Dobby / Rao Processing of Complex Ores

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Processing of Complex Ores, Halifax, August 20-24, 1989
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8713-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 609 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Proceedings of Metallurgical Society of Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

A broad spectrum of the subject from basic research to plant applications has been covered. Flotation and hydrometallurgy have attracted a good deal of interest in view of their growing importance in the processing of complex ores. Physical methods including magnetic and gravity separation techniques have received attention in the processing of tantalum, niobium and tungsten. In addition, a set of papers is devoted to expert systems and their applications in mineral processing plants.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dobby, G. S.

Rao, S. R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Processing of Complex Ores;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Organizing and Editorial Committee;6
6;Preface;7
7;Part 1: Flotation — Basic Research;12
7.1;Chapter 1. A study of the natural and induced hydrophobicity of some sulphide minerals by collectorless flotation;14
7.1.1;ABSTRACT;14
7.1.2;KEYWORDS;14
7.1.3;INTRODUCTION;15
7.1.4;RESULTS;17
7.1.5;DISCUSSION;22
7.1.6;EXPERIMENTAL;15
7.1.7;CONCLUSIONS;26
7.1.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;27
7.1.9;REFERENCES;27
7.2;Chapter 2. Natural hydrophobicity of native gold flakes and their flotation under different conditions;30
7.2.1;ABSTRACT;30
7.2.2;KEYWORDS;30
7.2.3;INTRODUCTION;30
7.2.4;EXPERIMENTAL;30
7.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;37
7.2.6;REFERENCES;37
7.3;Chapter 3. Orientation of thiol collectors on chalcocite;40
7.3.1;ABSTRACT;40
7.3.2;KEYWORDS;40
7.3.3;INTRODUCTION;40
7.3.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;41
7.3.5;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;44
7.3.6;CONCLUSIONS;49
7.3.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;50
7.3.8;REFERENCES;50
7.4;Chapter 4. Investigation on mechanism of sorption and aggregation properties of long-chained thiol collectors in application to polymineral copper ores;52
7.4.1;ABSTRACT;52
7.4.2;KEYWORDS;52
7.4.3;INTRODUCTION;52
7.4.4;EXPERIMENTAL;53
7.4.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;54
7.4.6;REFERENCES;59
7.5;Chapter 5. Some physico-chemical aspects in the flotation of complex pyritic ores;62
7.5.1;ABSTRACT;62
7.5.2;KEYWORDS;62
7.5.3;INTRODUCTION;62
7.5.4;ORE SAMPLES;62
7.5.5;TESTS IN A HALLIMOND TUBE;63
7.5.6;ZETA POTENTIAL;63
7.5.7;COLLECTOR ADSORPTION;64
7.5.8;DISSOLVED OXYGEN;65
7.5.9;PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FEATURES OF ORE FLOTATION;65
7.5.10;SIZE DISTRIBUTION;67
7.5.11;FLOTATION CELLS;69
7.5.12;DISCUSSION;70
7.5.13;CONCLUSION;71
7.5.14;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;71
7.5.15;REFERENCES;71
7.6;Chapter 6. The chemical principles of flotation, activation and depression of arsenopyrite;72
7.6.1;ABSTRACT;72
7.6.2;KEYWORDS;72
7.6.3;INTRODUCTION;72
7.6.4;METHODS;73
7.6.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;73
7.6.6;CONCLUSIONS;80
