Day / Good Membranes and Viruses in Immunopathology

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6749-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 622 Seiten

Membranes and Viruses in Immunopathology covers the proceedings of the 1972 symposium by the same title, held at the University of Minnesota Medical School, sponsored by the Bell Museum of Pathology. This book is composed of 40 chapters that highlight the significant advances in fundamental experiments of membrane structure chemistry. Considerable chapters explore the diagnosis and analysis of slow and oncogenic virus infections, as well as the role of immunobiologic processes in the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of disease. The remaining chapters contain research works on the detailed mechanisms that may contribute to cancer induction and dissemination. This book will prove useful to immunopathologists and practicing physicians.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Day, Stacey B.

Good, Robert A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Membranes and Viruses in Immunopathology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PARTICIPANTS;10
6;PREFACE;16
7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;18
8;Chapter 1. Introduction;22
8.1;Membrane and Interface;23
9;Chapter 2.
The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Structure of Cell Membranes;28
9.1;Thermodynamics and Membrane Structure;30
9.2;Some Properties of Membrane Components;32
9.3;Properties of Integral Proteins;34
9.4;The Phospholipids of Membranes;35
9.5;Protein-Lipid Interactions in Membranes;36
9.6;Mosaic Structure of the Proteins and Lipids of Membranes;38
9.7;Matrix of the Mosaic: Lipid or Protein?;40
9.8;problem, and only this evidence is discussed below. Some Recent Experimental Evidence Evidence for Proteins Embedded in Membranes;43
9.9;Distribution of Components in the Plane of the Membrane;44
9.10;Evidence that Proteins are in a Fluid State in Intact Membranes;46
9.11;The Asymmetry of Membranes;50
9.12;The Fluid Mosaic Model and Membrane Functions;52
9.13;Malignant Transformation of Cells and the"Exposure of Cryptic Sites";53
9.14;Cooperative Phenomena in Membranes;56
9.15;Summary;60
9.16;Note Added in Proof;60
9.17;References and Notes;61
10;Chapter 3.
The Molecular Organization and Function of Biological Membranes: A Possible Microscopic Picture of Ionic Permeation;70
10.1;Sec. 1. Introduction;71
10.2;Sec. 2. The Permion Concept;72
10.3;Sec. 3. One Possible Molecular Picture For How Permions Function To Control Membrane Permeability;79
10.4;Sec. 4. A Statistical Model for Explaining Selectivity and Ionic Association at the Permion Control Site;81
10.5;Sec. 5. Permions in the Nerve Membrane;85
10.6;Conclusion;90
10.7;References;91
11;Chapter 4.
A Resume of the Biochemical, Ultrastructural, and Functional Characteristics of Cell Membrane Glycoproteins;102
11.1;References;107
12;Chapter 5.
The Metabolism and Turnover of Cell Membranes;110
12.1;Changes in Surface Membranes during the Cell Cycle;110
12.2;Turnover;112
12.3;References;118
13;Chapter 6.
A Brief Account of the Use of Immunogenetics in Studying Cell Surfaces;126
13.1;Introduction;126
13.2;The Value of Serology;126
13.3;Differentiation Antigens;128
13.4;The Leukemia-Related Systems GIX and TL;129
13.5;Relation of GIX Antigen to Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV);130
13.6;Antigenic Modulation;131
13.7;Surface Patterning;132
13.8;Morphogenesis and the Cell Surface;133
13.9;Reading;135
14;Chapter 7.
Immunochemical Properties and Genetic Relationships of H-2 Histocompatibility Alloantigens;138
14.1;Overall Biochemical Properties of NP-40 Solubilized Alloantigens;138
14.2;References;147
15;Chapter 8.
Structure of Plant Agglutinin Receptors on Human Red Blood Cells;152
15.1;References;153
16;Chapter 9.
Intra-Membrane Mobility;154
16.1;Intermixing of Surface Antigens on Heterokaryon Membranes;154
16.2;Molecular Rearrangement Induced by Bivalent Antibody;157
16.3;Theoretical Implications of Intra-Membrane Mobility;160
16.4;References;162
17;Chapter 10.
Significance and Properties of Tumor Specific Antigens;166
17.1;References;172
18;Chapter 11. Cell Junctions and Intercellular Communication;176
18.1;Introduction;176
18.2;Gap Junction Structure;176
18.3;Gap Junction Physiology;177
18.4;Observations on Liver Gap Junctions;179
18.5;References;183
19;Chapter 12. Cell Surface Interactions in Mixed Leukocyte Cultures;190
19.1;Introduction;190
19.2;Method;192
19.3;Results;193
