Conn / Stumpf Secondary Plant Products

A Comprehensive Treatise
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8922-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 7, 798 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Biochemistry of Plants

Approx.798 pages

Autoren/Hrsg.

Conn, E. E.

Stumpf, Walter

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Secondary Plant Products;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;14
6;General Preface;16
7;Preface to Volume 7;20
8;Chapter 1. The Physiological Role(s) of Secondary (Natural) Products;22
8.1;I. Introduction;22
8.2;II. Plant–Vertebrate Interactions;24
8.3;III. Plant–Insect Interactions
;29
8.4;IV. Plant–Plant Interactions;32
8.5;V. Plant–Microorganism Interactions;35
8.6;VI. Conclusions;37
8.7;References;38
9;Chapter 2. Tissue Culture and the Study of Secondary (Natural) Products;42
9.1;I. Introduction;42
9.2;II. Synthesis of Specific Secondary Products;45
9.3;III. Conclusions;52
9.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;52
9.5;References;52
10;Chapter 3. Turnover and Degradation of Secondary (Natural) Products;56
10.1;I. Introduction;56
10.2;II. The Concept of Turnover of Secondary Products;57
10.3;III. Degradative Reactions of Phenolic Compounds;79
10.4;IV. Degradative Reactions of Nitrogenous Compounds;95
10.5;V. Conclusions;100
10.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
;101
10.7;References;101
11;Chapter 4. Secondary Plant Products and Cell and Tissue Differentiation;106
11.1;I. Introduction;107
11.2;II. Organogenesis and Accumulation of Secondary Compounds;108
11.3;III. Tissue- and Segment-Specific Accumulation of Secondary Products;116
11.4;IV. Tissue-Specific Control of the Levels of Enzymes Involved in Secondary Metabolism;120
11.5;V. The Integration of Secondary Metabolism into the Developmental Program;121
11.6;VI. Lignification, A Process Integrated in Cell and Tissue Differentiation;124
11.7;VII. The Differentiation of Specialized Cells and Accumulation of Secondary Products;126
11.8;VIII. Accumulation of Secondary Products and the Differentiation of Storage Spaces;130
11.9;IX. Concluding Remarks;132
11.10;References;133
12;Chapter 5. Compartmentation in Natural Product Biosynthesis by Multienzyme Complexes;138
12.1;I. Introduction;139
12.2;II. Specific Examples;143
12.3;III. Discussion and Conclusions;152
12.4;References;157
13;Chapter 6. Secondary Metabolites and Plant Systematics;160
13.1;I. The Relationship of Chemical and Botanical Data;160
13.2;II. Nature and Sources of Variation;167
13.3;III. Basic Pathways of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis;173
13.4;IV. A Conspectus of the Application of Chemical Data to the Classification of Vascular Plants;175
13.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;175
13.6;References;192
14;Chapter 7. Stereochemical Aspects of Natural Products Biosynthesis;198
14.1;I. Introduction: Evident vs Cryptic Stereochemistry;198
14.2;II. Concepts and Definitions;199
14.3;III. Experimental Approaches;205
14.4;IV. Information Deducible from Stereochemical Studies;224
14.5;V. Conclusion;232
14.6;References;233
15;Chapter 8. Nonprotein Amino Acids;236
15.1;I. Introduction;236
15.2;II. Chemistry and Biogenesis;239
15.3;III. Nonprotein Amino Acids as Indexes for Chemotaxonomy;253
15.4;IV. Nonprotein Amino Acids as Analogues and Antimetabolites;257
15.5;V. Concluding Remarks;267
15.6;References;267
16;Chapter 9. Amines;270
16.1;I. Introduction;270
16.2;II. Aliphatic Monoamines;271
16.3;III. Di- and Polyamines;272
16.4;IV. Amine Conjugates;283
16.5;V. Tryptamines, Phenethylamines, and Histamine;285
16.6;References;286
17;Chapter 10. Coumarins;290
17.1;I. Introduction;290
17.2;II. Biosynthesis of Coumarins;291
17.3;III. Reactions of Coumarins in Plants;305
17.4;IV. Effects of Coumarins on Plants;306
17.5;References;315