7.6.7;REFERENCES;80
7.7;Chapter 7. Electrochemical modification of sulphide flotation;82
7.7.1;ABSTRACT;82
7.7.2;KEYWORDS;82
7.7.3;INTRODUCTION;82
7.7.4;METHODS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;83
7.7.5;CONCLUSIONS;95
7.7.6;REFERENCES;95
7.8;Chapter 8. Selective bubble-particle detachment forces and flotation for the galena/quartz system;98
7.8.1;ABSTRACT;98
7.8.2;KEYWORDS;98
7.8.3;INTRODUCTION;98
7.8.4;EXPERIMENTAL;99
7.8.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;107
7.8.6;REFERENCES;107
7.9;Chapter 9. Effect of counter-ions on the floatability and adsorption of cetylpridinium cation at mineral surfaces;108
7.9.1;Introduction;108
7.9.2;Measurements;108
7.9.3;Interpretation;116
7.9.4;Abreviations;121
7.9.5;Literatur;121
7.10;Chapter 10. Preparation and structure-reactivity relationship of organophosphorous flotation reagents;122
7.10.1;ABSTRACT;122
7.10.2;KEYWORDS;122
7.10.3;INTRODUCTION;122
7.10.4;NEW COLLECTORS;123
7.10.5;CONCLUSIONS;130
7.10.6;REFERENCE;131
7.11;Chapter 11. Depressant action of low molecular weight non-ionic surfactants on talc;132
7.11.1;ABSTRACT;132
7.11.2;KEYWORDS;132
7.11.3;INTRODUCTION;132
7.11.4;MATERIALS AND METHODS;132
7.11.5;EXPERIMENTAL;134
7.11.6;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;135
7.11.7;CONCLUSION;140
7.11.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;140
7.11.9;REFERENCES;140
7.12;Chapter 12. Surface chemistry of complexing agents as depressants in salt-type mineral flotation;142
7.12.1;1. Introduction;142
7.12.2;2. Test systems;142
7.12.3;3. Flotations to test the complexIng agents as depressants;143
7.12.4;4. Collector adsorption;143
7.12.5;5. Adsorption of complexing agents;149
7.12.6;6. Composition of the suspension;152
7.12.7;7. Electrokinetic measurements;152
7.12.8;8. Summary;155
7.12.9;Abbreviations;156
7.13;Chapter 13. Pretreatment of flotation collectors;158
7.13.1;ABSTRACT;158
7.13.2;KEYWORDS;158
7.13.3;INTRODUCTION;158
7.13.4;METHODS;159
7.13.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;160
7.13.6;CONCLUSION;167
7.13.7;REFERENCES;167
7.14;Chapter 14. The chemistry and structure-activity relationships for new sulphide collectors;168
7.14.1;ABSTRACT;168
7.14.2;KEYWORDS;168
7.14.3;INTRODUCTION;168
7.14.4;EXPERIMENTAL;169
7.14.5;STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AND RESULTS;170
7.14.6;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;176
7.14.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;177
7.14.8;REFERENCES;177
8;Part 2: Flotation — Plant Applications;178
8.1;Chapter 15. High intensity conditioning — a new approach to improving flotation of mineral slimes;180
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;180
8.1.2;KEYWORDS;180
8.1.3;INTRODUCTION;180
8.1.4;REFERENCES;192
8.2;Chapter 16. Pilot plant testing of metabisulphite in the lead circuit for Hilton ore;194
8.2.1;ABSTRACT;194
8.2.2;KEYWORDS;194
8.2.3;INTRODUCTION;194
8.2.4;DISCUSSION OF PILOT PLANT OPERATION AND RESULTS;197
8.2.5;DISCUSSION OF DOWN THE BANK DATA FOR GALENA ROUGHERS;202
8.2.6;CONCLUSIONS;203
8.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;203
8.2.8;REFERENCES;203
8.3;Chapter 17. Some observations on copper-zinc separation from complex sulphide ores;204
8.3.1;ABSTRACT;204
8.3.2;KEYWORDS;204