19.4;Discussion;197
19.5;Acknowledgements;202
19.6;References;203
20;Chapter 13. An Overview of the Panel Discussion on Membranes;210
21;Chapter 14. RNA and DNA Tumor Viruses--Mechanism of Cell Transformation and Role in Human Cancer;214
21.1;Introduction;214
21.2;Oncogenic Viruses;215
21.3;Mechanism of Cell Transformation By Oncogenic DNA Viruses;216
21.4;Analysis of Human Cancers for DNA Tumor Virus Genetic Information by Molecular Hybridization;217
21.5;Biochemical Mechanism of Virus Replication and Cell Transformation by RNA Tumor Viruses;218
21.6;Analysis of Human Cancers For MSV-Specific Base Sequences;221
21.7;Human (?) RD-114 Virus—Extensive Homology With RNA From Hodgkin's Lymphomas;222
21.8;Summary;226
21.9;References;229
22;Chapter 15. Embryonic Antigens in Virally Transformed Cells;238
22.1;Surface Autoantigens on Tumor Cells;239
22.2;Blocking;247
22.3;Phase-Specific Antigens;248
22.4;Invasiveness;248
22.5;Alterations in Molecular Constituents of Tumor Cells;248
22.6;Angiogenesis;249
22.7;Increased Rate of Growth and Cell Division;249
22.8;Sex Differences;250
22.9;Discussion;251
22.10;References;252
23;Chapter 16. Cyclic AMP and the Growth of Transformed Cells;270
23.1;Introduction;270
23.2;Cyclic AMP and the Control of Cell Growth;271
23.3;Agglutinabiity of the Treated Transformed Cells;273
23.4;Cellular cAMP Levels in Normal and Transformed Cells;274
23.5;Prostaglandin E-l and cAMP Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors;274
23.6;Stimulation of Cell Growth and cAMP Levels;275
23.7;Viral Transformation and cAMP Levels;276
23.8;Cyclic AMP Levels Before and After Confluency;277
23.9;Cyclic AMP Levels and the Cell Cycle;277
23.10;Cyclic AMP Levels in Mouse Neuroblastoma;278
23.11;A Hypothesis for the Role of Cyclic AMP In the Regulation of Cellular Growth;280
23.12;Selected References;285
23.13;Acknowledgements;285
24;Chapter 17. Surveillance Mechanisms and Malignancy;298
24.1;Intracellular Surveillance Mechanisms;298
24.2;Intercellular Surveillance Mechanisms;304
24.3;References;307
24.4;Acknowledgment;311
25;Chapter 18. Herpesviruses as Infectious and Oncogenic Agents in Man and Other Vertebrates;314
25.1;Comparative Aspects of Herpesviruses Mode of Acquisition of Herpesviruses;315
25.2;Virus Spread and Recurrences Within the Infected Host;316
25.3;Clinical Manifestations of Herpesviruses -Prevention and Therapy;320
25.4;Herpesviruses and Cancer;322
25.5;Membrane Changes in Herpesvirus-Infected Cells;326
25.6;Summary;330
25.7;References;330
26;Chapter 19. "Spontaneous" Release of Type C Viruses from Clonal Lines of "Spontaneously" Transformed BALB/3T3 Cells;340
26.1;References;347
26.2;Acknowledgment;349
27;Chapter 20. RNA's as Templates for the Virion DNA Polymerase;358
27.1;References;359
28;Chapter 21. Immunological Studies of Mammalian Type C Viral Proteins;360
28.1;Viral Group Specific "gs" Antigen;363
28.2;Use of Viral Proteins as Markers for Unknown Isolates;368
28.3;Summary;370
28.4;References;370
29;Chapter 22. Genetic Factors Involved in C-Type RNA Virus Expression;376
29.1;Introduction;376
29.2;Evidence for C-Type Viral Genetic Information in Normal Mouse Embryo Cells;376
29.3;Genetic Studies of Virus Induction;378
29.4;Biologic Properties of Induced Viruses;379
29.5;Genes for Virus Induction in Normal Mouse Cells;380
29.6;Genetic Regulation of Endogenous C-Type Virus Expression;380
29.7;Summary;381
29.8;References;382
30;Chapter 23. Alterations of Complex Lipid Metabolism in Tumorigenic Virus-Transformed Cells;388
30.1;Alteration of Membrane Components in Transformed Cells;390
30.2;Metabolic Studies;391
30.3;Ganglioside Alterations in Other Cell Systems;395
30.4;Discussion;396
30.5;References;398
31;Chapter 24. Animal Models of Slow Viral Disease;402
31.1;Clinicopathologic Features;403
31.2;Scrapie;403
31.3;Mink Encephalopathy;403
31.4;Aleutian Disease;404
31.5;Progressive Pneumonia;405
31.6;Pathogenesis;405
31.7;Scrapie;405
31.8;Mink Encephalopathy;406
31.9;Aleutian Disease;407
31.10;Progressive Pneumonia;408
31.11;Properties of the Causative Viruses;409
31.12;Scrapie;409
31.13;Mink Encephalopathy;410
31.14;Aleutian Disease;410
31.15;Progressive Pneumonia;410
31.16;Experimental Host Range;410
31.17;Concluding Comment;411
31.18;References;412
32;Chapter 25. Neurologic Diseases of Man with Slow Virus Etiology;418
32.1;Kuru;421
32.2;Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease;423
32.3;References;427
33;Chapter 26. Progressive Pneumonia, Maedi, and Visna as Slow Virus Infections;432
33.1;References;437
