10.1.3.1;3.1 Description of the Alistar 3000 System;253
1.10.1.3.2;3.2 Missions;254
1.10.1.3.3;3.3 Inspection Capabilities;254
1.10.1.4;4 ALISTER AUV;254
1.10.1.4.1;4.1 Description of the ALISTER System;254
1.10.1.4.2;4.2 ALISTER Suite of Sensors;256
1.10.1.4.3;4.3 ALISTER Mission Management System;256
1.10.1.5;5 Conclusion: Toward the Future;257
1.10.2;Bathyscaphs, a Mediterranean Adventure in Marine Dialogues Between France and Japan;258
1.10.2.1;1 Introduction;258
1.10.2.2;2 Some Remarkable Points of History;259
1.10.2.3;3 Campaigns in Japan;260
1.10.2.4;4 The Role of Bathyscaphs Within the France–Japan Relationship in Oceanography;261
1.10.2.5;5 Role of the Mediterranean;261
1.10.2.6;6 Conclusions;262
1.10.2.7;References;263
1.10.3;Applied High-Temperature Superconductor Bulks and Wires to Rotating Machines for Marine Propulsion;264
1.10.3.1;1 Introduction;264
1.10.3.2;2 Design Concept of the Motor with Gd-123 Bulk HTS Pole-Field Magnets;265
1.10.3.3;3 Specifications of the Motor with Bi-2223 HTS Wire Winding Coils;266
1.10.3.4;4 Cooling and Magnetizing Properties of the Bulk-HTS Motor;266
1.10.3.5;5 Cooling and Magnetizing Properties of the Wire-HTS Motor;268
1.10.3.6;6 Conclusion;268
1.10.3.7;References;269
1.10.4;Oceanographic Real-Time Measurement on Buoyancy Beacon Feedback in the Rhône Delta and Gulf of Fos Fruce France;270
1.10.4.1;1 Introduction;270
1.10.4.2;2 Instrumentation Description;270
1.10.4.3;3 Operational Use and Research;271
1.10.4.4;4 Conclusions;271
1.10.5;Analysis of Phosphatase Activity from Aquatic HeterotrophicBacteria at the Single Cell Level by Flow Cytometry: Example ofa Development Achieved in the Regional Flow CytometryPlatform for Microbiology (Precym) Hosted by the OceanologyCenter of Marseille;273
1.10.5.1;1 Introduction;273
1.10.5.2;2 Flow Cytometry Principle;274
1.10.5.3;3 Why Is Flow Cytometry So Popular Among Microbiologists?;274
1.10.5.4;4 The Regional Flow Cytometry Platform for Microbiology (PRECYM);275
1.10.5.4.1;4.1 Example of development achieved in PRECYM: Detection of phosphatase activity of heterotrophic prokaryotes characterized;275
1.10.5.5;5 Conclusion;276
1.10.5.6;References;276
1.10.6;Shadows by IXSEA: An Example of a Sonar Using the Latest Technologies in Acoustics, Positioning, Informatics, and Web Techniques;277
1.10.7;Relation Between Body Tilt Angle and Tail BeatAcceleration of a Small Fish, Parapristipoma trilineatum(Threeline Grunt), During Mobile and Immobile PeriodsMeasured with a Micro Data Logger;279
1.10.7.1;1 Introduction;279
1.10.7.2;2 Material and Methods;280
1.10.7.3;3 Results and Discussion;281
1.10.7.4;References;282
1.10.8;Marine Observation Using a Hybrid Glider;283
1.10.8.1;1 Hybrid Propulsion;283
1.10.8.2;2 Underwater Positioning;284
1.10.8.3;3 Conclusion;284
1.10.8.4;References;285
1.10.9;A New Method to Measure Prokaryote Respiration at the Single Cell Level by Flow Cytometry;286
1.10.9.1;1 Introduction;286
1.10.9.2;2 Assay on the Marine Bacteria Pseudomonas Nautica sp. 617;287
