Chance / Gibson / Eisenhardt Rapid Mixing and Sampling Techniques in Biochemistry

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7171-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 412 Seiten, Web PDF

Rapid Mixing and Sampling Techniques in Biochemistry focuses on the applications of rapid reaction techniques to biochemical problems, including mechanical disturbance, cavitation, and spectroscopic evaluation. The selection first offers information on flash photographs of jet collision phenomena, curved coaxial mixer with two circular inlet channels, and ten jet mixers. Topics include cavitation and mechanical disturbance, efficiency of mixing, operation of the flow apparatus, and mixing tests. The book also ponders on cavitation in rapid flow apparatuses, as well as avoidance of cavitation and description of the flow apparatus. The publication takes a look at ball mixers, multiple rapid mixing of micro-samples by a gun-type projection system and its rapid spectroscopic evaluation, and thermal stopped-flow apparatus. The book also elaborates on pulsed flow apparatus, photochemical activation apparatus using flash tubes, and experimental evaluation of the Bray rapid freezing- technique. The selection is a valuable source of data for readers interested in rapid mixing and sampling techniques.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Chance, Britton

Gibson, Quentin H.

Eisenhardt, Rudolf H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Rapid Mixing and Sampling Techniques in Biochemistry;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Participants;6
6;Preface;8
7;RAPID FLOW METHODS;14
7.1;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS;16
7.1.1;REFERENCES;17
7.2;CHAPTER 2. THE ORIGIN OF THE HARTRIDGE-ROUGHTON RAPID REACTION VELOCITY METHOD;18
8;Part I: Rapid Mixing and Fluid Flow;28
8.1;CHAPTER 3. FLASH PHOTOGRAPHS OF JET COLLISION PHENOMENA;30
8.1.1;REFERENCES;31
8.1.2;DISCUSSION;32
8.2;CHAPTER 4. A CURVED COAXIAL MIXER WITH TWO CIRCULAR INLET CHAMELS;34
8.2.1;The flow apparatus;35
8.2.2;Operation of the flow apparatus;36
8.2.3;Cavitation and mechanical disturbance;39
8.2.4;Efficiency of mixing;40
8.2.5;Variations of mixer design;41
8.2.6;Summary;42
8.2.7;REFERENCES;42
8.2.8;DISCUSSION;43
8.3;CHAPTER 5. A TEN JET MIXER;46
8.3.1;Mixing tests;48
8.3.2;Cavitation;50
8.3.3;Calculations;50
8.3.4;REFERENCES;50
8.3.5;DISCUSSION;51
8.4;CHAPTER 6. CAVITATION IN RAPID FLOW APPARATUSES;52
8.4.1;Avoidance of Cavitation;53
8.4.2;Observations in the Bre-Cavitation Region;55
8.4.3;Description of the Flow Apparatus;55
8.4.4;SUMMARY;57
8.4.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;58
8.4.6;REFERENCES;58
8.4.7;DISCUSSION;59
8.4.8;GENERAL DISCUSSION: RAPID MIXING AND FLUID FLOW;62
9;Part II: Injection into a Fixed Volume;68
9.1;CHAPTER 7· BALL MIXERS;70
9.1.1;REFERENCES;70
9.1.2;DISCUSSION;72
9.2;CHAPTER 8. THE "MOVING MIXING CHAMBER";74
9.2.1;Acknowledgement;78
9.2.2;DISCUSSION;79
9.3;CHAPTER 9. MULTIPLE RAPID MIXING OF MICRO-SAMPLES BY A GUN-TYPE PROJECTION SYSTEM AND ITS RAPID SPECTROSCOPIC EVALUATION;80
