Conn Cellular Regulation of Secretion and Release

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7356-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 610 Seiten, Web PDF

Cellular Regulation of Secretion and Release is a compilation of papers that deals with the processes in cellular perception of stimuli and the response to them. Part I describes the receptor occupancy and regulation of stimulus through the use of video image intensification techniques. This part also explains a model for the transmembrane regulation of adenylate cyclase that shows the mechanisms that cells use in sensing and responding to extracellular conditions. Part II discusses the early responses of secretory cells including changes in phospholipid metabolism, in electrophysiological events, and in macromolecular carboxymethylation. One paper suggests that protein-carboxyl methylase has a role in neurotransmission and secretion whether as a part of the exocytotic process or just a help to regulate the process. Part III addresses the role in secretion of the subcellular architecture particularly as regards the role of the cytoskeleton in endocrine function or insulin secretion and cytoskeletal proteins. Part IV discusses the synthesis, processing, and storage of secretory products, including the role of signal peptides, their properties, and interactions. Part V addresses the mechanisms and modulation of secretion and release in a study of Leydig cells. One paper concludes that the regulation of release, through dopamine and TRH factors, can have more than one mechanism of action. This book can be useful for cellular microbiologists, bacteriologists, endocrinologists, researchers, and academicians in the biochemistry and in reproductive medicine.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Conn, P. Michael

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Cellular Regulation
of Secretion and Release;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;Contributors;14
7;Preface;16
8;Introduction;18
9;PART I: STIMULUS: RECEPTOR OCCUPANCY AND REGULATION;22
9.1;Chapter 1. Receptor Regulation by Hormones: Relevance to Secretion and Other Biological Functions;24
9.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;25
9.1.2;II. PITUITARY GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE RECEPTORS;25
9.1.3;III. OPIATE (ENKEPHALIN) RECEPTORS IN NEUROBLASTOMA CELLS;29
9.1.4;IV. RECEPTOR INTERNALIZATION AS A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES;34
9.1.5;V. RECEPTOR CROSS-LINKING AS A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR BIOLOGICAL RESPONSES;36
9.1.6;VI. CONCLUSIONS: MODELS FOR HORMONE ACTION;39
9.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;39
9.1.8;REFERENCES;39
9.2;Chapter 2. The ß-Adrenergic Receptor System: A Model for the Transmembrane Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase;44
9.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;44
9.2.2;II. IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RECEPTOR;47
9.2.3;III. ADENYLATE CYCLASE;53
9.2.4;IV. DESENSITIZATION;58
9.2.5;V. RECONSTITUTION;60
9.2.6;VI. A MODEL FOR ACTIVATION OF ADENYLATE CYCLASE BY ß-ADRENERGIC HORMONES;62
9.2.7;REFERENCES;64
10;PART II: EARLY RESPONSES OF SECRETORY CELLS;72
10.1;Chapter 3. Roles of Phospholipid Metabolism in Secretory Cells;74
10.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;74
10.1.2;II. FATTY ACIDS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS AFFECT SECRETION;75
10.1.3;III. PHOSPHOLIPASE C, PHOSPHOINOSITIDES, AND Ca2 + MOBILIZATION;78
10.1.4;IV. PHOSPHOLIPASE A, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, AND SECRETION;93
10.1.5;V. CONCLUSIONS;110
10.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;112
10.1.7;REFERENCES;112
10.2;Chapter 4. Electrophysiological Correlates of Secretion in Endocrine Cells;128
10.2.1;I. ENDOCRINE CELLS VERSUS NEURONS;128
