Cooper Therapeutic Uses of Botulinum Toxin

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-1-59745-247-2
Verlag: Humana Press
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 238 Seiten

Reihe: Musculoskeletal Medicine

This volume outlines and examines current understanding of botulinum toxin and its various therapeutic applications. It presents therapeutic uses across a variety of medical subspecialties and patient populations. Each chapter focuses on a particular symptom and explains how botulinum toxin is currently used for treatment. Coverage also examines questions of immunity and explores economic issues. Written by leaders in their fields respected for their progressive approach to treatment, the book encourages responsible research into new and novel uses of botulinum toxin.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Cooper, Grant

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Acknowledgments;7
3;Contents;8
4;Contributors;9
5;History and Mechanism of Action;11
5.1;INTRODUCTION;11
5.2;MEDICAL COMMUNITY GETS INVOLVED;11
5.3;DISCOVERY OF THE BACTERIUM;13
5.4;BOTULINUM TOXIN STUDIED;13
5.5;NORMAL NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION;14
5.6;BOTULINUM TOXIN MECHANISM OF ACTION;14
5.7;REFERENCES;15
6;Spasticity;16
6.1;INTRODUCTION;16
6.2;PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;16
6.3;RISK FACTORS;18
6.4;HISTORY/CLINICAL EXAMINATION;18
6.5;DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION;19
6.6;DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS;19
6.7;TREATMENT APPROACH;20
6.8;BTX Injection;23
6.9;CONCLUSION;26
6.10;REFERENCES;26
7;Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome;28
7.1;INTRODUCTION;28
7.2;PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;28
7.3;RISK FACTORS;33
7.4;HISTORY;34
7.5;CLINICAL EXAMINATION;36
7.6;DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION;36
7.7;DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS;37
7.8;TREATMENT APPROACH;38
7.9;CONCLUSION;45
7.10;REFERENCES;45
8;Low Back Pain;48
8.1;INTRODUCTION;48
8.2;RISK FACTORS;48
8.3;Occupational Factors;48
8.4;Patient-Related Factors;49
8.5;Anthropomorphic Factors;49
8.6;Psychosocial Factors;49
8.7;ETIOLOGY OF BACK PAIN;49
8.8;Primary Spinal Causes of LBP;49
8.9;Secondary Causes of LBP;53
8.10;Referred Causes for Back Pain;54
8.11;DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH;54
8.12;History;54
8.13;Physical Exam;56
8.14;Imaging;61
8.15;Treatment;62
8.16;CONCLUSION;67
8.17;REFERENCES;67
9;Piriformis Syndrome;69
9.1;INTRODUCTION;69
9.2;HISTORY OF PS;69
9.3;EPIDEMIOLOGY;70
9.4;DIAGNOSIS;71
9.5;DOES PS EXIST?;73
9.6;PATHOGENETIC MECHANISM;74
9.7;NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT;74
9.8;OUR METHOD OF INJECTION;76
9.9;CLINICAL EXPERIENCE;79
9.10;REFERENCES;81
10;Plantar Fasciitis;83
10.1;DEFINITION AND ANATOMY;83
10.2;BIOMECHANICAL FACTORS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;83
10.3;EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS;84
10.4;DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS;85
10.5;HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION;85
10.6;DIAGNOSIS;85
10.7;TREATMENT;86
10.8;BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A INJECTION PROCEDURE (FIGS. 9–11);92
10.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;97
10.10;REFERENCES;97
11;Headache;98
11.1;INTRODUCTION;98
11.2;BACKGROUND;98
11.3;EPIDEMIOLOGY/SYMPTOMATOLOGY Migraine Headache;99
11.4;Tension-Type Headache;100
11.5;PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Migraine Headache;101
11.6;Tension Headache;102
11.7;CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS History;102
11.8;Physical Examination;103
11.9;Diagnostic Evaluation;104
11.10;TREATMENT APPROACH Migraine;104
11.11;Tension-Type Headaches;106
11.12;How BoNT Fits In;106
11.13;RISKS AND HAZARDS;110
11.14;Eyelid Ptosis (Blepharoptosis);110
