Chattopadhyay / Mitra / Sengupta Electric Power Quality

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-94-007-0635-4
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 182 Seiten

Reihe: Power Systems

In the present day deregulated power market electric power quality issues have become great concerns of utilities, end users and manufacturers. Worldwide researches are going on to address those issues. Electric Power Quality has evolved from the researches carried out by the authors. The key features of the book can be highlighted as follows: the contents focuses, on one hand, different power quality issues, their sources and effects and different related standards, which are required for students, researchers and practising engineers and, on the other hand, measurement techniques for different power quality parameters, the content level is designed in such a way that the concepts of different power quality issues in modern power system are built up first, followed by some existing and new measurement methods. This content should attract the students, researchers and practising engineers, the predominant features are Lucid but concise description of the subject, detailed new measurement techniques and Electric Power Quality is intended for graduate, postgraduate and researchers as well as for professionals in the related fields. At the end, a chapter has been added which deals with a concept of generation of harmonics in a power system and its components.

Surajit Chattopadhyay has obtained B. Sc. Degree in Physics Honours from Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandir, B. Tech., M. Tech. And Ph. D. (Technology) Degree in electrical engineering from Department of Applied Physics of University of Calcutta. He has been involved in research work on power quality in the Department of Applied Physics. He is the recipient of award for 'best research paper' by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Government of West Bengal in 2005. He has authored 35 papers published in international and national journals and conferences. Three of his papers have been selected as best paper in international level. He has presented papers in Lyon, France, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Dhaka, Bangladesh. He has industrial experience on computer interfacing in electrical applications and for last eight years he has been involved in teaching profession in degree and post graduate level. Presently, he is assistant professor in Hooghly Engineering & Technology College and visiting faculty of Department of Applied Physics of University of Calcutta. He is member of IET (UK). His field of interest includes power system protection, power quality and computer interfacing in electrical applications. He has coauthored one book on Basic Electrical Engineering.Madhuchhanda Mitra has obtained B. Sc. Degree in Physics Honours, B. Tech., M. Tech. and Ph. D. Degree in Electrical Engineering from Univerisity of Calcutta. She has authored more than 60 papers published in international journal and proceedings of international conference. She is the recipient of many best paper awards in national and international level. Presently she is readerr in the Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta. Her field of interest power quality and medical instrumentation. She has coauthored a book on PLC and industrial automation.Samarjit Sengupta has obtained B. Sc. Degree in Physics Honours, B. Tech., M. Tech. and Ph. D. Degree in Electrical Engineering from Univerisity of Calcutta. He has authored more than 75 papers published in international journal and proceedings of international conference. He is the recipient of many best paper awards in national and international level. Presently he is professor and Head of the Department of Applied Physics, University of Calcutta. His field of interest includes power system protection, power quality and Power System Stability. He is vice chairman of IET (UK) Kolkata Network. He has coauthored books on Basic Electrical Engineering, PLC and industrial automation.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Chattopadhyay, Surajit