1.10.9.3;3 P. Nautica Staining with DiOC6(3);287
1.10.9.4;4 Stimulation of P. Nautica Respiration;287
1.10.9.5;5 Conclusion;288
1.10.9.6;References;288
1.10.10;Rapid Enzymatic Method for the Enumeration of Fecal Enterococci in Seawater;289
1.10.10.1;1 Introduction;289
1.10.10.2;2 Materials and Methods;289
1.10.10.3;3 Results;290
1.10.10.4;4 Conclusion and Perspectives;290
1.10.10.5;References;291
1.10.11;Oxygen Distribution Heterogeneity Related to Bioturbation Quantified by Planar Optode Imaging;292
1.10.11.1;1 Introduction;292
1.10.11.2;2 Oxygen Planar Optode;293
1.10.11.2.1;2.1 Example of Application of the Oxygen Planar Optode;294
1.10.11.3;References;296
1.10.12;Using a New Fluorescent Probe of Silicification to Measure Species-Specific Activities of Diatoms Under Varying Environmental Conditions;298
1.10.12.1;1 Introduction;298
1.10.12.2;2 Methods for Labeling Si Deposition at the Cell Level;299
1.10.12.3;3 A Case Study: Preliminary Results on the Biogenic Silica Deposition Activity in a Diatom Community of the Polar Front Zone ;301
1.10.12.4;4 Conclusion;302
1.10.12.5;References;302
1.10.13;Utilization of a submersible ultra-violet fluorometer for monitoring anthropogenic inputs in the Mediterranean Coasts;303
1.10.13.1;1 Introduction;303
1.10.13.2;2 Material and Methods;304
1.10.13.3;3 Results and Discussion;304
1.10.13.4;4 Conclusions;304
1.10.13.5;References;305
1.10.14;Temporal and Spatial High-Frequency Monitoring of Phytoplankton by Automated Flow Cytometry and Pulse-Shape Analysis;306
1.10.14.1;1 Introduction;306
1.10.14.2;2 Materials and Methods;307
1.10.14.2.1;2.1 Sampling Strategy;307
1.10.14.2.2;2.2 Flow Cytometry;307
1.10.14.2.3;2.3 Cytometric Softwares;308
1.10.14.3;3 Results;308
1.10.14.3.1;3.1 Short-Term Variability;308
1.10.14.3.2;3.2 Spatial Heterogeneity;308
1.10.14.4;4 Discussion and Conclusion;309
1.10.14.5;References;310
1.10.15;Deep Sea Net: An Affordable and Expandable Solution for Deep Sea Sensor Networks;312
1.10.15.1;1 Network Concept;312
1.10.15.2;2 Fiberoptic Microcable;312
1.10.15.2.1;2.1 FOMC Justification;312
1.10.15.2.2;2.2 FOMC Technical Issues;312
1.10.15.3;3 IP node;313
1.10.15.3.1;3.1 Electronics;313
1.10.15.3.2;3.2 Batteries;313
1.10.15.3.3;3.3 Node Integration;314
1.10.15.3.4;3.4 Wet Mateable Connectors;314
1.10.15.3.5;3.5 IP Node Operation and Management;315
1.10.15.4;4 Deep Sea Net Operating Modes;315
1.10.15.4.1;4.1 Sleeping Mode;315
1.10.15.4.2;4.2 Standard Mode;315
1.10.15.4.3;4.3 Emergency Mode;315
1.10.15.4.4;4.4 Alarm Mode;315
1.10.15.5;5 Applications and Interfaces;316
1.10.15.5.1;5.1 Remote Powered Applications;316
1.10.15.5.2;5.2 Autonomous Applications;317
1.10.15.6;6 Deployment Skid;317
1.10.15.7;7 Deep Sea Net Demonstration;317
1.10.15.8;8 Conclusion;318
1.10.15.9;References;318
1.11;Physical, Chemical, Biological andBiogeochemical Functioning;319
1.11.1;Distribution and Long-term variation of Turbidity in Tokyo Bay;320
1.11.1.1;1 Introduction;320
1.11.1.2;2 Methods;320
1.11.1.3;3 Results;321
