Chelkowski Fusarium

Mycotoxins, Taxonomy, Pathogenicity
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9785-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 2, 504 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Topics in Secondary Metabolism

Specialists from a number of different disciplines have contributed to this book which presents actual basic and applied findings on Fusarium species, on their metabolites and taxonomy, in connection with pathogenicity to cereal plants and potato tubers. Over 100 metabolites produced by Fusaria are described together with results of studies on their occurrence in agricultural products, their metabolism in farm animals, and possibilities of elmination and detoxification during technological processes. Pathogenic Fusarium species are described from the point of view of their taxonomy, profiles of produced metabolites, ecology, pathogenicity and interaction with cereal tissues. Finally, some actual solutions to avoid cereal grain contamination are discussed, mainly in connection with agricultural practices and breeding programmes.The interdisciplinary and comprehensive nature of the book makes it particularly useful to all who are studying or teaching plant pathology, plant breeding, animal nutrition and any other area in which Fusaria and their metabolites play an important role.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Chelkowski, J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Fusarium: Mycotoxins, Taxonomy and Pahtogenicity;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;8
6;Preface;10
7;Chapter 1. Metabolites oiFusarium;14
7.1;GENERAL REFERENCES;15
7.2;PIGMENTS (1-30 );15
7.2.1;REFERENCES;21
7.3;ANTIBIOTICS (1-16 );23
7.3.1;REFERENCES;25
7.4;TRICHOTHECENES (1-48 );26
7.4.1;REFERENCES;36
7.5;ZEARALENON E DERIVATIVE S (1-12 );38
7.5.1;REFERENCES;40
7.6;MYCOTOXINS (1-12 );41
7.6.1;REFERENCES;44
7.7;PHYTOTOXINS (1-7 );45
7.7.1;REFERENCES;45
7.8;MISCELLANEOUS (1-36 );46
7.8.1;REFERENCES;51
8;Chapter 2. Fusarin C;54
8.1;1. INTRODUCTION;54
8.2;2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FUSARIN C;54
8.3;3. RELATED METABOLITES;56
8.4;4. TOXICOLOGY;57
8.5;5. PRODUCTION OF FUSARIN C;60
8.6;6. BIOSYNTHESIS;62
8.7;7. METHODS OF ANALYSIS;62
8.8;8. NATURAL OCCURRENCE;63
8.9;REFERENCES;64
9;Chapter 3. Mycotoxins associated with corn cob fusariosis;66
9.1;INTRODUCTION;66
9.2;SYMPTOMS OF CORN COB FUSARIOSI S AND INVOLVED SPECIE S;67
9.3;MYCOTOXINS PRESENT I N INFECTE D COBS;71
9.4;OUTLOOK;72
9.5;REFERENCES;73
10;Chapter 4. Formation of mycotoxins produced by Fusaria in heads of wheat, triticale and rye;76
10.1;INTRODUCTION;76
10.2;1. SYMPTOMS;77
10.3;2. PATHOGENS;83
10.4;3. MYCOTOXINS;86
10.5;4. SIMPLIFIE D METHOD T O PREDICT CONTAMINATION OF SMALL GRAIN CEREALS WIT H VOMITOXI N;89
10.6;OUTLOOK;93
10.7;REFERENCES;93
11;Chapter 5. Fusanum species and their mycotoxins in infected cereals in the field and in stored grains;98
11.1;1. INTRODUCTION;98
11.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;100
11.3;3. SURVEYS AND RESULTS;106
11.4;4. REFERENCES;128
12;Chapter 6. Application oiArtemia salina L. bioassay for screening of Fusaria toxins;134
12.1;Introduction;134
12.2;A Sample preparation;135
12.3;B Breeding of the Artemia salina L. larvae;135
12.4;C Procedure;137
12.5;Results;139
12.6;Discussion;141
12.7;References;142
12.8;Acknowledgment;143
13;Chapter 7. Trichothecene poisonings on fish;144
13.1;1. INTRODUCTION;144
13.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL FUSARIUM MYCOTOXICOSES ON FIS H;144
13.3;3 A N EPIDEMI C LIKEL Y CAUSED B Y TRICHOTHECENES;147
13.4;REFERENCES;150
14;Chapter 8. Metabolism of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol by farm animals;152
14.1;INTRODUCTION;152
14.2;T-2 TOXIN;153
14.3;DIACETOXYSCIRPENOL;165
14.4;DEOXYNIVALENOL;170
14.5;CONCLUSIONS;173
14.6;LITERATURE CITED;175
15;Chapter 9. Metabolism of zearalenone in farm animals;180
15.1;INTRODUCTION;180
15.2;COMPARATIVE METABOLISM OF ZEARALENONE;183
15.3;OUTLOOK;188
15.4;REFERENCES;188
16;Chapter 10. Identification of Fusaria occurring in Europe on cereals and potatoes;192
16.1;TABLE 1 Fusaria occurring in Europe;193
16.2;TABLE 2 Key to the sections;200
16.3;TABLE 3 Synoptic key to the species;201
16.4;TABLE 4 Dichotomous key to the species;203
16.5;REFERENCES;206
17;Chapter 11. Taxonomy and nomenclature of Microdochium nivale (Fusarium nivale);208
17.1;REFERENCES;211
18;Chapter 12. Fusarium species and their specific profiles of secondary metabolites;212
18.1;I. INTRODUCTION;212
18.2;II. PROFILE S O F SECONDARY METABOLITES WITHI N FUSARIUM;213
18.3;III. PERSPECTIVES O N SECONDARY METABOLITES A S TAXONOMIC CRITERI A WITHI N TH E GENUS FUSARIUM.;228
