Chance / Lee / Blasie Probes and Membrane Function

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7148-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 582 Seiten, Web PDF

Probes of Structure and Function of Macromolecules and Membranes, Volume I: Probes and Membrane Function discusses the developments in techniques for the measurement of rapid reactions and detection of enzymatic reactions in simple and complex systems. This book describes the application of the incisive techniques employed for the study of activity-related structural changes in enzymes to functionally related structural changes in membranes. The structural changes initiated in response to energy coupling and ion movements in mitochondria and axons are also elaborated. This publication covers the basic mechanisms by which structural changes can participate in energy coupling at the redox level of the hemoproteins that leads to the evaluation of the function of ubiquinone and cytochrome b in energy coupling. The function of factors that couple electron transport and energy conservation is likewise considered. This volume is a good reference for students and researchers conducting work on the structure and function of macromolecules and membranes.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Chance, Britton

Lee, Chuan-pu

Blasie, J. Kent

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Probes and Membrane Function;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;CONTRIBUTORS;12
6;PREFACE;20
7;CONTENTS OF VOLUME II;24
8;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS;34
9;CHAPTER 2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF RESPONSIVE PROBES;36
9.1;References;38
10;PART 1: INTERPRETATION OF DATA FROM PROBE STUDIES;40
10.1;CHAPTER 3. INTRODUCTION TO FLUORESCENCE PROBES;42
10.1.1;The Information Content of Fluorescence Measurements;43
10.1.2;References;45
10.2;CHAPTER 4. THE EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT ON FLUORESCENCE PROBES;48
10.2.1;Acknowledgments;61
10.2.2;References;61
10.3;DISCUSSION;63
10.4;CHAPTER 5. THE USE OF SPECIFIC CHROMOPHORIC INHIBITORS IN INVESTIGATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN SOLUTION, IN CRYSTALS AND IN MEMBRANES;72
10.4.1;1. Kinetic Investigations of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions;72
10.4.2;2. Detection of Different Substrate Binding Sites of an Enzyme and Determination of Substrate Dissociation Constants Pertaining to These Sites;75
10.4.3;3. Investigation of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions in Protein Crystals and in Membranes;83
10.4.4;References;85
10.5;CHAPTER 6. STRUCTURAL SENSITIVE ASPECTS OF THE ELECTRONIC SPECTRUM;88
10.5.1;Introduction;88
10.5.2;The Influence of Medium on Spectral Linewidth;89
10.5.3;Metalloporphyrin Spectra;90
10.5.4;The Effect of Degenerate States;90
10.5.5;Polarization Effects;92
10.5.6;Medium Effects on the Intensity;94
10.5.7;Conclusions;94
10.5.8;References;94
10.6;DISCUSSION;96
10.7;CHAPTER 7. INTRODUCTION TO MAGNETIC RESONANCE TECHNIQUES;102
10.7.1;References;104
10.8;CHAPTER 8. THE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF PROTEINS;106
10.8.1;Introduction;106
10.8.2;HEW Lysozyme;107
10.8.3;Lysozyme Denaturation;114
10.8.4;Ribonuclease;117
10.8.5;Paramagnetic Proteins and Contact Shifts;119
10.8.6;References;124
10.9;CHAPTER 9. PARAMAGNETIC PROBES IN ENZYME SYSTEMS;128
10.9.1;References;137
10.10;CHAPTER 10. ENZYME-LIGAND INTERACTIONS AS DETECTED BY NUCLEAR RELAXATION RATES OF SUBSTRATES AND INHIBITORS;140
10.10.1;Summary;140
10.10.2;Acknowledgment;153
10.10.3;References;153
10.11;CHAPTER 11. ELECTRON-NUCLEAR DOUBLE RESONANCE (ENDOR) FROM RANDOMLY ORIENTED BIOMOLECULES;156
10.11.1;Introduction;156
10.11.2;ENDOR from flavin radicals in liquid solvents;158
10.11.3;ENDOR from flavin radicals in polycrystalline samples;160
10.11.4;ENDOR from flavin radicals in flavoprotein samples;162
10.11.5;The matrix ENDOR signal;163
10.11.6;Conclusions;164
10.11.7;References;165
10.12;CHAPTER 12. ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE OF SINGLE CRYSTALS AS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBES;166
10.12.1;References;171
10.13;DISCUSSION;173
10.14;CHAPTER 13. OPTICAL ACTIVITY AND CONFORMATION OF PROTEINS;174
10.14.1;Peptide Optical Activity and Estimation of Secondary Structure in Proteins;174
10.14.2;Conformational Change - Secondary Structure;179