34;Chapter 27. Discussion of Tumor Viruses and Slow Virus Infections;440
35;Chapter 28. Overview of Development, Organization, Function of Lymphoid System and Human Disease;446
35.1;Ontogenetic Development of the Lymphoid System and its Function;446
35.2;Functions of the Cells of the T-Cell System;448
35.3;Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases;451
35.4;Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases of Man;452
35.5;Detection of T-Cell Deficiencies;452
35.6;Evaluation of B-Cell Function;453
35.7;Treatment of Immunodeficiency;453
35.8;Thymic Transplantation;454
35.9;Correction of Severe Dual System Immnodeficiency by Marrow Transplantation;455
36;Chapter 29. Traffic of Cells and Development of Immunity;458
36.1;Hemopoietic Cells Migrate to Thymus and Marrow;462
36.2;After Emigration From Thymus Cells Do Not Return;463
36.3;Emigration of Hemopoietic Cells to Lymph Nodes and Thoracic Duct Signifies Capacity to Respond Immunologically;464
36.4;After Thymus Traffic and Emigration To Nodes or Thoracic Duct Cells Have "New" Isoantigens;465
36.5;Hemopoietic Origin of B Cells;467
36.6;Discussion;468
36.7;References;470
37;Chapter 30. Models of Immunologic Diseases;472
37.1;References;479
38;Chapter 31. Complement and Human Disease;480
38.1;Introduction;480
38.2;Properties of Complement Proteins;481
38.3;Inherited Complement Deficiencies and Pathobiological Manifestations;481
38.4;The Membrane Attack Mechanism;483
38.5;Consequences of Complement Action on Membranes;484
38.6;The Alternate Pathway of Complement Activation;485
38.7;A Disease Resulting from a Perturbation of the Alternate Pathway of Complement;486
38.8;Summary;486
38.9;References;487
38.10;Acknowledgments;488
39;Chapter 32.
Virus Induced Autoimmune Disease: Viruses in the Production and Prevention of Autoimmune Disease;490
39.1;References;495
39.2;Acknowledgement;496
40;Chapter 33.
Glomerular Capillary Permeability and Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome;498
40.1;Introduction;498
40.2;Micropuncture and Histologic Studies;499
40.3;Experimental Induction of Proteinuria;502
40.4;Aminonucleoside Nephrosis;502
40.5;Glomerular Polyanion;504
40.6;Biochemical Studies;505
40.7;Relationship of Increased Glomerular Permeability to Mesangial Function;507
40.8;Transfer o f Aminonucleoside Nephrosis by Transplantation;510
40.9;Summary;511
40.10;References;512
40.11;Acknowledgments;515
41;Chapter 34. Mechanism of Lysosomal Enzyme Release in Gout and Immunologic Tissue Injury;524
41.1;Mechanisms of Enzyme Release From Phagocytic Cells;524
41.2;Cell Death;524
41.3;Gout and "Perforation From Within";525
41.4;Immune Tissue Injury by "Regurgitation During Feeding";529
41.5;Immunologic Release of Lysosomal Enzymes By "Reverse Endocytosis";535
41.6;References;540
42;Chapter 35. Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, Blocking Serum Factors and "Unblocking" Antibodies in Cancer Patients;544
42.1;Cell-Mediated Immunity to Tumors in Animals and in Man;544
42.2;Human Tumors of the Same Histological Type Cross-React Antigenically;545
42.3;Blocking Serum Factors;547
42.4;Unblocking Antibodies;550
42.5;Conclusions;552
42.6;References;552
43;Chapter 36. Mixed Haemadsorption and Immunofluorescence Studies on Immunocompetition at the Membrane;556
43.1;Materials and Methods Cell Culture;557
43.2;Human Sera;558
43.3;Animal Sera;558
43.4;Mixed Haemadsorption Test (MHT);558
43.5;The Indirect Immunofluorescent Technique;559
43.6;Results;560
43.7;Discussion;564
43.8;Summary;568
43.9;References;568
44;Chapter 37. Humoral Tumor Immunity in Man: Possible Role in Host Defense Against Cancer;574
44.1;References;582
44.2;Acknowledgments;583
45;Chapter 38. Modification of Immunogenicity in Experimental Immunotherapy and Prophylaxis;584
45.1;Materials and Methods;585
45.2;Discussion;590
45.3;References;593
46;Chapter 39. Manipulation of the Immune Response towards Immunotherapy of Cancer;598
46.1;Introduction;598
46.2;Basis for Immunotherapy;598
46.3;Tumor Specific Cellular Antigens;599
46.4;Immunologic Surveillance Against Cancer;599
46.5;Tumor Specific Immune Response;600
46.6;Methods of Immunotherapy Immunoprophylaxis;600
46.7;Non-specific Immunologic Stimulation;601
46.8;Active Immunization Against Tumor Specific Antigens;603
46.9;Transfer of Immunity;604
46.10;Results of Human Immunotherapy;607
46.11;Suppression of Production of Enhancing Antibody;607
46.12;Escape Mechanisms: Role of the Tumor;610
46.13;Selected References;613
47;Chapter 40.
An Overview of the Panel Discussion on Immunology;622