Mitra, Madhuchhanda

Sengupta, Samarjit

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Preface;6
3;Contents;8
4;List Principal Symbols and Acronyms;14
5;1 Introduction;22
5.1;1.1 Definition of Electric Power Quality;22
5.2;1.2 Sources for Electric Power Quality Deterioration in a Power System;22
5.3;1.3 Need for Assessment of Electric Power Quality;23
5.4;1.4 Book at a Glance;23
6;2 Electric Power Quality;25
6.1;2.1 Introduction;25
6.2;2.2 Electric Power Quality;25
6.3;2.3 Classification of Power System Disturbances;27
6.4;2.4 Power Quality Standards and Guidelines;28
7;3 Unbalance;33
7.1;3.1 Introduction;33
7.2;3.2 Unbalance in Three Phase Power System;33
7.3;3.3 Sources of Unbalance;34
7.4;3.4 Effect of Unbalance;34
8;4 Harmonics;36
8.1;4.1 Introduction;36
8.2;4.2 Fundamental Wave;36
8.3;4.3 Harmonics;37
8.4;4.4 Sources of Harmonics;40
8.4.1;4.4.1 Magnetization Nonlinearities of Transformers;41
8.4.2;4.4.2 Rotating Machine;42
8.4.3;4.4.3 Distortion Caused by Arcing Devices;43
8.4.4;4.4.4 Power Supplies with Semiconductor Devices;43
8.4.5;4.4.5 Inverter Fed AC drives;43
8.4.6;4.4.6 Thyristor Controlled Reactors;43
8.4.7;4.4.7 Phase Controller;44
8.4.8;4.4.8 AC Regulators;44
8.5;4.5 Effects of Harmonics;44
8.5.1;4.5.1 Resonance;45
8.5.2;4.5.2 Poor Damping;45
8.5.3;4.5.3 Effects of Harmonics on Rotating Machines;45
8.5.4;4.5.4 Effects of Harmonics on Transformers;46
8.5.5;4.5.5 Effects of Harmonics on Transmission System;46
8.5.6;4.5.6 Effects of Harmonics on Measuring Instruments;47
8.5.7;4.5.7 Harmonic Interference with Power System Protection;48
8.5.8;4.5.8 Effects of Harmonics on Capacitor Banks;48
8.5.9;4.5.9 Effects of Harmonics on Consumer Equipment;48
8.5.10;4.5.10 Summary of Effects of Harmonics;49
8.6;4.6 Harmonic Standard;50
8.6.1;4.6.1 The IEC Standard;50
8.6.2;4.6.2 IEEE 519-1992;51
8.6.3;4.6.3 General Harmonic Indices;52
9;5 Transients;54
9.1;5.1 Introduction;54
9.2;5.2 Power System Transients;54
9.3;5.3 Causes of Power System Transients;55
9.3.1;5.3.1 Impulsive Transients;56
9.3.2;5.3.2 Oscillatory Transients;56
9.3.3;5.3.3 Multiple Transients with a Single Cause;56
9.4;5.4 Effects;57
10;6 Sag, Swell, Interruption, Undervoltage and Overvoltage;58
10.1;6.1 Introduction;58
10.2;6.2 Sag;58
10.3;6.3 Swell;59
10.4;6.4 Interruption;59
10.5;6.5 Sustained Interruption;60
10.6;6.6 Undervoltage;60
10.7;6.7 Overvoltage;61
10.8;6.8 Discussion;61
11;7 DC Offset, Electric Noise, Voltage Fluctuation, Flicker and Power Frequency Variation;62
11.1;7.1 Introduction;62
11.2;7.2 DC Offset;62
11.3;7.3 Electric Noise;63
11.4;7.4 Voltage Fluctuation;63
11.5;7.5 Flicker;64
11.6;7.6 Power Frequency Variations;64
11.7;7.7 Discussion;64
12;8 Unbalance Assessment Using Sequence Components;66
12.1;8.1 Introduction;66
12.2;8.2 Sequence Component;66
12.2.1;8.2.1 Positive Sequence Current and Voltage Components;67
12.2.2;8.2.2 Negative Sequence Current and Voltage Components;68
12.2.3;8.2.3 Zero Sequence Current and Voltage Components;69
12.3;8.3 Phase Currents and Voltages;69
12.3.1;8.3.1 Balanced System;69
12.3.2;8.3.2 Unbalanced System;70
12.4;8.4 `a' Operator and Angle Representation in Complex Plane;71
12.5;8.5 Currents and Voltages in Terms of Sequence Components with `a' Operator;72
12.6;8.6 Case Study on Unbalance;73
12.6.1;8.6.1 Single Phasing in Induction Motor;73
12.6.2;8.6.2 Line Currents during Single Phasing;73
12.6.3;8.6.3 Sequence Components in Single Phasing;74
12.6.4;8.6.4 Line Currents and Sequence Components;78
12.7;8.7 Definition of Unbalance: An Alternate Approach;80
13;9 Unbalance Assessment Using Feature Pattern Extraction Method;82
13.1;9.1 Introduction;82
13.2;9.2 Feature Pattern Extraction Method;82
13.3;9.3 Unbalance and FPEM;83
13.4;9.4 CMS Rule Set for Unbalance Assessment by FPEM;86
13.5;9.5 Algorithm for Unbalance Assessment;92
13.6;9.6 Discussion;93
14;10 Useful Tools for Harmonic Assessment;95
14.1;10.1 Introduction;95
14.2;10.2 Fourier Series;96
14.3;10.3 Fourier Transform;97
14.4;10.4 Discrete Fourier Transform;98
14.5;10.5 Fast Fourier Transform;98
14.6;10.6 Hartley Transform and Discrete Hartley Transform;99
14.7;10.7 Wavelet Transform;99
14.8;10.8 Discussion;100
15;11 Harmonic Assessment Using FPEM in V-V and I-I Planes;101
15.1;11.1 Introduction;101
15.2;11.2 Harmonic Assessment by FPEM;101
15.3;11.3 Patterns in V-V Planes in Presence of Harmonic;102
