Clarke / Fisher Population Geography

Pergamon Oxford Geographies
2. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6140-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 188 Seiten, Web PDF

Population Geography, Second Edition focuses on the relationships between population distribution and environment. This book aims to introduce population study, explain the geographical approach, and suggest a frame on which to hang regional studies of population. This edition begins by defining population geography, followed by a discussion on the types and problems of data and world distribution of population. The measures of population density and distribution, urban and rural populations, patterns of fertility and mortality, and migrations are elaborated. The patterns of population composition that includes age-structure, sex-composition, marital status, families and households, economic composition, nationality, language, religion, and ethnic composition are also considered. This text concludes with a discussion on population growth and resources. This publication is intended as an introduction to population study for geographers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Clarke, John I.

Fisher, W. B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Population Geography;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS;8
6;PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION;10
7;PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION;12
8;CHAPTER I. WHAT IS POPULATION GEOGRAPHY ?;14
8.1;Man in Geography;14
8.2;Population Geography and Demography;15
8.3;Eastern and Western Views of Population Geography;16
8.4;Human Populations;18
8.5;References;18
9;CHAPTER II. TYPES AND PROBLEMS OF DATA;20
9.1;Quality of Data;20
9.2;Types of Population Data;20
9.3;The Census;21
9.4;Vital Registration;22
9.5;Sample Surveys;22
9.6;Migration Records;23
9.7;Other Sources of Data;24
9.8;Areal Units;24
9.9;References;25
10;CHAPTER III. WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION;26
10.1;Diversity of Distribution;26
10.2;Influences upon Population Distribution;27
10.3;Continentality and Insularity;29
10.4;Vertical Distribution of Population;30
10.5;Population and Relief;32
10.6;The Influence of Climate;33
10.7;Population and Soils;35
10.8;Biotic Factors;36
10.9;Disease and Hunger;36
10.10;The Attraction of Mineral and Energy Resources;37
10.11;Population Distribution and Economic Activities;38
10.12;Historical and Social Influences;39
10.13;References;40
11;CHAPTER IV. MEASURES OF POPULATION DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION;41
11.1;Areal Distributions;41
11.2;Population Density;41
11.3;Man/Land Use Densities;42
11.4;Economic Density of Population;44
11.5;Persons per Room;45
11.6;Central Tendency of Population Distributions;46
11.7;Measures of Dispersion of Population;49
11.8;Population Potential;51
11.9;Measures of Population Concentration;53
11.10;Measures of Population Spacing;56
11.11;Measures of Spatial Association;56
11.12;References;57
12;CHAPTER V. URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS;59
12.1;Urban–Rural Classification;59
12.2;Built-up Areas;61
12.3;Urban–Rural Ratios;62
12.4;Urbanization;62
12.5;Frequency Distribution of Towns by Size;64
12.6;The Rank–Size Rule and Urban Hierarchy;66
12.7;Large Cities;68
12.8;Urban Population Densities;70
12.9;Rural Population Categories;74
12.10;Rural Population Patterns;76
12.11;References;76
13;CHAPTER VI. PATTERNS OF POPULATION COMPOSITION;78
13.1;Population Composition;78
13.2;1· AGE-STRUCTURE;79
13.2.1;Age-groups;79
13.2.2;Age-indices;82
13.2.3;Age-pyramids;82
13.2.4;Ageing of Population;84
13.2.5;Differential Age-structure;85
13.3;2. SEX-COMPOSITION;89
13.3.1;Patterns of Sex-ratios;89
13.3.2;The Preponderance of Male Births;89
13.3.3;Different Mortality of the Sexes;90
13.3.4;Migrations and Sex-ratios;90
13.4;3. MARITAL STATUS;93
13.4.1;The Single Population;93
13.4.2;Marriage;93
13.4.3;Widowhood;95
13.4.4;Divorce;95
13.5;4. FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS;96
13.5.1;The Forms and Sizes of Families;96
13.5.2;The Classification of Households;98
13.5.3;Patterns of Households;99
13.6;5. ECONOMIC COMPOSITION;100
13.6.1;Active Population;100
13.6.2;Unemployment;102
13.6.3;Industrial Composition;103
13.6.4;Occupational Composition;107
13.6.5;Industrial Status and Social Structure;107
13.6.6;Socio-economic Groups;108
13.7;6. NATIONALITY;110
13.7.1;Nation and Nationality;110
13.7.2;Legal Nationality;110
13.7.3;The Distribution of Foreigners;112
13.8;7. LANGUAGE;113
13.8.1;Types of Data;113
13.8.2;Language Families;113
13.8.3;The Spread of Language;114
13.8.4;Languages and Nations;115
13.9;8. RELIGION;116
13.9.1;Inadequacy of Data;116
13.9.2;The Distribution of Religions;116
13.9.3;Divisions and Dynamism;117
13.10;9. ETHNIC COMPOSITION;118
13.10.1;References;119
14;CHAPTER VII. PATTERNS OF FERTILITY;122
14.1;Fluctuations in Fertility;122
14.2;Indices of Fertility;123
14.3;World Patterns of Fertility;124
14.4;Fertility Trends;124
14.5;Differential FertiUty;127
15;CHAPTER VIII. PATTERNS OF MORTALITY;131
15.1;Characteristics of Mortality;131
15.2;Indices of Mortality;132
15.3;World Patterns of Mortality;134
15.4;Mortality Trends;134
15.5;Differential Mortality;136
15.6;Causes of Death;139
15.7;References;142
16;CHAPTER IX. MIGRATIONS;143
16.1;The Mobility of Man;143
16.2;Classification and Terminology;143
16.3;Differential Migration;144
16.4;1. INTERNAL MIGRATIONS;145
16.4.1;Measurement;145
16.4.2;Causes and Characteristics;145
16.4.3;Seasonal Miigrations;147
16.4.4;Periodic Migrations;149
16.4.5;Rural–Urban, Urban–Rural and Intra-urban Migrations;149
16.4.6;Journey to Work and Leisure;151
16.4.7;Inter-regional Migrations;152
16.5;2. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATIONS;153
16.5.1;Determinants;153
16.5.2;Consequences;155
16.5.3;Recent International Migrations;155
16.5.4;References;157
17;CHAPTER X. POPULATION GROWTH;159
17.1;Measures of Population Growth and Replacement;159
17.2;Population Projections;162
17.3;Population Theories;163
17.4;Attitudes to Population Growth;164
17.5;Population Policies;165
17.6;World Population Growth;167
17.7;Types of Population Growth;170
17.8;Population Growth in Underdeveloped Countries;172
17.9;Local Population Changes;173
17.10;References;174
18;CHAPTER XI. POPULATION AND RESOURCES;176
18.1;Evaluations and Indices;176
18.2;Optimum Population;177
18.3;Overpopulation;178
18.4;Maadmum Population;179
18.5;Underpopulation;179
18.6;Minimum Population;180
18.7;The World Situation;180
18.8;References;183
19;INDEX;184