Leseproben

PARTICIPANTS

Stuart A. Aaronson,     Molecular Biology Section, Viral Leukemia and Lymphoma Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland

Norman G. Anderson,     Molecular Anatomy (MAN Program), Oakridge Laboratories, Oakridge, Tennessee

Fritz H. Bach,     Division of Medical Genetics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

Marilyn L. Bach,     Division of Medical Genetics and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin

David Baltimore,     Department of Microbiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Edward B. Blau,     Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Edward A. Boyse,     Immunology Section, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, and Department of Biology, Cornell University, New York, New York

Roscoe O. Brady,     Laboratory of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland

Gilbert C.H. Chang,     Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Immunology Section, Department of Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Yong Sung Choi,     Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry, and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

J.H. Coggin, Jr.,     Molecular Anatomy (MAN Program), Oakridge Laboratories, Oakridge, Tennessee

Susan E. Cullen,     Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

Noorbibi K.B. Day,     Department of Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Stacey B. Day,     Bell Museum of Pathobiology and Departments of Pathology and Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Frank J. Dixon,     Department of Experimental Pathology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California

Carl Eklund,     Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana

Astrid Fagraeus,     Department of Immunology, National Bacteriological Laboratory, Karolinska Institute School of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden

Michael E. Fritz,     Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Immunology Section, Department of Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Larry D. Frye,     National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland

D. Carleton Gajdusek,     Laboratory of Slow Latent and Temperate Virus Infections, Central Nervous System Studies Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland

Clarence J. Gibbs, Jr.,     Laboratory of Slow Latent and Temperate Virus Infections, Central Nervous System Studies Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland

Raymond V. Gilden,     Viral Carcinogenesis Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland

Norton B. Gilula,     Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Robert A. Good,     Departments of Pathology, Pediatrics, and Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Daniel A. Goodenough,     Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Beulah Holmes Gray,     Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Maurice Green,     Molecular Virology Institute, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

William J. Hadlow,     Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana

Ingegerd Hellstrom,     Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington

Karl Erik Hellstrom,     Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington

Sylvia Hoffstein,     Department of Medicine, New York School of Medicine and Cancer Research, Health Research Council of the City of New York, New York, New York

John R. Hoyer,     Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Sreerama M. Jagarlamoody,     Department of Surgery and Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

John H. Kersey,     Department of Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Stuart Kornfeld,     Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

Carlos Lopez,     Department of Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Charles F. McKhann,     Department of Surgery and Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

S. Michael Mauer,     Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Alfred F. Michael,     Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Donald L. Morton,     Department of Surgery, Division of Oncology, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

Hans J. Müller-Eberhard,     Division of Experimental Pathology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California

André J. Nahmias,     Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease and Immunology Section, Department of Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Stanley G. Nathenson,     Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

Garth L. Nicolson,     Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, California

Michael B.A. Oldstone,     Division of Experimental Pathology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California

Wade P. Parks,     Viral Carcinogenesis Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland

Angelyn Rios,     Department of Surgery and Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Kenneth J. Rothschild,     Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Harvard-MIT Program in Health Science, Boston, Massachusetts

Benjamin D. Schwartz,     Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

Edward M. Scolnick,     Viral Carcinogenesis Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda,...