18.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENT S;232
18.5;IV. REFERENCES;232
19;Chapter 13. Growth regulators formed by Fusaria: their significance for fungus growth, sporulation and pathogenicity towards the host plant;240
19.1;1. TH E SYNTHESIS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS B Y FUSARIA;240
19.2;2. THE EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON MYCELIUM GROWTH;244
19.3;3. THE EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON SP0RULATI0N;247
19.4;4. THE EFFECT OF GROWT REGULATORS ON SPORE GERMINATION;248
19.5;5- PHYTOHORMONE CHANGES IN PLANTS INFECTED WITH FUSA&Ifi;249
19.6;6. CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS;251
19.7;CONCLUSIONS;252
19.8;REFERENCES;252
20;Chapter 14. The role of cutinase and cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Fusaria in pathogenesis;256
20.1;CUTINASE;256
20.2;ENZYMES DEGRADING CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDE COMPONENTS;257
20.3;PROTEASES;264
20.4;OUTLOOK;264
20.5;REFERENCES;265
21;Chapter 15. Phytotoxicity of Fusarium metabolites in relation to pathogenicity;270
21.1;PHYTOTOXICITY OF FUSARIUM CULTURE EXTRACTS;270
21.2;PHYTOTOXICITY OF TRICHOTHECENES AND ZEARALENONE;271
21.3;THE ROLES OF FUSARIUM METABOLITES I N PATHOGENESIS;275
21.4;OUTLOOK;278
21.5;REFERENCES;278
22;Chapter 16. Epidemiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) scab caused by Fusarium spp.;282
22.1;Overview of the Disease and the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol;282
22.2;Scab Control and Reduction of DON Levels by Cultural Practices;285
22.3;Reducing Levels of DON by Post-Harvest Practices;290
22.4;Literature Cited;291
23;Chapter 17. Fusarium diseases of wheat and triticale in some regions of Eastern Europe;296
23.1;References;305
24;Chapter 18. Maize diseases caused by Fusaria: involved species and mycotoxins;310
24.1;Introduction;310
24.2;1. Taxonomy of Fusarium species;310
24.3;2. Seedling infection;312
24.4;3. Root infection;314
24.5;4. Stalk rot;318
24.6;5. Cob rot;323
24.7;6. Toxin production by Fusarium species;325
24.8;Literature;328
25;Chapter 19. Epidemiology of corn (Zea mays L.) ear rot caused by Fusarium spp.;332
25.1;Species;332
25.2;Mycotoxins;333
25.3;Isolates;333
25.4;Inoculum;334
25.5;Host Susceptibility;334
25.6;Disease Development;335
25.7;Control;336
25.7.1;Fungicides;336
25.7.2;Cultivars;336
25.7.3;Agronomic Practices;337
25.8;Outlook;338
25.9;Literature Cited;338
26;Chapter 20. Fusaria as pathogens of cereal seedlings;342
26.1;INTRODUCTION;342
26.2;SYMPTOMS ON SEEDLINGS;343
26.3;ECOLOGY OF SEEDLINGS' PATHOGENS;348
26.4;PATHOGENICITY OF FUSARI A TOWARDS SEEDLINGS;351
26.5;OUTLOOK;361
26.6;REFERENCES;362
27;Chapter 21. Progress in breeding of wheat and corn genotypes not susceptible to infection by Fusaria;370
27.1;Possibilities for control;370
27.2;Prevention: Resistant genotypes ?;371
27.3;Progress in breeding wheat for head blig t resistance;373
27.4;Progress in breeding for resistance to fusariosis in corn;386
27.5;Conclusions;391
27.6;Literature;392
28;Chapter 22. Fusaria as hyperparasites of Claviceps species;400
28.1;INTRODUCTION;400
28.2;FUSARIUM HYPERPARASITES;401
28.3;PATHOGENICITY OF ERGOT FUSARIA TO PLANTS;403
28.4;MECHANISM OF ERGOT PARASITISM BY FUSARIA;404
28.5;DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF ERGOT FUNGI TO PARASITISM;406
28.6;PRODUCTION OF TOXINS BY F. HETEROSPORUM;407
28.7;CONCLUSIONS;407
28.8;REFERENCES;408
29;Chapter 23. Fate of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals during food processing and methods for their detoxification;412
29.1;1. INTRODUCTION;412
29.2;2. CHEMICAL STABILITY;413
29.3;3. PROCESSING;416
29.4;4. DECONTAMINATION;426
29.5;REFERENCES;429
30;Chapter 24. Fusaria as pathogens of potato tubers and their pathogenicity;434
30.1;Fusarium species pathogenic to potatoes;434
30.2;WOLLENWEBER and REINKING presented four common pathogens: Fusarium;434
30.3;Occurrence of Fusarium species;436
30.4;Variation in the pathogenecity of the fungi;438
30.5;Variation in tuber resistance;440
30.6;REFERENCES;442
31;Chapter 25. Toxinogenicity of Fusarium species causing dry rot of potato tubers;448
31.1;INTRODUCTION;448
31.2;MYCOTOXINS PRODUCED B Y PATHOGENS OF POTATO TUBERS;448
31.3;OUTLOOK;452
31.4;REFERENCES;452
32;Chapter 26. Contamination of cereals and feed with Fusarium mycotoxins in European countries;454
32.1;INTRODUCTION;454
32.2;OCCURRENCE OF TYPE A - TRICHOTHECENES;455
32.3;OCCURRENCE OF TYPE B - TRICHOTHECENES;462
32.4;OCCURRENCE OF ZEARALENONE;471
32.5;CO-OCCURRENCE OF FUSARIUM MYCOTOXINS;478
32.6;CONCLUDING REMARKS;479
32.7;Acknowledgement;480
32.8;REFERENCES;481
33;Glossary;486
34;Subject Index;498