8.3.3;INTRODUCTION;204
8.3.4;COLLECTORLESS FLOTATION;205
8.3.5;SUMMARY;212
8.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;213
8.3.7;REFERENCES;213
8.4;Chapter 18. Potential controlled flotation and depression of copper sulphides and oxides using hydrosulphide in non-xanthate systems;214
8.4.1;ABSTRACT;214
8.4.2;KEYWORDS;214
8.4.3;INTRODUCTION;214
8.4.4;EXPERIMENTAL;215
8.4.5;RESULTS;217
8.4.6;DISCUSSION;222
8.4.7;PRACTICAL ASPECTS AND CONCLUDING REMARKS;223
8.4.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;224
8.4.9;REFERENCES;224
8.5;Chapter 19. Application of reverse pyrite flotation at Kidd Creek Mines Ltd;226
8.5.1;ABSTRACT;226
8.5.2;KEYWORDS;226
8.5.3;INTRODUCTION;226
8.5.4;PILOT PLANT TESTING;227
8.5.5;FLOWSHEET DESIGN AND EQUIPMENT SELECTION;229
8.5.6;OPERATING RESULTS WITH 'C' TYPE ORE;231
8.5.7;OPERATING PROBLEMS;232
8.5.8;DATA ANALYSIS;232
8.5.9;PERFORMANCE AND ISOEFFICIENCY CURVES;234
8.5.10;OPTIMIZATION OF THE COMBINED ZINC CIRCUIT;234
8.5.11;CONCLUSIONS;234
8.5.12;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;237
8.5.13;REFERENCES;237
8.6;Chapter 20. The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrrhotite;238
8.6.1;ABSTRACT;238
8.6.2;KEYWORDS;238
8.6.3;INTRODUCTION;238
8.6.4;MATERIAL AND PROCEDURE;239
8.6.5;RESULTS;240
8.6.6;CONCLUSIONS;244
8.6.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;245
8.6.8;REFERENCES;245
8.7;Chapter 21. Evaluation of the wash water addition in mechanical flotation cells by conductivity and tracer techniques;246
8.7.1;ABSTRACT;246
8.7.2;KEYWORDS;246
8.7.3;THEORETICAL BACKGROUND;246
8.7.4;EXPERIMENTAL;248
8.7.5;METHODOLOGY;249
8.7.6;RESULTS;251
8.7.7;CONCLUSIONS;257
8.7.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;259
8.7.9;REFERENCES;259
8.8;Chapter 22. Barite recovery from secondary sources by froth flotation;260
8.8.1;ABSTRACT;260
8.8.2;KEYWORDS;260
8.8.3;INTRODUCTION;260
8.8.4;SECONDARY BARITE RAW MATERIALS - ORIGIN, MINERAL COMPOSITION AND POTENTIAL;260
8.8.5;MARKET REQUIREMENTS;261
8.8.6;CHARACTERIZATION OF RAW MATERIALS;262
8.8.7;FLOTATION STUDIES;263
8.8.8;OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES;266
8.8.9;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;269
8.8.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;269
8.8.11;REFERENCES;270
8.9;Chapter 23. Split flotation of calcite from wollastonite and microcline—the calcite-rich wollastonite ore of northern Sweden;272
8.9.1;KEYWORDS;272
8.9.2;INTRODUCTION;272
8.9.3;EXPERIMENTAL;273
8.9.4;RESULTS;276
8.9.5;DISCUSSION;277
8.9.6;REFERENCES;289
8.10;Chapter 24. Water treatment and flotation studies on recycle water from pyrochlore processing plant;290
8.10.1;ABSTRACT;290
8.10.2;KEYWORDS;290
8.10.3;INTRODUCTION;291
8.10.4;ON-SITE WATER QUALITY;292
8.10.5;PILOT PLANT;294
8.10.6;MICRO-FLOTATION STUDIES;297
8.10.7;PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATE OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT;300
8.10.8;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;300
8.10.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;300
8.10.10;REFERENCE;300
9;Part 3: Column Flotation;302
9.1;Chapter 24. The commissioning of the first flotation columns at Mount Isa Mines Limited;304
9.1.1;ABSTRACT;304
9.1.2;KEYWORDS;304
9.1.3;INTRODUCTION;304
