Cole / Haresign Recent Developments in Pig Nutrition

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-4091-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 334 Seiten, Web PDF

Recent Developments in Pig Nutrition shows the updates in the nutrition and the evaluation of energy needs in raising and breeding pigs. The book covers the energy requirement of pigs; the effects of climatic variables on the nutrition and energy of pigs; and the prediction of energy content in pig feeds. The availability and importance of proteins and amino acids in pig feeds are also discussed. The text also explains the importance of vitamins and minerals in the diet of pigs; the nutritional needs of the different sexes of pigs and piglets; and the processing and evaluation of cereals for pig diets. The monograph is recommended for those in piggery business, who want to know more about the importance of pig nutrition and be updated with the different findings in the field. The book will also be good for animal nutritionists who concern themselves with pig feeds and for veterinarians who specialize in pigs.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cole, D J A

Haresign, W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Recent Developments in Pig Nutrition;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;INTRODUCTION;10
6;CHAPTER 1. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF PIGS;14
6.1;Assessment of requirements;14
6.2;The energy requirements for growth;15
6.3;The energy requirements during pregnancy;23
6.4;The energy requirements during lactation;25
6.5;Conclusions;25
6.6;References;28
7;CHAPTER 2. THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC VARIABLES ON ENERGY METABOLISM AND ASSOCIATED ASPECTS OF PRODUCTIVITY IN THE PIG;31
7.1;Introduction;31
7.2;Exchange of heat between the pig and its environment;31
7.3;Analysis of experimental results for heat production and heat loss of pigs;35
7.4;References;51
8;CHAPTER 3. CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENT AND PRACTICAL NUTRITION OF THE GROWING PIG;54
8.1;Introduction;54
8.2;Comparison of energy systems;54
8.3;Metrication;57
8.4;Energy calculations;57
8.5;Partition of energy;60
8.6;Maintenance;60
8.7;Protein turnover;61
8.8;Protein deposition;61
8.9;Energy cost of cold thermogenesis;63
8.10;Lipid deposition;63
8.11;Efficiency of energy conversion;63
8.12;Energy conservation;63
8.13;Energy/protein ratios;68
8.14;Carcase yield;69
8.15;Carcase quality;69
8.16;Conclusions;70
8.17;References;71
9;CHAPTER 4. PREDICTING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF PIG FEEDS;72
9.1;Predictors;72
9.2;Prediction of individual feedingstuffs;74
9.3;Prediction of mixed diets;76
9.4;References;82
10;CHAPTER 5. AMINO ACID NUTRITION OF THE PIG;84
10.1;Growth;84
10.2;The breeding sow;91
10.3;References;95
11;CHAPTER 6. PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS OF PIGS;98
11.1;Ideal protein;98
11.2;The estimation of protein requirements;101
11.3;Diet formulation;108
11.4;References;109
12;CHAPTER 7. AMINO ACID AVAILABILITY IN PIG DIETS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NATURAL PROTEINS AND SYNTHETIC AMINO ACIDS;110
12.1;Introduction;110
12.2;Free amino acids;110
12.3;Implications for research;113
12.4;Implications for pig producers;115
12.5;Implications for feed manufacturers;115
12.6;Availability of protein-bound amino acids;115
12.7;Summary;118
12.8;References;119
13;CHAPTER 8. AMINO ACID USE BY GROWING PIGS;121
13.1;Physiological mechanisms involved in amino acid use;121
13.2;Factors influencing the rate and efficiency of amino acid nutrition in growing pigs;130
13.3;Conclusions;134
13.4;References;135
14;CHAPTER 9. MINERAL AND TRACE ELEMENT REQUIREMENTS OF PIGS;137
14.1;Introduction;137
14.2;Calcium and phosphorus;138
