Chi LED-Based Visible Light Communications

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-662-56660-2
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 256 Seiten

Reihe: Signals and Communication Technology

The book systematically introduces the visible light communication (VLC) technology in detail. Basic concepts and how to realize the system are both illustrated, including the transmitter, channel, and the receiver. In addition, a good many experimental results are presented to help readers further understand the VLC technologies. The upper-layer protocols of visible light communication system and the technology trends are also discussed. This book can be a good reference work for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of communications, LED, and optics.

Prof. Nan CHi received the B.S. degree and Ph.D degree in electrical engineering from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China in 1996 and 2001, respectively. From July 2001 to December 2004, she worked as assistant professor at the Research Center COM, Technical University of Denmark. From January 2005 to April 2006, she was a research associate at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom. Then in June 2006, she joined Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, where she worked as a full professor. She joined the Fudan University since June 2008, in School of Information Science and Engineering. She is the author or co-author of more than 200 papers. She has been the chair of APOC 2007 OSRT workshop and ACP 2010. She served as the technical program committee member of many conferences such as APOC 08, ICAIT09, ACP 2011, WOCC 2012 and ACP 2013. She has been awarded as the New Century Excellent Talents Awards from the Education Ministry of China, Shanghai Shu Guang scholarship, Japanese OKAWA intelligence Fund Award, Pujiang talent of Shanghai City, Ten Outstanding IT Young Persons awards of Shanghai City. Her research interests are in the area of coherent optical transmission, visible light communication and optical packet/burst switching.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Chi, Nan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;9
3;1 Outline;13
3.1;1.1 Introduction;13
3.2;1.2 LED Market Trends;14
3.3;1.3 The History of Visible Light Communication;16
3.4;1.4 The Composition of the Visible Light Communication System;19
3.5;1.5 Advantages of Visible Light Communication Technology;20
3.6;1.6 Research Trends;21
3.7;1.7 Brief Summary;22
3.8;References;22
4;2 The Transmitter of the Visible Light Communication System;24
4.1;2.1 Summary of the LED;24
4.1.1;2.1.1 The Development of the LED Light Source;24
4.1.2;2.1.2 The LED’s Luminescence Mechanism;26
4.1.3;2.1.3 Characteristics of a LED;28
4.1.4;2.1.4 The Types of White LEDs;33
4.2;2.2 The PC-LED (Phosphor-Converted LED);35
4.2.1;2.2.1 The PC-LED’s Material and Spectral Characteristics;35
4.2.2;2.2.2 The PC-LED’s Structure;36
4.2.3;2.2.3 The PC-LED’s Illumination Effect;37
4.3;2.3 The RGB-LED;38
4.4;2.4 The RGB + UV-LED;40
4.5;2.5 The LED’s Illumination Light Field and Visual Design;42
4.5.1;2.5.1 Features of the LED Illumination Light Field;42
4.5.2;2.5.2 The Main LED Optical Design Forms;43
4.6;2.6 Summary;46
4.7;2.7 LED Driving;46
4.7.1;2.7.1 The Physical Device of LED Driving;46
4.7.2;2.7.2 The LED’s Driving Mode;47
4.7.3;2.7.3 The LED’s Drive Circuit Design;47
4.8;References;49
5;3 Models of the Visible Light Channel;50
5.1;3.1 The LED Frequency Response Model;50
5.1.1;3.1.1 The White LED Frequency Response Model;50
5.1.2;3.1.2 The LED Frequency Response Model After Blue-Light Filtering;51
5.2;3.2 The Modulation Bandwidth of Various LEDs;52
5.2.1;3.2.1 The LED’s Modulation Bandwidth;53
5.2.2;3.2.2 The Modulation Bandwidth of Various LEDs;55
5.3;3.3 Multipath Reflection Modeling;56
5.3.1;3.3.1 The Indoor Optical Communication Link Way;56
5.3.2;3.3.2 VLC Channel Modeling;58
5.3.3;3.3.3 A Basic Analysis of the VLC’s System Performance;61
5.4;3.4 The Photon Model;62
5.4.1;3.4.1 The Model Design;62
5.4.2;3.4.2 The Simulation Process and Data Analysis;64
5.5;3.5 Nonlinearity of VLC Communication System;67
5.6;3.6 Summary;68
5.7;References;68
6;4 Visible Light Communication Receiving Technology;70
6.1;4.1 The Silicon-Based PIN Photodetector;70
6.1.1;4.1.1 The PIN Structure and Its Working Principle;71
6.1.2;4.1.2 Parameters;74
6.1.3;4.1.3 The Device Preparation Technology;79
6.2;4.2 The Narrowband Blue Light Detector;80
6.3;4.3 Blu-Ray Filters;87
6.3.1;4.3.1 An Overview;87
6.3.2;4.3.2 The Basic Principles and Calculation Methods;89
6.3.3;4.3.3 Blu-Ray Filter Design;91
6.3.4;4.3.4 Design Examples;96