9.1.4;THE LGM CIRCUIT;304
9.1.5;COMMISSIONING;306
9.1.6;ANALYSIS OF METALLURGICAL RESULTS;306
9.1.7;MIXING CHARACTERISTICS AND ENTRAINMENT;309
9.1.8;CONCLUSIONS;313
9.1.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;313
9.1.10;REFERENCES;313
9.2;Chapter 25. Large diameter column optimization and scale-up;314
9.2.1;ABSTRACT;314
9.2.2;KEYWORDS;314
9.2.3;INTRODUCTION;314
9.2.4;COLUMN CONSTRUCTION;315
9.2.5;INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL;315
9.2.6;IMPROVEMENTS;315
9.2.7;SIMULTANEOUS TESTING;320
9.2.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;320
9.2.9;REFERENCES;320
9.3;Chapter 26. Gas rate and froth depth effects on performance of a Cu-Ni separation flotation column;322
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;322
9.3.2;KEYWORDS;322
9.3.3;BACKGROUND;322
9.3.4;EVALUATION OF SELECTED OPERATING AND DESIGN PARAMETERS;326
9.3.5;CONCLUSIONS;333
9.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;333
9.3.7;REFERENCES;333
9.4;Chapter 27. A level detection probe for industrial flotation columns;336
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;336
9.4.2;KEYWORDS;336
9.4.3;LEVEL DETECTION IN FLOTATION COLUMNS: IMPORTANCE AND DIFFICULTIES;336
9.4.4;MEASUREMENT OF LOCAL CONDUCTANCE WITHIN A COLUMN;338
9.4.5;LEVEL DETECTION PROBE AND ASSOCIATED DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM;339
9.4.6;RESULTS OF PROBE TESTING EXPERIMENTS;341
9.4.7;OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS;343
9.4.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;345
9.4.9;REFERENCES;345
9.5;Chapter 28. Direct measurement of froth zone performance in a laboratory flotation column;346
9.5.1;ABSTRACT;346
9.5.2;KEYWORDS;346
9.5.3;INTRODUCTION;346
9.5.4;EXPERIMENTAL;350
9.5.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;351
9.5.6;CONCLUSIONS;357
9.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;357
9.5.8;NOMENCLATURE;357
9.5.9;REFERENCES;358
9.6;Chapter 29. Flotation column amenablity and scale-up parameter estimation tests;360
9.6.1;ABSTRACT;360
9.6.2;KEYWORDS;360
9.6.3;INTRODUCTION;360
9.6.4;AMENABILITY TESTS;360
9.6.5;SCALE UP TESTS;365
9.6.6;REFERENCES;369
9.7;Chapter 30. Characterization of gas sparging media in the flotation column;370
9.7.1;ABSTRACT;370
9.7.2;KEYWORDS;370
9.7.3;INTRODUCTION;370
9.7.4;EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP;371
9.7.5;CONCLUSIONS;378
9.7.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;379
9.7.7;REFERENCES;379
9.8;Chapter 31. Process mineralogy of column flotation;380
9.8.1;ABSTRACT;380
9.8.2;KEYWORDS;380
9.8.3;INTRODUCTION;380
9.8.4;POLARIS LEAD CONCENTRATE;380
9.8.5;SULLIVAN PILOT COLUMN - DEZINCING LEAD CONCENTRATE;383
9.8.6;SULLIVAN ZINC CONCENTRATE;384
9.8.7;RED DOG ZINC CONCENTRATE;386
9.8.8;PINE POINT ZINC CONCENTRATE;387
9.8.9;CONCLUSIONS;388
9.8.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;389
9.8.11;REFERENCES;389
9.9;Chapter 32. Column flotation with negative bias;390
9.9.1;ABSTRACT;390
9.9.2;KEYWORDS;390
9.9.3;INTRODUCTION;390
9.9.4;EXPERIMENTAL;391
9.9.5;RESULTS;391
9.9.6;CONCLUSIONS;396
9.9.7;REFERENCES;396
9.10;Chapter 33. Packed-bed column flotation for flyash beneficiation;398
9.10.1;ABSTRACT;398
9.10.2;KEYWORDS;398
9.10.3;INTRODUCTION;398
9.10.4;TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS;399