1.11.1.4;4 Discussion;323
1.11.1.5;5 Conclusions;323
1.11.1.6;References;324
1.11.2;Evaluation of Chemical Contamination in the Western Mediterranean Using Mussel Transplants;325
1.11.2.1;1 Introduction;325
1.11.2.2;2 Materials and Methods;326
1.11.2.2.1;2.1 Transplantation;326
1.11.2.2.2;2.2 Recovery;326
1.11.2.2.3;2.3 Analysis;327
1.11.2.3;3 Results;327
1.11.2.3.1;3.1 Biometric Parameters;327
1.11.2.3.2;3.2 Contaminants;327
1.11.2.3.3;3.3 Models;328
1.11.2.3.4;3.4 Adjusted Data;328
1.11.2.4;4 Discussion;329
1.11.2.5;References;330
1.11.3;First Biological Data on the Marine Snails Osilinus turbinatus (Gastropoda, Trochidae) of Eastern Coasts of Algeria;331
1.11.3.1;1 Introduction;331
1.11.3.2;2 Material and Methods;331
1.11.3.3;3 Results;332
1.11.3.4;4 Conclusions;333
1.11.3.5;References;334
1.11.4;Combining Monitoring Networks, HydrodynamicModelling and Satellite Data to a Better Understandingof the Trophic Functioning o;335
1.11.4.1;1 Introduction;335
1.11.4.2;2 In Situ Monitoring Network;336
1.11.4.3;3 Modelling;337
1.11.4.4;4 Satellite Data;338
1.11.4.5;5 Results;338
1.11.4.6;6 Conclusion;341
1.11.4.7;References;343
1.11.5;Impact of Hydrocarbons on Marine Microbial Communities;344
1.11.5.1;1 Introduction;344
1.11.5.2;2 Oil contamination impact on microbial community structure;345
1.11.5.2.1;2.1 In Situ Studies;345
1.11.5.2.2;2.2 Microcosm Studies with Adapted Sediments;346
1.11.5.2.3;2.3 Microcosm Studies with Non-adapted Sediments;346
1.11.5.3;3 Bacterial Responses to Oil Contamination Functional Diversity;346
1.11.5.3.1;3.1 Expression of New Genes in Response to Hydrocarbon Pollution;347
1.11.5.4;4 Conclusion;348
1.11.5.5;References;348
1.11.6;Chemical Defense of Marine Organisms Against Biofouling Explored with a Bacterial Adhesion Bioassay;349
1.11.6.1;1 Introduction;349
1.11.6.2;2 Materials and Methods;350
1.11.6.2.1;2.1 Sampling, Purification and Identification of Natural Products;350
1.11.6.2.2;2.2 Bacterial Adhesion Assay;350
1.11.6.2.3;2.3 Modelization and Statistical Analyses;351
1.11.6.3;2.4 Results and Discussion;351
1.11.6.3.1;2.5 Which Molecules Were Identified from Dictyota sp.?;351
1.11.6.3.2;2.6 What Are the Bioassay Characteristics?;351
1.11.6.3.3;2.7 What About the Activity of Natural Products?;352
1.11.6.3.4;2.8. What Can We Infer from These Activities?;352
1.11.6.4;References;353
1.11.7;Temporal Evolution of Metals in the Two Most Industrialized and Densely Populated Gulfs of Greece, via Metal Accumulation by My;354
1.11.7.1;1 Introduction;354
1.11.7.2;2 Materials and Methods;355
1.11.7.3;3 Results and Discussions;356
1.11.7.4;References;356
1.11.8;Clipperton, a Meromictic Lagoon;357
1.11.8.1;1 Introduction;357
1.11.8.2;2 Materials and Methods;357
1.11.8.3;3 Results;358
1.11.8.4;4 Discussion;359
1.11.8.5;References;361
1.11.9;Experimental Characterization of the Oceanic Water Exchanges in a Macro-tidal Lagoon;363
1.11.9.1;1 Introduction;363
1.11.9.2;2 Field Experiment;364
1.11.9.2.1;2.1 Study Site;364
1.11.9.2.2;2.2 Sensor Deployment;364