15.4;11.4 CMS Rule for Determination of Highest order of Dominating Harmonics;104
15.5;11.5 Limitation of FPEM for Harmonic Assessment in V-V and I-I Plane;105
15.6;11.6 Algorithm for Real Power System Data;105
15.7;11.7 Discussions;106
16;12 Clarke and Park Transform;107
16.1;12.1 Introduction;107
16.2;12.2 Current Space Vector;107
16.3;12.3 Stationary Reference Frame;108
16.4;12.4 General Rotating Reference Frame;110
16.5;12.5 d-q Rotating Reference Frame;111
16.6;12.6 Transformation Matrices;112
16.7;12.7 Discussion;114
17;13 Harmonics Assessment by FPEM in Clarke and Park Planes;115
17.1;13.1 Introduction;115
17.2;13.2 Harmonic Analysis in Clarke Plane;116
17.3;13.3 Harmonic Analysis in Park Plane;121
17.4;13.4 Discussion;124
18;14 Harmonic Assessment by Area Based Technique in V--V and I--I Planes;125
18.1;14.1 Introduction;125
18.2;14.2 Area Based Technique (ABT);125
18.2.1;14.2.1 Area and Powers;125
18.2.2;14.2.2 Fundamental Frequency and Reference Signal for Assessment of Fundamental Component;127
18.2.3;14.2.3 Reference Signal for Assessmentof Harmonic Components;128
18.2.4;14.2.4 Contribution of Fundamental Component;129
18.2.5;14.2.5 Contribution of Harmonic Components;130
18.2.6;14.2.6 CMS Equations for Total Harmonic Distortion Factors;131
18.3;14.3 Algorithm;131
18.4;14.4 Discussion;131
19;15 Harmonic Assessment by Area Based Technique in Clarke and Park Planes;133
19.1;15.1 Introduction;133
19.2;15.2 Voltage and Current in Clarke (bold0mu mumu Raw-bold0mu mumu Raw) Plane;134
19.3;15.3 Reference Signal for Assessment of Fundamental Component;135
19.4;15.4 Fundamental Components in Clarke Plane;135
19.5;15.5 Harmonic Components in Clarke Plane;137
19.6;15.6 CMS Equations for Total Harmonic Distortion in Clarke Plane;139
19.7;15.7 Voltages and Currents in Park (d--q) Plane;140
19.8;15.8 Reference Signal in Park Plane;141
19.9;15.9 Fundamental Components in Park Plane;142
19.10;15.10 Harmonic Components in Park Plane;144
19.11;15.11 CMS Equations for Total Harmonic Distortion Factors;146
19.12;15.12 Discussion;147
20;16 Assessment of Power Components by FPEM and ABT;148
20.1;16.1 Introduction;148
20.2;16.2 Power Components by FPEM;148
20.3;16.3 CMS Rule Set for Power Components by FPEM;153
20.4;16.4 Limitations of CMS Rule Set for Power Components by FPEM;154
20.5;16.5 Power Component Assessment by Area Based Technique;154
20.6;16.6 Power Components of R, Y and B Phases;155
20.6.1;16.6.1 Contribution of Fundamental Components;155
20.6.2;16.6.2 Contribution of Harmonic Components;156
20.6.3;16.7.1 Contribution of Fundamental Components;157
20.6.4;16.7.2 Contribution of Harmonic Components;159
20.7;16.8 Power Components in Park Plane;162
20.7.1;16.8.1 Contribution of Fundamental Components;162
20.7.2;16.8.2 Contribution of Harmonic Components in Park Plane;164
20.8;16.9 CMS Equations for Power Distortion Factors;166
20.8.1;16.9.1 Active Power Distortion Factor in Phase R;166
20.8.2;16.9.2 Reactive Power Distortion Factor in Phase R;166
20.8.3;16.9.3 Apparent Power Distortion Factor in Phase R;166
20.8.4;16.9.4 Active Power Distortion Factor in Clarke Plane;167
20.8.5;16.9.5 Reactive Power Distortion Factor in Clarke Plane;167
20.8.6;16.9.6 Active Power Distortion Factor in Park Plane;167
20.8.7;16.9.7 Reactive Power Distortion Factor in Park Plane;167
20.9;16.10 Discussion;168
21;17 Transients Analysis;169
21.1;17.1 Introduction;169
21.2;17.2 Sub-band Filters;169
21.3;17.3 Model Based Approaches;170
21.4;17.4 ESPRIT Method;171
21.5;17.5 Suitability of ESPRIT;171
21.6;17.6 Discussion;172
22;18 Passivity and Activity Based Models of Polyphase System;174
22.1;18.1 Introduction;174
22.2;18.2 Passivity Based Model;174
22.2.1;18.2.1 Mathematical Model;174
22.2.2;18.2.2 Equivalent Circuit of Passive Model of a Polyphase System;176
22.2.3;18.2.3 Layer Based Representation of Passive Impedances;177
22.2.4;18.2.4 Limitation of Passive Model;178
22.3;18.3 CMS Activity Based Model;178
22.3.1;18.3.1 Mathematical Model;178
22.3.2;18.3.2 Equivalent Circuit of Active Model;179
22.3.3;18.3.3 Layer Based Representation of Active Model;180
22.4;18.4 Mutual Interaction of Voltage and Current of Different Frequencies in Park Plane;182
22.5;18.5 Active Model of a System having Harmonics up to Third Order: A Case Study;182
22.6;18.6 Nature of Active Impedance;184
22.7;18.7 Case Study of Active Model on Poly-phase Induction Machine;185
22.8;18.8 Discussion;190
23;Index;191