6.3.5;4.3.5 Preparation;97
6.4;4.4 The Detector Circuit Design;97
6.4.1;4.4.1 Adaptive Receiver Technology;98
6.4.2;4.4.2 The Clock Extraction and Recovery Circuit;99
6.4.3;4.4.3 Receiver Equalization Technology;100
6.5;4.5 Summary;100
6.6;References;101
7;5 The Modulation Technologies of Visible Light Communication;102
7.1;5.1 OOK Modulation Format;102
7.1.1;5.1.1 The Principle of the OOK Modulation Format;102
7.1.2;5.1.2 The BER Performance of OOK;104
7.1.3;5.1.3 System Implementation and Waveform Testing;105
7.2;5.2 The PPM and PMW Modulation Technologies;106
7.3;5.3 DMT Modulation Technology;109
7.3.1;5.3.1 The Principle of DMT Modulation and Demodulation;109
7.3.2;5.3.2 The Application of DMT Modulation in VLC;111
7.4;5.4 OFDM Modulation Technology;111
7.5;5.5 CAP Modulation Technology;115
7.6;5.6 PAM Modulation Technology;117
7.6.1;5.6.1 The Introduction of PAM Modulation;117
7.6.2;5.6.2 The System of PAM-VLC;118
7.7;5.7 Summary;120
7.8;References;120
8;6 Visible Light Communication Pre-equalization Technology;122
8.1;6.1 Hardware Pre-equalization Circuit;122
8.1.1;6.1.1 Hardware Pre-equalization Circuit Simulation;124
8.1.2;6.1.2 Hardware Pre-equalization Circuit Experimental Verification;126
8.2;6.2 Software Pre-equalization;129
8.2.1;6.2.1 Pre-equalization Technology Based on FIR Filter;130
8.2.1.1;6.2.1.1 Principle of FIR Filter;130
8.2.1.2;6.2.1.2 Time Domain Equalizer;131
8.2.1.3;6.2.1.3 The Design of a Pre-equalizer Based on a FIR Filter;132
8.2.2;6.2.2 Software Pre-equalization Technology Based on OFDM;137
8.2.3;6.2.3 Quasi-linear Pre-equalization;139
8.3;6.3 Summary;143
8.4;References;143
9;7 Visible Light Communication Post-equalization Technology;144
9.1;7.1 Time Domain Equalization Technique;144
9.1.1;7.1.1 CMA Algorithm;144
9.1.2;7.1.2 CMMA Algorithm;147
9.1.3;7.1.3 M-CMMA Algorithm;149
9.1.4;7.1.4 DD-LMS Algorithm;150
9.1.5;7.1.5 S-MCMMA Algorithm;151
9.1.6;7.1.6 RLS Algorithm;153
9.2;7.2 Frequency Domain Equalization Algorithm;154
9.2.1;7.2.1 Pilot-Aided Channel Estimation Algorithm;155
9.2.2;7.2.2 SC-FED Algorithm;156
9.3;7.3 Nonlinear Equalization Algorithm;157
9.3.1;7.3.1 Volterra Series Algorithm;157
9.3.2;7.3.2 Memoryless Power Series Algorithm;159
9.4;7.4 Summary;160
9.5;References;160
10;8 High-Speed VLC Communication System Experiments;162
10.1;8.1 Advanced Modulation Technology in VLC System;162
10.1.1;8.1.1 Single-Carrier Modulation Based on Frequency Domain Equalization;163
10.1.2;8.1.2 CAP Modulation Technology;165
10.1.2.1;8.1.2.1 CAP Modulation;165
10.1.2.2;8.1.2.2 Experiment of CAP Modulation;166
10.1.3;8.1.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM);174
10.1.3.1;8.1.3.1 OFDM Modulation;174
10.1.3.2;8.1.3.2 ACO-OFDM Modulation;177
10.1.4;8.1.4 Bit-Loading OFDM;185
10.2;8.2 Multi-user Access and Bidirectional VLC System;190
10.2.1;8.2.1 The Multiple-Input and Single-Output System;190
10.2.1.1;8.2.1.1 The 2?×?1 MISO-OFDM VLC Experiment;193
10.2.1.2;8.2.1.2 The 3?×?1 MISO-OFDM VLC Experiment;195
10.2.2;8.2.2 Bidirectional Transmission;195
10.2.2.1;8.2.2.1 Time Division Duplexing;196
10.2.2.2;8.2.2.2 Frequency Division Duplexing;196
10.3;8.3 VLC Multidimensional Multiplexing;201
10.3.1;8.3.1 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM);202
10.3.2;8.3.2 Subcarrier Multiplexing (SCM);205
10.3.3;8.3.3 Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM);209
10.4;8.4 The VLC MIMO;215
10.4.1;8.4.1 The Imaging MIMO;216
10.4.1.1;8.4.1.1 The Imaging MIMO Model;217
10.4.1.2;8.4.1.2 The 2?×?2 Imaging MIMO VLC Experiment;220
10.4.2;8.4.2 The Nonimaging MIMO;224
10.4.2.1;8.4.2.1 The Nonimaging MIMO Model;225
10.4.2.2;8.4.2.2 The 2?×?2 Nonimaging MIMO VLC Experiment;225
10.4.3;8.4.3 The Equal Gain Combining STBC;230
10.4.3.1;8.4.3.1 The Principle of EGC-STBC;231
10.4.3.2;8.4.3.2 The 2?×?2 MIMO VLC System Based on EGC-STBC;233
10.5;8.5 The VLC Network;234
10.5.1;8.5.1 The Integrated Network of VLC and MMF;235
10.5.2;8.5.2 The Integrated Network of VLC and PON;238
10.5.3;8.5.3 The High-Speed Full-Duplex VLC Access Network;240
10.6;8.6 Summary;241
10.7;References;242
11;9 Visible Light Communication Technology Development Trend;244
11.1;9.1 Surface Plasma LED;244
11.2;9.2 Visual Imaging Communication;245
11.3;9.3 Key Issues of VLC Networking;248
11.3.1;9.3.1 Visible Light Source Layout;248
11.3.2;9.3.2 Visible Network Switching Technology;249
11.3.3;9.3.3 Optical Network Access Control;250
11.4;9.4 Visible Optical Communication Integrated Chip;250
11.4.1;9.4.1 LED Emission Array;251
11.4.2;9.4.2 PIN-Receiving Array;251
11.4.3;9.4.3 Dedicated Visible Light Integrated Communication Chip;252
11.5;9.5 Future Expectations;253
11.6;9.6 Summary;254
11.7;References;255