Czerkawski An Introduction to Rumen Studies

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9298-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 246 Seiten, Web PDF

The rumen is an object of study for many types of biological scientist, from anatomists to microbiologists, and more recently even mathematicians. The developments and use of various experimental techniques have enabled much progress to be made in rumen studies. Several chapters of this book concentrate on these techniques and concepts that stem from their application. Biochemical and microbial interrelationships are dealt with fully, with an emphasis on the integrated nature of the rumen's contents. The book concludes by considering the most fruitful approaches that might lead to a more complete understanding of this complex and efficient organ. Each chapter is a complete unit that can be read and understood without reference to other chapters. A general reading list at the end of each chapter, together with more detailed references, will help to launch the student into any specific area of rumen studies.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Czerkawski, J. W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;An Introduction to Rumen Studies;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;Part I: Introduction;12
5.1;Chapter 1. The Rumen : An Introductory Outline;14
5.1.1;Anatomy and function of the rumen;14
5.1.2;Rumen microorganisms and their activity;18
6;Part II: Techniques;26
6.1;Chapter 2. Analytical Procedures;28
6.1.1;Determination of end products of fermentation;28
6.1.2;Substrates;32
6.1.3;Microbial matter;34
6.1.4;Enzyme activity;37
6.1.5;Interpretation of experimental results;38
6.2;Chapter 3. Production and Passage of Substances in the Rumen;42
6.2.1;General considerations of conditions in the rumen;42
6.2.2;Factors that affect the passage of digesta in the rumen;44
6.2.3;Marker substances;46
6.2.4;Simple one-compartment model of the rumen;47
6.2.5;A two-compartment model of the rumen;51
6.2.6;Production, interconversion and flow of volatile fatty acids (VFA) (a three-compartment model);55
6.3;Chapter 4. The Artificial Rumen;62
6.3.1;Designing an artificial rumen;62
6.3.2;Classification of artificial rumen types;65
6.3.3;Two examples of an artificial rumen in detail;67
6.3.4;A review of literature;71
6.3.5;Other types of in vitro techniques;72
6.4;Chapter 5. Compartmentation in the Rumen;76
6.4.1;Compartmentation;76
6.4.2;The rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)—a model ment system;78
6.4.3;The rumen as a multicompartment system;83
6.4.4;Some implications of compartmentation in rumen research;87
6.4.5;Concluding remarks;91
7;Part III: Metabolism;94
7.1;Chapter 6. Energetics of Rumen Fermentation;96
7.1.1;Elementary thermodynamics;96
7.1.2;An estimate of the magnitude of heat produced in the rumen;99
7.1.3;The free energy of reaction;105
7.1.4;Biochemical energetics;107
7.1.5;Energy exchanges in the rumen;112
7.2;Chapter 7. The Rumen as an Ecological System;118
7.2.1;Interrelations between microbiota and host animal;120
7.2.2;Interrelations between groups of microorganisms;125
7.2.3;Stability of the microbial system in the rumen;131
7.2.4;General considerations;132
7.3;Chapter 8. Synthetic Processes in the Rumen;138
7.3.1;Microbial protein;138
7.3.2;Microbial polysaccharides;143
7.3.3;Synthesis of other substances;143
7.3.4;Microbial matter;144
7.3.5;Efficiency of synthesis of microbial matter in the rumen;148
7.3.6;Energetic efficiency (YATP);155
7.4;Chapter 9. Digestion of Carbohydrates;162
7.4.1;Carbohydrates digested by ruminants;162
7.4.2;Hydrolysis of polysaccharides;167
7.4.3;Interconversion of sugars;171
7.4.4;Dissimilation of sugars;172
7.4.5;Digestibility of carbohydrates in the rumen;176
7.4.6;General considerations;179
8;Part IV: General Approach to Rumen Studies;182
8.1;Chapter 10. Transfer of Metabolic Hydrogen in the Rumen;184
8.1.1;Microbial fermentation in the rumen: generation of reducing power;185
8.1.2;Disposal of reducing power;188
8.1.3;General considerations (hydrogen balance);195
8.2;Chapter 11. Manipulation of Rumen Fermentation;202
8.2.1;Inhibition of selected processes;202
8.2.2;Activation of selected processes;207
8.2.3;Protection of dietary constituents;212
8.2.4;Manipulation of the rumen as a complex ecological system;213
8.3;Chapter 12. Integrated Research and Value of Modelling;218
8.3.1;Integrated research;218
8.3.2;Useful aids in studying complex problems;219
8.3.3;Unifying principles;225
8.3.4;Concluding remarks;225
9;Appendix Useful Information;228
10;References;235
11;Index;244