de Robertis / Alexander / Bacq Histophysiology of Synapses and Neurosecretion

International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Biology: Modern Trends in Physiological Sciences
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8059-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 258 Seiten, Web PDF

Histopbysiology of Synapses and Neurosecretion discusses the relationship between subcellular structure and function in synapses. The title discusses how neurosecretion phenomenon takes place in the important areas of central and peripheral nervous system. The first part of text deals with the synapse. Topics such as the concept of synaptic transmission, morphology of synaptic region, and ultrastructure of synaptic region are covered in the first part. Part I also discusses the MORPHO-physiological correlations in certain synapses; and neurochemical studies in isolated nerve endings and synaptic vesicles of the CNS. The second part of the selection covers neorosecretion. Part II tackles the neurohumoral mechanisms and secretion in the hypothalamicneurohypophysial system; secretory processes; and secretion in adrenergic nerves and endings. The book will be of great use to student, researchers, and practitioners of neurology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

de Robertis, Eduardo D. P.

Alexander, P.

Bacq, Z. M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Histophysiology of Synapses and Neurosecretion;4
3;Copyright Page
;5
4;Table of Contents
;6
5;Introduction;10
6;PART I: THE SYNAPSE;16
6.1;Chapter 1. General Concepts on Synaptic Transmission;18
6.1.1;Morphological Concept of the Synapse;18
6.1.2;Physiological Concept of the Synapse;19
6.1.3;Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission;21
6.1.4;Microphysiological Studies of Synaptic Transmission;23
6.1.5;Summary;29
6.2;Chapter 2. Morphology of the Synaptic Region;31
6.2.1;Distribution of Synapses: Specific Synaptic Patterns;33
6.2.2;Number and Size of Endings;35
6.2.3;Structure of Synaptic Endings;37
6.2.4;Summary;41
6.3;Chapter 3. General Ultrastructure of the Synaptic Region;42
6.3.1;Preliminary Observations of Synaptic Regions with the Electron Microscope;42
6.3.2;General Description of the Synaptic Region;45
6.3.3;Summary;62
6.4;Chapter 4. Ultrastructure of Special Synapses and the Problem of Localisation of Synaptic Vesicles;64
6.4.1;Ultrastructure of the Neuromuscular Junction;64
6.4.2;Synapses in Peripheral Ganglia;70
6.4.3;Synapses in the Electric Organ;74
6.4.4;Invertebrate Synapses;74
6.4.5;Microvesicles in Receptor Endings;75
6.4.6;Micro vesicles in Regenerating Nerves;78
6.4.7;The Problem of the Localization of Synaptic Vesicles;78
6.4.8;The Role of Acetylcholine at Pre- and Postsynaptic Sites;80
6.4.9;Ultrastructure of Electrical Synapses;81
6.4.10;Summary;83
6.5;Chapter 5. Morpho-physiological Correlations in Certain Synapses ;85
6.5.1;Changes in Nerve Endings of the Adrenal Medulla After Electrical Stimulation;86
6.5.2;Origin of Synaptic Vesicles;91
6.5.3;Stimulation of the Neuromuscular Junction;93
6.5.4;Mobilization of Synaptic Vesicles;94
6.5.5;Changes in Synaptic Structure With Environmental Temperature;96
6.5.6;The Synaptic Vesicles as Units of Transmitter Substances.;97
6.5.7;The Action of Botulin Toxin on Synaptic Transmission;102
6.5.8;Physiology and Geometry of the Synapse;103
6.5.9;The So-called Synaptic Barrier;106
6.5.10;Summary;109
6.6;Chapter 6. Synaptic Vesicles and the Functional Changes of Synapses During Nerve Degeneration;111
6.6.1;Submicroscopic Morphology of Degenerating Synapses;112
6.6.2;Submicroscopic Morphology and Function in Degenerating Myoneuronal Junctions;116
6.6.3;Summary;120
6.7;Chapter 7. Synapses of the Retina;121
6.7.1;Submicroscopic Morphology of Rod and Cone Synapses;121
6.7.2;Submicroscopic Morphology and Function of Inner Synapses of the Retina;131
6.7.3;Summary;135
6.8;Chapter 8. Neurochemical Studies in Isolated Nerve Endings and Synaptic Vesicles of the CNS;137
6.8.1;Acetylcholine and Choiineacetylase Containing Particles of the Brain;138
6.8.2;Acetylcholinesterase in the Nervous Tissue;141
6.8.3;Isolation of Synaptic Vesicles;143
6.8.4;Isolation of Nerve Endings Containing the ACh-System.;144
6.8.5;Localization of the ACh-System Within the Synaptic Complex;147
6.8.6;Further Studies on the Isolation of Nerve Endings;149
6.8.7;Subcellular Localization of AChE and Synaptic Function;153
6.8.8;Release of Acetylcholine from Isolated Nerve Endings;158
6.8.9;The Physiological Release of ACh;160
6.8.10;Subcellular Distribution of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and 5- Hydroxytryptamine Decarboxylase in the CNS;161
6.8.11;Subcellular Distribution of Noradrenaline (NA) in the CNS;163
6.8.12;Subcellular Distribution of Monoaminooxidase (MAO) in the CNS;164
6.8.13;Subcellular Distribution of Enzymes related to .-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA).;165
6.8.14;Summary;168
7;PART II: NEUROSECRETION;172
7.1;Chapter 9. Neurohumoral Mechanisms and Secretion in the Hypothalamic-Neurohypophysial System;174
7.1.1;Unitary Concept of Neurohumoral Mechanisms;174
7.1.2;The Hypotbalamic-Neurohypophysial System;176
7.1.3;Neurosecretion in Synaptic Areas of Annelids and Molluscs;195
7.1.4;Summary;197
7.2;Chapter 10. Secretory Process of the Adrenal Medulla;200
7.2.1;Cell Types in the Adrenal Medulla;201
7.2.2;Submicroscopic Morphology of the Adrenomedullarv Cells;202
7.2.3;Formation of the Secretion Droplets;204
7.2.4;Nature of the Secretion Droplets;207
7.2.5;Release of the Secretion Droplets;208
7.2.6;Summary;212
7.3;Chapter 11. Secretory Process in the Nerve Endings of the Pineal Gland;214
7.3.1;Structure and Innervation of the Pineal Gland;215
7.3.2;Submicroscopic Morphology of the Pinealocyte;216
7.3.3;Adrenergic Nerve Fibres and Endings of the Pineal Gland..;218
7.3.4;Plurivesicular Material of the Pineal Nerve Endings;219
7.3.5;Summary;223
7.4;Chapter 12. Secretion in Adrenergic Nerves and Endings;225
7.4.1;Structural Organization of Neuroeffectors;225
7.4.2;The Plurivesicular Component of Adrenergic Axons and Endings;227
7.4.3;Biosynthesis, Storage and Release of the Transmitter in Adrenergic Nerves;229
7.4.4;Adrenergic Axons and Endings in the Hypothalamus;232
7.4.5;Summary;233
8;Reference;237
9;Index;250