Down / Billington / Ower Heating and Cooling Load Calculations

International Series of Monographs In: Heating, Ventilation and Refrigeration
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8635-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 268 Seiten, Web PDF

Heating and Cooling Load Calculations is a handbook that covers various concerns in calculating heating and cooling. The title provides a logical study of the physical and engineering factors that affect the heating and cooling load. The coverage of the text includes heat transfer; heating loads and its reduction; and design temperature conditions. The text also covers the cooling design conditions and the components of cooling load and its reduction. The book will be of great use to both student and professional engineers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Down, P. G.

Billington, N. S.

Ower, E.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Heating and Cooling Load Calculations;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;EDITORS' PREFACE;10
6;PREFACE;12
7;LIST OF SYMBOLS;14
8;CHAPTER 1.
HEAT TRANSFER;16
8.1;1.1. BASIC THEORY;16
8.2;1.2. APPLICATION TO BUILDING HEAT TRANSFER;17
8.3;1.3. FACTORS INFLUENCING CONDUCTIVITY;19
8.4;1.4. VALUES OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY;21
8.5;1.5. SURFACE CONDUCTANCE AND RESISTANCE;24
8.6;1.6. TEMPERATURE GRADIENT AND ISOTHERMALS;29
8.7;1.7. AIR SPACES;29
8.8;1.8. ADDING CONDUCTIVITIES AND RESISTIVITIES;33
8.9;1.9. THE ELECTRICAL ANALOGY TO HEAT TRANSFER;34
8.10;1.10. PARALLEL HEAT PATHS;35
8.11;1.11. CALCULATION OF INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES;36
8.12;1.12. SURFACE TEMPERATURES;37
8.13;1.13. SURFACE AND INTERSTITIAL CONDENSATION;37
8.14;REFERENCES;40
9;CHAPTER 2.
HEATING LOADS;41
9.1;2.1. HEAT TRANSMITTANCE COEFFICIENTS;41
9.2;2.2. WALLS;42
9.3;2.3. ROOFS;42
9.4;2.4. FLOORS;49
9.5;2.5. AIR VOLUME AND INFILTRATION;52
9.6;2.6. MECHANICAL VENTILATION;59
9.7;2.7. LATENT HEAT LOAD;59
9.8;2.8. DESIGN EXAMPLES;63
9.9;REFERENCES;75
10;CHAPTER 3.
DESIGN TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS;76
10.1;3.1. TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE;76
10.2;3.2. CLIMATOLOGY;76
10.3;3.3. TOPOGRAPHY;78
10.4;3.4. MICROCLIMATES;80
10.5;3.5. OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURES;82
10.6;3.6. SELECTION OF DESIGN OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE FOR HEATING;92
10.7;3.7. SELECTION OF DESIGN INSIDE TEMPERATURE FOR HEATING;98
10.8;3.8. STATUTORY INSIDE TEMPERATURE STANDARDS;103
10.9;3.9. LEVEL OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT;103
10.10;3.10. INTERNAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENT;105
10.11;3.11. ALLOWANCE FOR HEIGHT;105
10.12;3.12. HEAT-LOSS CALCULATION SHEETS;106
10.13;3.13. DESIGN EXAMPLES;106
10.14;REFERENCES;118
11;CHAPTER 4.
REDUCTION OF HEATING LOAD;119
11.1;4.1. THERMAL INSULATION;119
11.2;4.2. STATUTORY STANDARDS FOR INSULATION;119
11.3;4.3. SELECTION OF INSULATING MATERIALS;122
11.4;4.4. THE POSITION OF INSULATION WITHIN THE STRUCTURE;126
11.5;4.5. APPLICATION OF INSULATION;127
11.6;4.6. HEAT GAINS;130