9.3.1;REFERENCES;82
9.3.2;DISCUSSION;83
9.4;CHAPTER 10. A SIMPLE, MICRO STOPPED-FLOW APPARATUS;84
9.4.1;Design and construction;85
9.4.2;Operation;88
9.4.3;Performance;90
9.4.4;Evaluation of the apparatus;94
9.4.5;SUMMARY;96
9.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;97
9.4.7;REFERENCES;97
9.4.8;DISCUSSION;98
10;Part III: Stopped Flow Methods;100
10.1;CHAPTER 11. A STOPPED FLOW APPARATUS;102
10.1.1;DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS;103
10.1.2;PERFORMANCE;109
10.1.3;FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS;114
10.1.4;SUMMARY;114
10.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;115
10.1.6;REFERENCES;115
10.1.7;DISCUSSION;116
10.2;CHAPTER 12. A THERMAL STOPPED-FLOW APPARATUS;118
10.2.1;REFERENCES;124
10.2.2;DISCUSSION;125
10.2.3;GENERAL DISCUSSION: STOPPED FLOW;128
11;Part IV: Continuous Flow Methods;136
11.1;CHAPTER 13. THE PULSED FLOW APPARATUS;138
11.1.1;The recording of the kinetic data;140
11.1.2;The shape of the driving function;142
11.1.3;Relation to cavitation;142
11.1.4;Summary;142
11.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;143
11.1.6;REFERENCES;143
11.1.7;DISCUSSION;143
11.2;CHAPTER 14. CONTINUOUS FLOW METHODS ADAPTED FOR EPR APPARATUS;144
11.2.1;REFERENCES;147
11.2.2;DISCUSSION;147
11.3;CHAPTER 15. CONTINUOUS FLOW METHODS ADAPTED FOR EPR APPARATUSES;148
11.3.1;REFERENCES;157
11.3.2;DISCUSSION;159
11.3.3;GENERAL DISCUSSION: FLOW APPARATUSES;164
12;Part V: Flow with Photolysis and Temperature Jump;168
12.1;CHAPTER 16. PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION APPARATUS USING FLASH TUBES;170
12.1.1;METHODS;170
12.1.2;REFERENCES;176
12.1.3;DISCUSSION;177
12.2;CHAPTER 17. PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION APPARATUS WITH OPTICAL MASER;178
12.2.1;REFERENCES;186
12.2.2;DISCUSSION;187
12.3;CHAPTER 18. A COMBINATION OF TEMPERATURE-JUMP AND FLOW TECHNIQUES;188
12.3.1;REFERENCES;192
12.3.2;DISCUSSION;193
12.4;CHAPTER 19. COMBINED TEMPERATURE JUMP-FLOW APPARATUS;196
12.4.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;200
12.4.2;REFERENCES;200
12.4.3;DISCUSSION;202
13;Part VI: RAPID STOPPING AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES VI. Liquid - Liquid Quenching;204
13.1;CHAPTER 20. RAPID FREEZING OF LIQUIDS BY COLLIDING JETS;206
13.2;CHAPTER 21. QUENCHING BY SQUIRTING INTO COLD IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS;208
13.2.1;History;208
13.2.2;Rate of Freezing and Quenching;208
13.2.3;Flow system and drive;211
13.2.4;Mixing chamber;212
13.2.5;Jet Design;213
13.2.6;Measuring the extent of reaction;214
13.2.7;Results;215
13.2.8;Acknowledgements;216
13.2.9;REFERENCES;216
13.3;CHAPTER 22. AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE BRAY RAPID-FREEZING TECHNIQUE;218
13.3.1;REFERENCES;227
13.3.2;DISCUSSION;228
13.4;CHAPTER 23. EFFECTS OF QUENCHING TECHNIQUES ON RESULTS OF FAST SAMPLING EXPERIMENTS;232
13.4.1;REFERENCES;234
13.4.2;DISCUSSION;235
13.4.3;GENERAL DISCUSSION: LIQUID-LIQUID QUENCHING;236
14;Part VII: Tissue Freeze Quenching;240