10.14.3;Bound Chromophores;181
10.14.4;References;183
10.15;CHAPTER 14. NEAR INFRARED CIRCULAR DICHROISM: d . d TRANSITIONS IN HEMOPROTEINS;186
10.15.1;Conclusion;194
10.15.2;Acknowledgment;194
10.15.3;References;194
10.16;DISCUSSION;196
10.17;CHAPTER 15. INTRODUCTION TO X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY STUDIES;200
10.18;CHAPTER 16. PROTEIN CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES STUDIED BY DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES;202
10.18.1;References;207
10.19;CHAPTER 17. LOW-ANGLE X-RAY DIFFRACTION OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES;210
10.19.1;The Experimental Problem;211
10.19.2;Low-Angle X-ray Patterns from Nerve and Photoreceptors;213
10.19.3;The Structure Analysis;214
10.19.4;References;217
10.20;CHAPTER 18. PROBING MEMBRANE STRUCTURE WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE;220
10.20.1;1. Electron Phase Contrast and Dark Field;221
10.20.2;2. Hydrated Specimen Microchambers for Electron Diffraction and Microscopy;223
10.20.3;3. Reducing Beam Damage;224
10.20.4;4. Improving the Thin Section Method for Membranes;224
10.20.5;Acknowledgment;226
10.20.6;References;226
10.21;CHAPTER 19. CHARACTERIZATION OF A HYDROCARBON SOLUBLE PROTEIN/LIPID COMPLEX;228
10.21.1;Acknowledgments;231
10.21.2;References;231
10.21.3;DISCUSSION;232
11;PART 2: STRUCTURAL CONTROL OF REACTIVITY OF MEMBRANES;238
11.1;CHAPTER 20. STATE CHANGES OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE AS DETECTED BY THE FLUORESCENCE PROBE 1-ANILINO-8-NAPHTHALENE SULFONIC ACID;240
11.1.1;I. The site of ANS binding in the mitochondrial membrane;241
11.1.2;II. Changes of ANS fluorescence in submitochondrial particles in the energized state;242
11.1.3;III. Changes of ANS fluorescence in mitochondria in the energized state;243
11.1.4;IV. Changes in the wavelength of ANS maximum emission in different states in mitochondria and submitochondrial particles;244
11.1.5;V. Changes of the ANS binding to mitochondria and submitochondrial particles in the energized state;245
11.1.6;VI. Changes of the state of the membrane reflected by changes of the ANS binding;246
11.1.7;References;248
11.2;CHAPTER 21. PROBES OF MACROMOLECULAR AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE IN THE MEMBRANES OF MITOCHONDRIA AND SUBMITOCHONDRIAL VESICLES;250
11.2.1;1. Do configurational changes occur in mitochondria?;250
11.2.2;2. Do molecular conformational changes occur?;251
11.2.3;3. Where in the sequence of events do molecular conformational changes occur?;252
11.2.4;4. Do conformational changes occur in the membranes or in the matrix?;254
11.2.5;5. Are changes in ultrastructure in submitochondrial vesicles correlated with conformational changes?;255
11.2.6;References;256
11.3;CHAPTER 22. FLUOROCHROME LABELING OF CHROMATOPHORES OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA WITH AURAMINE O;258
11.3.1;References;263
11.4;CHAPTER 23. FLUORESCENCE CHANGES IN DYE-TREATED NERVE FOLLOWING ELECTRIC STIMULATION;266
11.4.1;References;268
11.5;CHAPTER 24. ANILINO-1,8-NAPHTHALENE SULFONATE AND BROMTHYMOL BLUE RESPONSES TO MEMBRANE ENERGIZATION;270
11.5.1;References;274
11.6;CHAPTER 25. KINETIC ANALYSIS OF MNS INTERACTION WITH SUBMITOCHONDRIAL PARTICLES;276
11.6.1;Reference;277
11.7;DISCUSSION;278
11.8;CHAPTER 26. SPIN LABELING OF SUBMITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE;280
11.8.1;Effect of artificial and biological membranes on the EPR spectrum of androstanolone;280
11.8.2;Effect of beef heart submitochondrial particles on the EPR spectrum of SL-cytochrome c;284
11.8.3;Acknowledgments;289
11.8.4;References;289
11.9;DISCUSSION;290
11.10;CHAPTER 27. RESPONSE OF ANS TO CA++ BINDING IN MITOCHONDRIAl MEMBRANE AS AFFECTED BY LOCAL ANESTHETICS;292
11.10.1;References;295
11.11;CHAPTER 28. K+ GRADIENTS IN SUBMITOCHONDRIAL PARTICLES;296
11.11.1;References;301
11.12;CHAPTER 29. K+ TRANSPORT IN SUBMITOCHONDRIAL PARTICLES;304
11.12.1;References;308
11.13;CHAPTER 30. GLUTARALDEHYDE AS A PROBE OF METABOLISM-LINKED CHANGES IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS;310
11.13.1;Acknowledgments;313
11.13.2;References;313
11.14;CHAPTER 31. CALCIUM TRANSPORT IN SONICATED SUBMITOCHONDRIAL PARTICLES;314
11.14.1;References;315
11.15;GENERAL DISCUSSION RESPONSES OF PROBES TO IONIC GRADIENTS;316