11.7;4.7. DIVERSITY OF LOAD;131
11.8;4.8. DESIGN EXAMPLES;131
11.9;REFERENCES;133
12;CHAPTER 5.
COOLING DESIGN CONDITIONS;134
12.1;5.1. SELECTION OF DESIGN OUTSIDE CONDITIONS FOR COOLING;134
12.2;5.2. SELECTION OF DESIGN OUTSIDE CONDITIONS FOR DEHUMIDIFICATION;136
12.3;5.3. SELECTION OF DESIGN INSIDE CONDITIONS FOR COOLING;136
12.4;5.4. COOLING CALCULATION SHEETS;143
12.5;5.5. DESIGN EXAMPLES;143
12.6;REFERENCES;143
13;CHAPTER 6.
SOLAR RADIATION;144
13.1;6.1. EXTRATERRESTRIAL SOLAR ENERGY INTENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION;144
13.2;6.2. SURFACE SOLAR ENERGY INTENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION;145
13.3;6.3. DIRECT, DIFFUSE AND GROUND RADIATION;147
13.4;6.4. STANDARD SOLAR RADIATION TABLES;148
13.5;6.5. VARIATION IN SOLAR INTENSITY WITH SOLAR ALTITUDE ANGLE AND STATION HEIGHT;150
13.6;6.6. HAZE FACTORS;151
13.7;6.7. DEFINITIONS OF SOLAR AND SURFACE ANGLES
;151
13.8;6.8. DERIVATIONS OF SOLAR AND SURFACE ANGLES;153
13.9;6.9. CALCULATION OF SURFACE INTENSITY;156
13.10;6.10. SUN CHARTS;156
13.11;6.11. EFFECT OF STRUCTURAL MATERIAL ON THE RECEPTION OF SOLAR RADIATION;158
13.12;6.12. SOLAR HEAT GAIN THROUGH GLASS;163
13.13;6.13. GLASS AREA IN SUN;163
13.14;6.14. SOLAR HEAT GAIN THROUGH STRUCTURES;167
13.15;6.15. SOL-AIR TEMPERATURE;168
13.16;6.16. EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE;179
13.17;6.17. DESIGN EXAMPLES;179
13.18;REFERENCES;186
14;CHAPTER 7. COMPONENTS OF THE COOLING LOAD;188
14.1;7.1. TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE;188
14.2;7.2. LIGHTING;189
14.3;7.3. OCCUPANCY;193
14.4;7.4. MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT;196
14.5;7.5. PROCESS AND PRODUCE;199
14.6;7.6. OUTSIDE AIR;199
14.7;7.7. DESIGN EXAMPLE;200
14.8;REFERENCES;205
15;CHAPTER 8.
REDUCTION OF COOLING LOAD;206
15.1;8.1. SOLAR SHADING BY STRUCTURAL DESIGN;206
15.2;8.2. SOLAR SHADING BY BLINDS, LOUVRES OR DRAPES;207
15.3;8.3. TINTED OR SURFACE-COATED GLASS;210
15.4;8.4. GLASSES AND SHADING DEVICES IN COMBINATION;212
15.5;8.5. SHADING BY SURROUNDING BUILDINGS;213
15.6;8.6. USE OF SPECTRALLY SELECTIVE SURFACES;214
15.7;8.7. REDUCTION IN COOLING LOAD BY BUILDING STORAGE EFFECT;215
15.8;8.8. REDUCTION IN COOLING LOAD BY METHOD OF PLANT OPERATION;216
15.9;8.9. REDUCTION IN COOLING LOAD BY ALLOWING INDOOR TEMPERATURE "SWING";217
15.10;8.10. REDUCTION OF SOLAR HEAT GAIN DUE TO CLOUD;217
15.11;REFERENCES;218
16;APPENDIX 1:
INTERMITTENT HEATING;219
16.1;A1.1. LAW OF COOLING;219
16.2;A1.2. LAW OF HEATING;221
16.3;A1.3. SUCCESSIVE HEATING AND COOLING PERIODS;223
16.4;A1.4. DERIVING HEATING AND COOLING RATES;225
16.5;A1.5. CALCULATION OF NON-STEADY HEAT FLOW;226
16.6;A1.6. GRAPHICAL SOLUTION TO TEMPERATURE PROPAGATION;228
16.7;A1.7. CALCULATION OF INTERMITTENT HEATING LOAD;231
16.8;REFERENCES;237
17;APPENDIX 2: CONNECTION BETWEEN ALTITUDE, AZIMUTH, DECLINATION, LATITUDE AND HOUR ANGLES;238
18;APPENDIX 3: DERIVATION OF EXPRESSION FOR SOLAR INTENSITY CURVE;241
19;APPENDIX 4: THE CALCULATION OF MONTHLY AND ANNUAL SOLAR HEAT GAIN;249
19.1;REFERENCES;256
20;APPENDIX 5: SIMULTANEOUS HEATING OR COOLING LOADS;259
21;APPENDIX 6: CONVERSION FACTORS;267
22;INDEX;270