14.3;Magnesium;144
14.4;Sodium and chlorine;145
14.5;Potassium;145
14.6;Iron;146
14.7;Zinc;147
14.8;Manganese;147
14.9;Copper;148
14.10;Cobalt;148
14.11;Iodine;148
14.12;Selenium;149
14.13;Fluorin e;149
14.14;Summary;149
14.15;References;149
15;CHAPTER 10. FACTORS AFFECTING THE NEED FOR SUPPLEMENTARY VITAMINS IN PIGS;152
15.1;Introduction;152
15.2;Natural potency of feed ingredients;155
15.3;Losses in storage;157
15.4;Dietary nutrients, proximate components and additives which influence the minimum dietary requirement for vitamins;159
15.5;Determining vitamin adequacy under field conditions;163
15.6;References;166
16;CHAPTER 11. VITAMIN RESPONSIVE CONDITIONS IN BREEDING PIGS;168
16.1;Introduction;168
16.2;A model for the derivation of vitamin allowances;168
16.3;Vitamin requirements of breeding female pigs;174
16.4;Vitamin responses in breeding pigs;177
16.5;The response of the breeding female to additional biotin;181
16.6;Selection of parameters for measurement of a vitamin response;183
16.7;Possibility of responses to other vitamins;184
16.8;Conclusions;187
16.9;References;187
17;CHAPTER 12. SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE NUTRITION AND GROWTH OF PIGS;190
17.1;Why castrate?;191
17.2;Method of feeding;192
17.3;Body weight;193
17.4;Breed;194
17.5;Diet;195
17.6;Split-sex management;200
17.7;References;201
18;CHAPTER 13. ENERGY AND PROTEIN NUTRITION OF THE SOW;203
18.1;Introduction;203
18.2;Protein requirements of pregnant sows;204
18.3;Protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows;204
18.4;Influence of lactation length on protein requirements;206
18.5;Effect of protein level on the onset of oestrus after weaning, and on sow longevity;208
18.6;Energy requirements of sows;208
18.7;Energy requirements in pregnancy;210
18.8;Energy requirements in lactation;211
18.9;Influence of lactation length on energy requirements;211
18.10;References;212
19;CHAPTER 14. THE USE OF FAT IN SOW DIETS;214
19.1;Why is piglet mortality so high and what changes occur?;214
19.2;Does added fat improve piglet survival?;216
19.3;What factors are important?;219
19.4;Is adding fat economically advantageous?;221
19.5;Conclusion;221
19.6;References;222
20;CHAPTER 15. LOCAL HYPERSENSITIVITY RESPONSE TO DIETARY ANTIGENS IN EARLY WEANED PIGS;224
20.1;Intestinal immune response;224
20.2;Immunological implications of weaning;227
20.3;Control of post-weaning diarrhoea;232
20.4;Conclusion;233
20.5;Acknowledgements;234
20.6;References;234
21;CHAPTER 16. THE NUTRITION OF THE PIGLET;235
21.1;Development of the enzyme system;236
21.2;Supplementary feed during suckling — 'creep feeding ';237
21.3;Diets for early weaned pigs;239
21.4;Proportions of nutrients in early weaning diets;240
21.5;Conclusions;241
21.6;References;241
22;CHAPTER 17. PROCESSING AND PREPARATION OF CEREALS FOR PIG DIETS;243
22.1;Processing methods;244
22.2;References;256
23;CHAPTER 18. ENERGY EVALUATION OF CEREALS FOR PIG DIETS;259
23.1;Energy evaluation systems;259
23.2;Cereal species and dietary energy values;261
23.3;Variation in dietary energy values within cereal species;261
23.4;ENVIRONMENT;264
23.5;Evaluation of the dietary energy content of cereals;268
23.6;Prediction of dietary energy content;271
23.7;References;273
24;CHAPTER 19. CEREAL REPLACERS AS ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR PIGS;276
24.1;Cereal replacers in Northern Ireland;276
24.2;Cassava;277
24.3;Molasses;285
24.4;Silage effluent;286
24.5;Comparison of control diet with manufactured compounds;287
24.6;Conclusions;287
24.7;References;288
25;CHAPTER 20. OILSEED MEALS FOR LIVESTOCK FEEDING;291
25.1;Introduction;291
25.2;World oilseed production;291
25.3;Composition of oilseed meals;295
25.4;Oilseeds as a supplemental protein source for pigs;308
25.5;Conclusions;323
25.6;References;323
26;INDEX;330