10.2.2;II. PASSIVE MEMBRANE PROPERTIES;130
10.2.3;III. ACTIVE MEMBRANE PROPERTIES;137
10.2.4;IV. FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTRICAL EVENTS;159
10.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;161
10.2.6;REFERENCES;161
10.3;Chapter 5. Protein-Carboxyl Methylation: Putative Role in Exocytosis and in the Cellular Regulation of Secretion and Chemotaxis;168
10.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;168
10.3.2;II. PROTEIN-CARBOXYL METHYLASE;169
10.3.3;III. EXOCYTOTIC SECRETION AND PROTEIN-CARBOXYL METHYLATION;180
10.3.4;IV. ALTERNATIVE SECRETORY FUNCTIONS FOR PROTEIN-CARBOXYL METHYLASE;198
10.3.5;V. FUNCTION OF PROTEIN-CARBOXYL METHYLATION IN PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CHEMOTAXIS;202
10.3.6;VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS;205
10.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;206
10.3.8;REFERENCES;206
11;PART III: SUBCELLULAR ARCHITECTURE: ITS ROLE IN SECRETION;214
11.1;Chapter 6. The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Endocrine Function;216
11.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;216
11.1.2;II. THE FUNCTIONS OF MICROTUBULES AND MICROFILAMENTS;217
11.1.3;III. THE ROLE OF MICROFILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES IN ENDOCRINE ACTIVITIES;221
11.1.4;IV. THE REGULATION OF CYTOSKELETAL FUNCTION;231
11.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;238
11.1.6;REFERENCES;238
11.2;Chapter 7. Cytoskeletal Proteins and Insulin Secretion;244
11.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;244
11.2.2;II. MICROTUBULES AND INSULIN SECRETION;246
11.2.3;III. ACTIN IN PANCREATIC ISLETS;251
11.2.4;IV. QUANTITATION OF ACTIN IN ISLETS AND RIN CELLS;253
11.2.5;V. ACTIN LEVELS IN ISLETS AND IN MONOLAYER CULTURES OF BETA CELLS;254
11.2.6;VI. ACTIN-BINDING PROTEINS;255
11.2.7;VII. ACTIN-BINDING PROTEINS IN RAT INSULINOMA CELLS;255
11.2.8;VIII. CALCIUM AND INSULIN SECRETION;258
11.2.9;IX. CALMODULIN: THE INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM RECEPTOR;258
11.2.10;X. CALMODULIN REGULATION OF ENZYMES THAT COULD CONTROL INSULIN SECRETION;259
11.2.11;XI. PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CALMODULIN ANTAGONISTS AND INSULIN SECRETION;262
11.2.12;XII. STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF THE W COMPOUNDS ON INSULIN RELEASE;263
11.2.13;XIII. CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEINS IN RIN 5F CELLS;264
11.2.14;XIV. CA2+-CALMODULIN PHOSPHORYLATION OF BETA CELL PROTEINS;267
11.2.15;XV. INSULIN SECRETION IN TYPE II, NON-INSULINDEPENDENT DIABETES;268
11.2.16;XVI. SECRETORY ABNORMALITIES IN DIABETIC RABBITS;269
11.2.17;XVII. DIABETES IN THE SPINY MOUSE;271
11.2.18;XVIII. CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS IN DIABETIC MICE;272
11.2.19;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;274
11.2.20;REFERENCES;274
12;PART IV: SYNTHESIS, PROCESSING, AND STORAGE OF SECRETORY PRODUCTS;286
12.1;Chapter 8. Regulation of Prolactin Gene Expression;288
12.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;288
12.1.2;II. BIOSYNTHESIS OF PROLACTIN;289
12.1.3;III. REGULATION OF PROLACTIN SYNTHESIS AND PROLACTIN mRNA LEVELS;293
12.1.4;IV. ANALYSIS OF THE PROLACTIN GENE;304
12.1.5;V. SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS;312
12.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;313
12.1.7;REFERENCES;313
12.2;Chapter 9. Signal Peptides: Properties and Interactions;322
12.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;322
12.2.2;II. GENERAL STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS;323
12.2.3;III. INTERACTION OF THE LEADER PEPTIDE WITH MEMBRANES;328
12.2.4;IV. MODEL SYSTEMS OF LEADER-LIKE PEPTIDES INTERACTING WITH MEMBRANES;329
12.2.5;V. HYPOTHESES ON TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSLOCATION OF PROTEINS;331
12.2.6;VI. CONCLUSIONS;338