14.1;CHAPTER 24. RAPID ARREST OF METABOLISM WITH MELTING FREON;242
14.1.1;REFERENCES;250
14.2;CHAPTER 25. THE RAPID-FREEZING METHOD FOR THE INTERRUPTION OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION;252
14.2.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;265
14.2.2;REFERENCES;266
14.2.3;DISCUSSION;267
14.3;CHAPTER 26. METABOLITE ASSAY IN FROZEN SAMPLES OF LIVER TISSUE;268
14.3.1;(i) Chromatographie analysis of free nucleotides;270
14.3.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;275
14.3.3;REFERENCES;275
14.3.4;DISCUSSION;278
14.3.5;GENERAL DISCUSSION: SOLID-LIQUID QUENCHING;280
15;Part VIII: Rapid Sampling Techniques;286
15.1;CHAPTER 27. ROTATING STOPCOCK AND ASPIRATOR TYPE SAMPLERS;288
15.1.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;298
15.1.2;REFERENCES;299
15.1.3;DISCUSSION;300
15.2;CHAPTER 28. RAPID SAMPLING WITH SINGLE DROP ALIQUOTS;302
15.2.1;Drop Size;302
15.2.2;Reaction Chamber;305
15.2.3;Addition of Material;306
15.2.4;Mixing;307
15.2.5;Operation;309
15.2.6;Accuracy;312
15.2.7;Acknowledgements;313
15.2.8;REFERENCES;314
15.2.9;DISCUSSION;315
15.3;CHAPTER 29. THREE FAST SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR BIOKINETIC EXPERIMENTS WITH RADIOISOTOPES;316
15.3.1;ROTATING AUTOMATIC SAMPLE COLLECTOR;316
15.3.2;3-SYRINGE INJECTOR FOR ULTRA-SHORT REACTION TIMES;318
15.3.3;SET OF SPRING-OPERATED SYRINGES;319
15.3.4;REFERENCE;320
15.3.5;DISCUSSION;321
15.4;CHAPTER 30. MULTICHANNEL SYRINGE-TYPE SAMPLER FOR LARGE SCALE EXPERIMENTS;324
15.4.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;329
15.4.2;REFERENCES;330
15.5;CHAPTER 31. TECHNIQUES FOR FOLLOWING RAPID INHIBITOR-INDUCED CHANGES IN THE OPERATION OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON REDUCTION CYCLE;332
15.5.1;Experimental;335
15.5.2;Results and Discussion;340
15.5.3;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;343
15.5.4;REFERENCES;343
15.5.5;DISCUSSION;344
15.6;CHAPTER 32. TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING KINETICS IN MITOCHONDRIAL SUSPENSIONS;346
15.6.1;DEVICES FOR SAMPLING WITH SIMULTANEOUS CONTINUOUS RECORDING;346
15.6.2;FILTRATION TECHNIQUES FOR SHORT TIME EXPOSURE FOR STUDYING THE KINETICS OF PERMEABILITY;348
15.7;CHAPTER 33. A COMPARISON OF THE RESOLUTION OF CHEMICAL AND OPTICAL SAMPLING;352
15.7.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;356
15.7.2;REFERENCES;356
15.7.3;DISCUSSION;357
15.8;CHAPTER 34. SUMMARY DISCUSSION: CORRELATION OF MIXING, SAMPLING, AND STOPPING TECHNIQUES;358
16;CONCLUDING REMARKS;362
17;APPENDICES;364
17.1;EDITOR'S NOTE;366
17.2;APPENDIX I: ON THE APPLICATION OF FLUID DYNAMICS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAPID MIXING TECHNIQUES;368
17.3;APPENDIX II: MIXERS;376
17.4;APPENDIX III: ENERGY DISSIPATION IN MIXING;380
17.5;APPENDIX IV: THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW METER;384
17.6;APPENDIX V: PERTURBATION OF ACCELERATED BIOSTRUCTURES;386
17.7;APPENDIX VI: CONDITIONS FOR COMBINING THE RAPID FLOW TECHNIQUE WITH THE TEMPERATURE JUMP METHOD;400
18;INDEX;408