9.10.5;SELECTION OF FLOTATION MACHINES;400
9.10.6;MATERIALS AND FLOTATION REAGENTS;401
9.10.7;RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;401
9.10.8;CONCLUSIONS;405
9.10.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;405
9.10.10;REFERENCES;405
9.11;Chapter 34. Gas rate limitation in column flotation;408
9.11.1;ABSTRACT;408
9.11.2;KEYWORDS;408
9.11.3;INTRODUCTION;408
9.11.4;EXPERIMENTAL WORK;409
9.11.5;CONCLUSIONS;417
9.11.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;417
9.11.7;NOTATION;417
9.11.8;REFERENCES;418
10;Part 4: Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Concentrates;420
10.1;Chapter 35. Treatment of Agnico Eagle's silver-bearing flotation concentrate by the nitrox process;422
10.1.1;ABSTRACT;422
10.1.2;KEYWORDS;422
10.1.3;INTRODUCTION;422
10.1.4;MINERALOGY;423
10.1.5;MILLING PRACTICE;423
10.1.6;REFINING PRACTICE;423
10.1.7;NEW PROCESS DEVELOPMENT;424
10.1.8;BENCH SCALE TESTWORK;424
10.1.9;CLOSED LOOP TESTWORK;428
10.1.10;SUMMARY;431
10.1.11;REFERENCES;431
10.2;Chapter 36. Gold and silver extraction with non-cyanide reagents from a refractory complex sulphide ore;432
10.2.1;ABSTRACT;432
10.2.2;KEYWORDS;432
10.2.3;INTRODUCTION;432
10.2.4;EXPERIMENTAL;433
10.2.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;434
10.2.6;CONCLUSION;439
10.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;439
10.2.8;REFERENCES;439
10.3;Chapter 37. Arseno/redox process for refractory gold ores;442
10.3.1;ABSTRACT;442
10.3.2;KEYWORDS;442
10.3.3;INTRODUCTION;442
10.3.4;PROCESS CHEMISTRY;443
10.3.5;WHOLE ORE TREATMENT;444
10.3.6;CONCENTRATE TREATMENT;446
10.3.7;IMPURITY CONTROL;447
10.3.8;SUMMARY;449
10.3.9;REFERENCES;450
10.4;Chapter 38. The acid test: criteria to evaluate processes for treating complex sulphides;452
10.4.1;ABSTRACT;452
10.4.2;KEY WORDS;452
10.4.3;INTRODUCTION;452
10.4.4;METHODOLOGY FOR FEED STOCK SELECTION;453
10.4.5;GRADE/RECOVERY RELATIONSHIPS;454
10.4.6;NET RETURNS TO THE MINES;457
10.4.7;PRICING FEED STOCKS FOR A NEW PROCESS;462
10.4.8;FEED STOCKS FOR AN SRL PLANT;465
10.4.9;TECHNICAL CRITERIA FOR INDUSTRY ACCEPTANCE;465
10.4.10;CONCLUSIONS;469
10.4.11;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;469
10.4.12;APPENDIX;470
10.4.13;REFERENCES;470
10.5;Chapter 39. Integrated biological process for complex sulphides;472
10.5.1;ABSTRACT;472
10.5.2;KEYWORDS;472
10.5.3;INTRODUCTION;472
10.5.4;METALS EXTRACTION;473
10.5.5;BIOLOGICAL SULPHATE REDUCTION;474
10.5.6;BIOLOGICAL CYANIDE DETOXIFICATION;481
10.5.7;INTEGRATED PROCESSING;485
10.5.8;REFERENCES;487
11;Part 5: Nb-Ta-Sn-W;490
11.1;Chapter 40. Aspects of tantalum concentration at Tanco;492
11.1.1;ABSTCACT;492
11.1.2;KEYWORDS;492
11.1.3;HISTORY;492
11.1.4;GEOLOGY AND MINING;493
11.1.5;CONCENTRATION;493
11.1.6;CONCLUDING OCMOENTS;500
11.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;500
11.1.8;REFERENCES;500
11.2;Chapter 41. Improving recovery in the processing of hard rock tin ores;502
11.2.1;ABSTRACT;502
11.2.2;INTRODUCTION;502
11.2.3;GRAVITY CONCENTRATION;503
11.2.4;FROTH FLOTATION;504
11.2.5;ENHANCEMENT OF CASSITERITE LIBERATION;504
11.2.6;CONCLUSIONS;505
11.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;506
11.2.8;REFERENCES;506
11.3;Chapter 42. Beneficiation of carbonatite ore-bearing niobium at Niobec Mine;508