12.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;338
12.2.8;REFERENCES;338
12.3;Chapter 10. Diseases of Secretion;344
12.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;344
12.3.2;II. CYSTIC FIBROSIS;346
12.3.3;III. THE NORMAL EXOCRINE PANCREAS;354
12.3.4;IV. THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS;358
12.3.5;V. OTHER SECRETIONS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS;360
12.3.6;VI. CYSTIC FIBROSIS RESEARCH;364
12.3.7;VII. CONCLUSION;370
12.3.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;370
12.3.9;REFERENCES;370
13;PART V: MECHANISMS AND MODULATION OF SECRETION AND RELEASE;376
13.1;Chapter 11. Regulation of Steroidogenesis in Leydig Cells;378
13.1.1;I. INTRODUCTION;378
13.1.2;II. PURIFICATION OF LEYDIG CELLS;380
13.1.3;III. LH RECEPTORS AND TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION INDIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF LEYDIG CELLS;385
13.1.4;IV. GONADOTROPIN REGULATION OF LH RECEPTORS AND STEROIDOGENESIS IN LEYDIG CELLS;390
13.1.5;V. STEROIDOGENIC ENZYMES;396
13.1.6;VI. LEYDIG CELLS DURING SEXUAL MATURATION;409
13.1.7;VII. CONCLUSION;420
13.1.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;421
13.1.9;REFERENCES;422
13.2;Chapter 12. Regulation of Steroid Production in Adrenal, Gonadal, and Placental Tumor Cells;432
13.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;432
13.2.2;II. ORIGIN AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STEROID-SECRETING TUMORS;433
13.2.3;III. STEROIDOGENIC PATHWAYS;437
13.2.4;IV. HORMONAL CONTROL OF STEROIDOGENESIS;443
13.2.5;V. CONTROL OF STEROIDOGENESIS BY SUBSTRATE AVAILABILITY: CHORIOCARCINOMA CELLS;455
13.2.6;VI. CONCLUSIONS;457
13.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;457
13.2.8;REFERENCES;457
13.3;Chapter 13. Possible Regulatory Roles of Calmodulin and Myosin Light Chain Kinase in Secretion;468
13.3.1;I. INTRODUCTION;468
13.3.2;II. CALMODULIN;469
13.3.3;III. CALMODULIN AND HORMONE ACTION;470
13.3.4;IV. MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN KINASE;472
13.3.5;V. CONCLUSION;475
13.3.6;REFERENCES;476
13.4;Chapter 14. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulation of Pituitary Gonadotropin Release: A Model System for Receptor-Mediated, Ca2 + -Dependent Secretion;482
13.4.1;I. INTRODUCTION;483
13.4.2;II. DISTRIBUTION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MOLECULARBIOLOGY OF THE GNRH RECEPTOR;483
13.4.3;III. CALCIUM AS A SECOND MESSENGER FOR GNRH;493
13.4.4;IV. EXTRAPITUITARY SITES OF ACTION OF GNRH AND CROSS-REACTIVE SUBSTANCES;505
13.4.5;V. CONCLUSIONS;509
13.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;510
13.4.7;REFERENCES;510
13.5;Chapter 15. Hormonal Modulation of LH and FSH Secretion by Cultured Pituitary Cells;518
13.5.1;I. INTRODUCTION;518
13.5.2;II. EFFECT OF AGONISTIC AND ANTAGONISTIC ANALOGS OF GNRH ON GONADOTROPIN PRODUCTION;520
13.5.3;III. EFFECTS OF ESTROGENS AND CATECHOL ESTROGENS ON GONADOTROPIN PRODUCTION;523
13.5.4;IV. EFFECT OF PROGESTINS ON GONADOTROPIN PRODUCTION AND THE ANTAGONISM OF ESTROGEN ACTION BY PROGESTINS;527
13.5.5;V. EFFECT OF ANTIESTROGENS ON GONADOTROPIN PRODUCTION;530
13.5.6;VI. EFFECT OF ANDROGENS ON GONADOTROPIN PRODUCTION;537
13.5.7;VII. EFFECT OF OVARIAN INHIBIN-LIKE FACTOR ON GONADOTROPIN PRODUCTION;538
13.5.8;VIII. EFFECT OF INSULIN AND GROWTH FACTORS ON GONADOTROPIN PRODUCTION;540
13.5.9;IX. CONCLUSION;546
13.5.10;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;547
13.5.11;REFERENCES;547
13.6;Chapter 16. Mechanisms of Regulation of Prolactin Release;552
13.6.1;I. BASAL PROLACTIN RELEASE;552
13.6.2;II. COMPOUNDS THAT AFFECT PROLACTIN RELEASE;565
13.6.3;III. RELEASE IN INTACT ANIMALS;578
13.6.4;IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS;580
13.6.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;580
13.6.6;REFERENCES;581
14;Index;592
15;CELL BIOLOGY: A Series of Monographs;610