Demirbas Biorefineries

For Biomass Upgrading Facilities
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-84882-721-9
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 240 Seiten

Industrial biorefineries have been identified as the most promising routes to the creation of a bio-based economy. Partial biorefineries already exist in some energy crop, forest-based, and lignocellulosic product facilities. examines the variety of different technologies which integrated bio-based industries use to produce chemicals; biofuels; food and feed ingredients; biomaterials; and power from biomass raw materials. Conversion technologies are also covered, since biomass can be converted into useful biofuels and biochemicals via biomass upgrading and biorefinery technologies.

will prove a practical resource for chemical engineers, and fuel and environmental engineers. It will also be invaluable in academic fields, providing useful information for both researchers and students.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Demirbas, Ayhan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;1 Introduction;10
3.1;1.1 Introduction;10
3.2;1.2 Short Supply of Petroleum;12
3.3;1.3 Coal, Coal Liquefaction, and Refining;20
3.4;1.4 Natural Gas;25
3.5;1.5 Oil Shale and Tar Sands;29
3.6;1.6 Natural Bitumen and Extra- Heavy Oil;31
3.7;1.7 Introduction to Renewable and Biorenewable Sources;33
3.8;References;40
4;2 Fuels from Biomass;42
4.1;2.1 Introduction;42
4.2;2.2 The Chemistry of Biomass;51
4.3;2.3 Biomass Conversion Processes;56
4.4;2.4 Chemicals from Biomass;59
4.5;2.5 Biofuels from Biomass;67
4.6;2.6 Barriers to the Development of Biofuels;79
4.7;References;80
5;3 Biorefinery;83
5.1;3.1 Introduction;83
5.2;3.2 Definitions of Biorefinery;86
5.3;3.3 The History of Biorefinery;89
5.4;3.4 Petroleum Refinery and Biorefinery;93
5.5;References;99
6;4 Transportation Fuels;101
6.1;4.1 Introduction;101
6.2;4.2 Gasoline or Petrol;102
6.3;4.3 Diesel Fuel;107
6.4;4.4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas;110
6.5;4.5 Compressed Natural Gas;111
6.6;4.6 Hydrogen;112
6.7;4.7 Biorenewable Liquid Fuels;113
6.8;4.8 Biorenewable Gaseous Fuels;117
6.9;References;120
7;5 Biomass Fractionation and Valorization;122
7.1;5.1 Introduction;122
7.2;5.2 Biomass Fractionation and Valorization Facilities;124
7.3;5.3 Physical Valorization Facilities of Biomass;128
7.4;5.4 Chemical Valorization Facilities of Biomass;132
7.5;5.5 Reuse of Wood Wastes for Energy Generation;134
7.6;5.6 Biochemical Valorization Facilities of Biomass;137
7.7;References;139
8;6 Thermochemical Processes;141
8.1;6.1 Introduction;141
8.2;6.2 Combustion of Biomass;144
8.3;6.3 Liquefaction Process;145
8.4;6.4 Pyrolysis Process;157
8.5;6.5 Gasification Process;181
8.6;References;195
9;7 Biochemical Processes;199
9.1;7.1 Introduction;199
9.2;7.2 Biochemical Conversion Facilities;200
9.3;7.3 Production of Fuels;200
9.4;7.4 Production of Chemicals;204
9.5;7.5 Upgrading of Biochemical Conversion Products;208
9.6;7.6 Refining of Biochemical Conversion Products;210
9.7;References;214
10;8 Biorefining Economy;216
10.1;8.1 Introduction;216
10.2;References;224
10.3;9.1 Introduction;226
10.4;9.2 Political Impacts;227
10.5;References;231
10.6;10.1 Introduction;232
10.7;10.2 Environmental Impacts;233
10.8;References;239
11;9 Political Impacts of Biorefinery;226
12;10 Environmental Impacts of Biorefineries;232
13;Index;241