11.3.1;ABSTRACT;508
11.3.2;KEYWORDS;508
11.3.3;INTRODUCTION;508
11.3.4;PYROCHLORE BENEFICIATION;508
11.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;517
11.4;Chapter 43. Hydrofluoric and sulphuric acid leaching of tantalite;518
11.4.1;ABSTRACT;518
11.4.2;KEYWORDS;518
11.4.3;INTRODUCTION;518
11.4.4;BACKGROUND;519
11.4.5;MATERIALS;519
11.4.6;EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES;520
11.4.7;RESULTS;520
11.4.8;CONCLUSIONS;524
11.4.9;REFERENCES;526
11.5;Chapter 44. A new device for determining the separability of high-specific gravity minerals;528
11.5.1;ABSTRACT;528
11.5.2;KEYWORDS;528
11.5.3;INTRODUCTION;528
11.5.4;THE MAGSTREAMTM CONCEPT AND MEASUREMENT DESCRIPTION;529
11.5.5;GRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SEPARATIONS PERFORMED;531
11.5.6;SEPARABILITY OF A TIN SAMPLE;531
11.5.7;SEPARABILITY OF A NIOBIUM CONCENTRATE;535
11.5.8;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;537
11.5.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;537
11.5.10;REFERENCES;537
12;Part 6: Expert Systems;538
12.1;Chapter 45. Knowledge acquisition techniques for expert systems;540
12.1.1;ABSTRACT;540
12.1.2;KEYWORDS;540
12.1.3;INTRODUCTION;540
12.1.4;OVERVIEW;541
12.1.5;THE KNOWLEDGE ENGINEER;541
12.1.6;KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AIDS AND MACHINE INDUCTION;542
12.1.7;KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION THROUGH INTERVIEWS;543
12.1.8;SUMMARY;546
12.1.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;546
12.1.10;REFERENCES;546
12.2;Chapter 46. Conflict resolution and knowledge accumulation in expert systems;548
12.2.1;ABSTRACT;548
12.2.2;KEYWORDS;548
12.2.3;INTRODUCTION;548
12.2.4;PART 1: UNCERTAINTY IN RULE-BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS;549
12.2.5;SEARCH CONFLICTS;550
12.2.6;INFERENCING CONFLICTS;551
12.2.7;CONFLICTING ADVICE;556
12.2.8;PART 2: ACCUMULATION OF KNOWLEDGE;557
12.2.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;561
12.2.10;REFERENCES;561
12.3;Chapter 47. Frames for the representation of knowledge;564
12.3.1;ABSTRACT;564
12.3.2;KEYWORDS;564
12.3.3;INTRODUCTION;564
12.3.4;KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION MODELS;565
12.3.5;AN EXAMPLE: THE GRINDING OF CLINKER;570
12.3.6;CONCLUSION;573
12.3.7;REFERENCES;574
12.3.8;APPENDIX;574
12.4;Chapter 48. Advances in expert system applications in mineral processing;576
12.4.1;ABSTRACT;576
12.4.2;KEYWORDS;576
12.4.3;INTRODUCTION;576
12.4.4;ON BEING HUMAN AND EXPERT;577
12.4.5;EXPERT SYSTEMS IN MINERAL PROCESSING;578
12.4.6;WHAT IS NEXT?;581
12.4.7;CONCLUSION;583
12.4.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;583
12.4.9;REFERENCES;583
12.5;Chapter 49. Minex: an expert system for technical qualitative mineralogy;586
12.5.1;ABSTRACT;586
12.5.2;KEYWORDS;586
12.5.3;INTRODUCTION;586
12.5.4;BACKGROUND;587
12.5.5;DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY;588
12.5.6;MINERAL GROUPS;591
12.5.7;MATCHING PROPERTIES;594
12.5.8;ACCUMULATING EVIDENCE;595
12.5.9;CORRECT CONCLUSION;595
12.5.10;INCORRECT CONCLUSION;595
12.5.11;FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;595
12.5.12;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;596
12.5.13;REFERENCES;596
13;Subject index;598