18;Chapter 11. Phenolic Acids;322
18.1;I. Introduction;322
18.2;II. Cinnamic Acids (C6-C3 Compounds);323
18.3;III. Benzoic Acids (C6-C1 Compounds);332
18.4;IV. Phenylacetic Acids (C6–C2 Compounds);335
18.5;V. Concluding Remarks;336
18.6;References;336
19;Chapter 12. Enzymology of Alkaloid Metabolism in Plants and Microorganisms;338
19.1;I. Introduction;338
19.2;II. Alkaloid Enzymology;343
19.3;III. Conclusions;415
19.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
;415
19.5;References;416
20;Chapter 13. Biosynthesis of Plant Quinones;424
20.1;I. Structure of Naturally Occurring Quinones;424
20.2;II. Distribution of Quinones in Plants and in the Plant Kingdom;426
20.3;III. Biosynthesis of Plant Quinones;427
20.4;IV. Relation between Biosynthesis and Distribution of Quinones;440
20.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
;441
20.6;References;441
21;Chapter 14. Flavonoids;446
21.1;I. Introduction;446
21.2;II. Flavones and Flavonols;450
21.3;III. Chalcones, Flavanones, and Aurones;468
21.4;IV. Anthocyanins;470
21.5;V. Isoftavonoids;472
21.6;VI. Other Flavonoids;474
21.7;References;476
22;Chapter 15. Lignins;478
22.1;I. Introduction;478
22.2;II. General Phenylpropanoid Metabolism;481
22.3;III. Reduction of Cinnamoyl-CoA Esters to Cinnamyl Alcohols;485
22.4;IV. The Role of Cinnamyl Alcohol Glucosides in Lignification;489
22.5;V. Polymerization of Cinnamyl Alcohols to Lignin;493
22.6;VI. Regulation of Lignification;495
22.7;VII. Lignification in Relation to Disease Resistance;497
22.8;References;498
23;Chapter 16. Cyanogenic Glycosides;500
23.1;I. Introduction;500
23.2;II. Chemical Structure and Properties;501
23.3;III. Detection;510
23.4;IV. Distribution;511
23.5;V. Metabolism;512
23.6;VI. Physiological Role;518
23.7;VII. Conclusion;519
23.8;References;519
24;Chapter 17. Glucosinolates;522
24.1;I. Introduction;523
24.2;II. Chemistry;523
24.3;III. Occurrence;529
24.4;IV. Biosynthesis;531
24.5;V. Degradation;537
24.6;VI. Glucosinolates and Animals;542
24.7;VII. Conclusion;544
24.8;References;544
25;Chapter 18. Vegetable Tannins;548
25.1;I. Introduction;548
25.2;II. Classification and Distribution;552
25.3;III. Structure and Biosynthesis;557
25.4;IV. Conclusion and Future Prospects;574
25.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;575
25.6;References;575
26;Chapter 19. The Betalains: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Chemical Taxonomy;578
26.1;I. Introduction;578
26.2;II. Structure and Occurrence of Betalains;579
26.3;III. Total Synthesis of Betalains;582
26.4;IV. Biosynthesis of Betalains;583
26.5;V. Regulation of Betalain Biosynthesis;586
26.6;VI. Function of Betalains;591
26.7;VII. Chemical Taxonomy of Betalains;591
26.8;References;593
27;Chapter 20. Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase;598
27.1;I. Introduction;598
27.2;II. Enzymology;600
27.3;III. Metabolism;625
27.4;IV. Concluding Remarks;642
27.5;References;642
28;Chapter 21. Oxygenases and the Metabolism of Plants Products;648
28.1;I. Oxygenases and Oxidases;648
28.2;II. Oxygenases and Hydroxylation;649
28.3;III. Positions and Patterns of Hydroxylation in Plant Products;652
28.4;IV. Other Oxygenase Reactions;665
28.5;V. Regulation of Expression of Oxygenase Activity;670
28.6;VI. Biological Functions of Oxygenation and Hydroxylation;677
28.7;References;681
29;Chapter 22. Transmethylation and Demethylation Reactions in the Metabolism of Secondary Plant Products;688
29.1;I. Methylation Reactions in the Metabolism of Secondary Plant Products;689
29.2;II. Demethylation Reactions in the Metabolism of Secondary Plant Products;730
29.3;III. Conclusions;740
29.4;References;740
30;Chapter 23. Glycosylation and Glycosidases;746
30.1;I. General Introduction;746
30.2;II. Glycosylation;748
30.3;III. Glycosidases;761
30.4;IV. Conclusions;770
30.5;References;771
31;Index;776
32;Contents of Other Volumes;814