11.16;CHAPTER 32. USE OF 8-ANILINO-1-NAPHTHALENE SULFONATE AS CONFORMATIONAL PROBE ON BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES;324
11.16.1;Experimental Procedures;324
11.16.2;Results and Discussion;325
11.16.3;Effect of Antibiotics;329
11.16.4;Effect of Local Anaesthetics;330
11.16.5;Summary;331
11.16.6;References;332
11.17;CHAPTER 33. ANS FLUORESCENCE AS AN INDICATOR OF IONICINTERACTION WITH MEMBRANES;334
11.17.1;References;341
11.18;CHAPTER 34. INTERACTION OF FLUORESCENT PROBES WITH HEMOGLOBIN FREE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES;342
11.18.1;Binding of ANS to HFE-membranes;343
11.18.2;Binding of ANS to detergent micelles;348
11.18.3;Discussion;350
11.18.4;References;353
11.19;CHAPTER 35. THE DESIGN OF FLUORESCENT PROBES FOR MEMBRANES;356
11.19.1;Non-Covalent Probes;356
11.19.2;The Location of Non-Covalent Probes;357
11.19.3;Polarization of Fluorescence;360
11.19.4;What Do the Changes in Probe Fluorescence Mean;361
11.19.5;Acknowledgments
;368
11.19.6;References;368
11.20;CHAPTER 36. CONFORMATIONAL ACTIVITY VS. ION-INDUCED OSMOTIC PERTURBATION IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL ULTRASTRUCTURE;370
11.20.1;References;375
11.21;CHAPTER 37. IS THERE A MECHANOCHEMICAL COUPLING IN MITOCHONDRIAL OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION;376
11.21.1;Addendum;379
11.21.2;References;379
11.22;CHAPTER 38. X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF MYELIN;382
11.22.1;References;384
11.23;GENERAL DISCUSSION;386
11.24;CHAPTER 39. THE PROBLEM OF CYTOCHROME b;396
11.24.1;Intact Mitochondria;396
11.24.2;Mitochondrial Fragments;397
11.24.3;Isolated cytochrome b;400
11.24.4;Reconstitution experiments;400
11.24.5;References;401
11.25;CHAPTER 40. APPROACHES TO THE RELATION OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE;402
11.25.1;Scheme I;404
11.25.2;References;407
11.26;CHAPTER 41. INTERACTIONS OF UBIQUINONE AND CYTOCHROME b IN THE RESPIRATORY CHAIN;408
11.26.1;References;418
11.27;CHAPTER 42. PLASTICITY IN THE RESPONSES OF UBIQUINONE AND CYTOCHROME b;422
11.27.1;Addendum;424
11.27.2;References;425
11.28;DISCUSSION;428
11.29;CHAPTER 43. LOCALIZATION OF SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE;432
11.29.1;References;436
11.30;CHAPTER 44. THE TWO SIDES OF THE INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE;438
11.30.1;References;441
11.31;CHAPTER 45. BIOSYNTHETIC ORIGIN OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE;442
11.31.1;References;444
11.32;CHAPTER 46. LOCALIZATION OF CYTOCHROME c AND CYTOCHROME OXIDASE IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE;448
11.32.1;References;456
11.33;CHAPTER 47. ON BRANCHING AMONG MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY CHAINS;458
11.33.1;References;461
11.34;CHAPTER 48. WHERE IS THE MITOCHONDRIAL BINDING SITE FOR CYTOCHROME c?;462
11.34.1;References;467
11.35;CHAPTER 49. THE PRESENCE OF DENATURED MITOCHONDRIAL ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE IN "STRUCTURAL PROTEIN" FROM BEEF-HEART MITOCHONDRIA;468
11.35.1;References;474
11.36;CHAPTER 50. RECONSTITUTION OF HIGHLY RESOLVED PARTICLES WITH SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE AND COUPLING FACTORS;476
11.36.1;References;479
11.37;CHAPTER 51. CONTAMINANTS IN "PURIFIED" ENERGY TRANSFER FACTORS OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION;480
11.37.1;References;483
11.38;CHAPTER 52. COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT KINETICS;484
11.38.1;Acknowledgment;497
11.38.2;References;497
11.39;DISCUSSION;498
11.40;GENERAL DISCUSSION ON PART II;510
12;PART 3: INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENTS;522
12.1;CHAPTER 53. COMPUTER PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF EPR SPECTRA;524
12.1.1;References;532
12.2;CHAPTER 54. ROTATING DRUM DENSITOMETRY TECHNIQUES;534
12.3;CHAPTER 55. THE ELECTRIC FIELD JUMP RELAXATION METHOD;536
12.3.1;Method;537
12.3.2;References;541
12.4;CHAPTER 56. CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS OF LIGHT SCATTERING: SCATTERING OF COHERENT LIGHT AND CHEMICAL FLUCTUATIONS;542
12.4.1;References;548
12.5;CHAPTER 57. TUNABLE LASERS AND OPTICAL SAMPLING;550
12.5.1;References;557
12.6;CHAPTER 58. TIME-SHARING IN SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND FLUOROMETRY;558
12.6.1;Additional features of the time-sharing system;563
12.6.2;References;564
12.7;RELAXATION METHODS;566
12.8;GENERAL DISCUSSION ON PART III;570
13;SUBJECT INDEX;574