11.15;Brow Ptosis;111
11.16;Diplopia;111
11.17;Minor Sequelae;111
11.18;POST-INJECTION MANAGEMENT;111
11.19;FREQUENCY OF INJECTIONS;112
11.20;SUCCESS WITH BoNT;112
11.21;CONCLUSIONS;112
11.22;REFERENCES;113
11.23;SUGGESTED FURTHER READING;115
12;Spasmodic Dysphonia;116
12.1;INTRODUCTION;116
12.2;BACKGROUND;116
12.3;EPIDEMIOLOGY/SYMPTOMATOLOGY;117
12.4;PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;118
12.5;CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS;119
12.6;ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS;120
12.7;TREATMENT APPROACH BTX: Rationale for Use;121
12.8;Technical Aspects;121
12.9;Risks and Hazards;125
12.10;Frequency of Administration;126
12.11;Success With BTX;126
12.12;CONCLUSIONS;127
12.13;REFERENCES;127
13;Sialorrhea and Frey’s Syndrome;129
13.1;INTRODUCTION;129
13.2;SIALORRHEA;129
13.3;Epidemiology/Symptomatology;131
13.4;Clinical Diagnosis;132
13.5;Treatment Approach;133
13.6;Conclusion;136
13.7;GUSTATORY SWEATING;136
13.8;Epidemiology and Symptomatology;137
13.9;Clinical Diagnosis;137
13.10;Treatment Approach;138
13.11;Conclusion;139
13.12;REFERENCES;140
14;Cosmetic Applications;142
14.1;INTRODUCTION;142
14.2;PHARMACOLOGY;142
14.3;DILUTION AND DOSING;142
14.4;CONTRAINDICATIONS;143
14.5;ADVERSE EVENTS;143
14.6;PATIENT EVALUATION;143
14.7;GENERAL INJECTION GUIDELINES;143
14.8;CLINICAL APPLICATIONS Glabellar Frown Lines;144
14.9;Horizontal Forehead Lines;147
14.10;Crow’s Feet;150
14.11;“Bunny” Lines;152
14.12;Perioral Lines;153
14.13;Mental Crease and Dimpled Chin;153
14.14;Mouth Frown;154
14.15;Platysmal Bands;154
14.16;Horizontal Neck Lines;154
14.17;SUMMARY;155
14.18;REFERENCES;155
15;Hyperhydrosis;157
15.1;INTRODUCTION;157
15.2;DIAGNOSIS;159
15.3;TREATMENT ALGORITHM;160
15.4;BTX INJECTION PROCEDURE;162
15.5;Axilla;162
15.6;Palms;165
15.7;Soles;167
15.8;CONCLUSION;168
15.9;REFERENCES;168
15.10;SUGGESTED FURTHER READING;170
16;Urological Applications;171
16.1;INTRODUCTION;171
16.2;DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF LUT DYSFUNCTION;172
16.3;History and Physical Examination;173
16.4;Validated Questionnaires and Voiding Diary;174
16.5;The Pad Test;174
16.6;Routine Urological Assessment;174
16.7;Urodynamics;175
16.8;Cystourethroscopy;175
16.9;CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BTX IN THE TREATMENT OF LUT DYSFUNCTION Detrusor – Sphincter Dyssynergia and Related Disorders;175
16.10;Neurogenic and Idiopathic Detrusor Overactivity;178
16.11;Sensory Disorders/Interstitial Cystitis/Pelvic Pain Disorders;181
16.12;Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy;183
16.13;BTX-B in the Treatment of Urological Disorders;184
16.14;CLINICAL ISSUES RELATED TO BTX INJECTION Injection Duration;186
16.15;Treatment Onset;187
16.16;Repeat Injection;187
16.17;Side Effects;188
16.18;PROTOCOL FOR BTX INJECTION;189
16.19;Injection Dose;189
16.20;Injection Volume;190
16.21;Injection Distribution;190
16.22;Bladder Injection Technique;192
16.23;Urethral Injection Technique;192
16.24;CONCLUSION;194
16.25;REFERENCES;194
17;Gastrointestinal Applications;198
17.1;INTRODUCTION;198
17.2;BTX-A FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASTROPARESIS;198
17.3;TREATMENT OF ACHALASIA WITH BTX-A;200
17.4;BTX-A FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANAL FISSURE;204
17.5;CONCLUSION;207
17.6;REFERENCES;208
18;Blepharospasm;211
18.1;INTRODUCTION;211
18.2;CLINICAL FINDINGS;211
18.3;TERMINOLOGY;211
18.4;DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS;212
18.5;PATHOGENESIS;212
18.6;TREATMENT;213
18.7;Botulinum Toxin Type A;213
18.8;Oral Medications;215
18.9;Surgery;220
18.10;CONCLUSION;221
18.11;REFERENCES;221
19;Economics, Immunity, and Future Directions;224
19.1;INTRODUCTION;224
19.2;ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS;224
19.3;THE DEVELOPING ROLE OF BTX;226
19.4;CONCLUSION;227
19.5;REFERENCES;228
20;Index;230