1.11.9.2.2.1;2.2.1 Moorings Deployment;364
1.11.9.2.2.2;2.2.2 Description of Transect;364
1.11.9.2.3;2.3 Data Description;365
1.11.9.2.4;2.4 Data Processing;366
1.11.9.2.5;2.5 Velocity;367
1.11.9.3;Sec10_63;367
1.11.9.3.1;2.6 Fluxes;367
1.11.9.4;3 Conclusion;368
1.11.9.5;Reference;368
1.11.10;Modification of the Berre Lagoon Pelagic Ecosystem Since the 1980s;369
1.11.10.1;1 Introduction;369
1.11.10.2;2 Materials and Methods;370
1.11.10.3;3 Results and Discussion;370
1.11.10.4;References;372
1.11.11;Length-Weight Relationships and Reproductionof Three Coastal Sparidae (Diplodus cervinus cervinus,Boops boops, and Spondylios;373
1.11.11.1;1 Introduction;373
1.11.11.2;2 Materials and Methods;373
1.11.11.3;3 Results;373
1.11.11.4;4 Conclusion;375
1.11.11.5;References;375
1.11.12;Investigating and Assessing of the Quality of Seawater in the Marseille Coastal Zone: An Approach Using Lipid Class Biomarker;376
1.11.12.1;Sec1_66;376
1.11.12.2;References;377
1.11.13;Size Distributions of Low Molecular Weight Dicarboxylic Acids, Ketocarboxylic Acids and a-Dicarbonyls in the Marine Aerosols ;378
1.11.13.1;1 Introduction;378
1.11.13.2;2 Samples and Methods;379
1.11.13.3;3 Results and Discussion;379
1.11.14;Dynamics of Two Greenhouse Gases, Methane and Nitrous Oxide, Along the Rhone River Plume (Gulf of Lions, Northwestern Mediterr;381
1.11.14.1;1 Introduction;381
1.11.14.2;2 Materials and Methods;382
1.11.14.3;3 Results and Discussion;382
1.11.14.3.1;3.1 Nitrous Oxide;382
1.11.14.3.2;3.2 Methane;384
1.11.14.4;4 Conclusion;386
1.11.14.5;References;387
1.11.15;Aerobic Metabolism of Vitamin E by Marine Bacteria: Interaction with Free Radical Oxidation (Autoxidation) Processes;388
1.11.15.1;1 Introduction;388
1.11.15.2;References;390
1.11.16;The MERMeX Program for the Mediterranean Sea;391
1.11.16.1;1 Discussion;391
1.11.16.2;References;394
1.11.17;Hydrocarbon Degradation in Coastal Muddy Areasand Anoxic Ecosystems (DHYVA Project): Role ofBacterial Mechanisms and Bioturba;395
1.11.17.1;1 Introduction;395
1.11.17.2;2 Materials and Methods;396
1.11.17.3;3 Results and Discussion;396
1.11.17.4;4 Conclusions;397
1.11.17.5;References;397
1.11.18;Impact of Red Mud Deposits in the Canyon of Cassidaigne on the Macrobenthos of the Mediterranean Continental Slope;398
1.11.18.1;1 Introduction;398
1.11.18.2;2 Material and Methods;398
1.11.18.3;3 Results;399
1.11.18.4;4 Discussion and Conclusions;401
1.11.18.5;References;401
1.11.19;Coastal Seawater Pollutants in the Coral Reef Lagoon of a Small Tropical Island in Development: The Mayotte Example (N Mozambi;402
1.11.19.1;1 Introduction;402
1.11.19.2;2 Materials and Sampling Time;403
1.11.19.3;3 Trace Metals;403
1.11.19.4;4 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH);405
1.11.19.5;5 Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) Hydrocarbons;405
1.11.19.6;6 Conclusions;405
1.11.19.7;References;408
1.12;List of Oral Presentations;409
1.13;List of Participants;415
1.14;Photographs;427
1.15;Author Index;434