Dresig / Holzweißig Dynamics of Machinery

Theory and Applications
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-540-89940-2
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 544 Seiten

Dynamic loads and undesired oscillations increase with higher speed of machines. At the same time, industrial safety standards require better vibration reduction. This book covers model generation, parameter identification, balancing of mechanisms, torsional and bending vibrations, vibration isolation, and the dynamic behavior of drives and machine frames as complex systems.Typical dynamic effects, such as the gyroscopic effect, damping and absorption, shocks, resonances of higher order, nonlinear and self-excited vibrations are explained using practical examples. These include manipulators, flywheels, gears, mechanisms, motors, rotors, hammers, block foundations, presses, high speed spindles, cranes, and belts. Various design features, which influence the dynamic behavior, are described.The book includes 60 exercises with detailed solutions. The substantial benefit of this 'Dynamics of Machinery' lies in the combination of theory and practical applications and the numerous descriptive examples based on real-world data. The book addresses graduate students as well as engineers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dresig, Hans

Holzweißig, Franz

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface to the English Edition;6
2;Contents;8
3;Purpose and Structure of theDynamics of Machinery;14
4;Chapter 1 Model Generation and Parameter Identification;18
4.1;1.1 Classification of Calculation Models;18
4.1.1;1.1.1 General Principles;18
4.1.2;1.1.2 Examples;23
4.2;1.2 Determination of Mass Parameters;27
4.2.1;1.2.1 Overview;27
4.2.2;1.2.2 Mass and Position of the Center of Gravity;28
4.2.3;1.2.3 Moment of Inertia about an Axis;30
4.2.4;1.2.4 Moment of Inertia Tensor;34
4.3;1.3 Spring Characteristics;38
4.3.1;1.3.1 General Context;38
4.3.2;1.3.2 Machine Elements, Sub-Assemblies;42
4.3.3;1.3.3 Rubber Springs;49
4.3.4;1.3.4 Problems P1.1 to P1.3;51
4.3.5;1.3.5 Solutions S1.1 to S1.3;53
4.4;1.4 Damping Characteristics;55
4.4.1;1.4.1 General Context;55
4.4.2;1.4.2 Methods for Determining Characteristic DampingParameters;60
4.4.3;1.4.3 Empirical Damping Values;64
4.5;1.5 Characteristic Excitation Parameters;68
4.5.1;1.5.1 Periodic Excitation;68
4.5.2;1.5.2 Transient Excitation;69
4.5.3;1.5.3 Problems P1.4 to P1.6;75
4.5.4;1.5.4 Solutions S1.4 to S1.6;76
5;Chapter 2 Dynamics of Rigid Machines;80
5.1;2.1 Introduction;80
5.2;2.2 Kinematics of a Rigid Body;81
5.2.1;2.2.1 Coordinate Transformations;81
5.2.2;2.2.2 Kinematic Parameters;86
5.2.3;2.2.3 Kinematics of the Gimbal-Mounted Gyroscope;88
5.2.4;2.2.4 Problems P2.1 and P2.2;89
5.2.5;2.2.5 Solutions S2.1 and S2.2;91
5.3;2.3 Kinetics of the Rigid Body;95
5.3.1;2.3.1 Kinetic Energy and Moment of Inertia Tensor;95
5.3.2;2.3.2 Principles of Linear Momentum and of Angular Momentum;100
5.3.3;2.3.3 Kinetics of Edge Mills;103
5.3.4;2.3.4 Problems P2.3 and P2.4;106
5.3.5;2.3.5 Solutions S2.3 and S2.4;108
5.4;2.4 Kinetics of Multibody Systems;113
5.4.1;2.4.1 Mechanisms with Multiple Drives;113
5.4.2;2.4.2 Planar Mechanisms;125
5.4.3;2.4.3 States of Motion of a Rigid Machine;135
5.4.4;2.4.4 Solution of the Equations of Motion;137
5.4.5;2.4.5 Example: Press Drive;142
5.4.6;2.4.6 Problems P2.5 to P2.8;146
5.4.7;2.4.7 Solutions S2.5 to S2.8;149
5.5;2.5 Joint Forces and Foundation Loading;154
5.5.1;2.5.1 General Perspective;154
5.5.2;2.5.2 Calculating Joint Forces;155
5.5.3;2.5.3 Calculation of the Forces Acting onto the Frame;158
5.5.4;2.5.4 Joint Forces in the Linkage of a Processing Machine;161
5.5.5;2.5.5 Problems P2.9 and P2.10;163
5.5.6;2.5.6 Solutions S2.9 and S2.10;164
5.6;2.6 Methods of Mass Balancing;166
5.6.1;2.6.1 Objective;166
5.6.2;2.6.2 Counterbalancing of Rigid Rotors;166
5.6.3;2.6.3 Mass Balancing of Planar Mechanisms;173
5.6.4;2.6.4 Problems P2.11 to P2.14;180
5.6.5;2.6.5 Solutions S2.11 to S2.14;183
6;Chapter 3 Foundation and Vibration Isolation;189
6.1;3.1 Introductory Remarks;189
6.2;3.2 Foundation Loading for Periodic Excitation;193
6.2.1;3.2.1 Minimal Models with One Degree of Freedom;193
6.2.2;3.2.2 Block Foundations;203
6.2.3;3.2.3 Foundations with Two Degrees of Freedom – VibrationAbsorption;212
6.2.4;3.2.4 Example: Vibrations of an Engine-Generator System;216
6.2.5;3.2.5 Problems P3.1 to P3.3;218
6.2.6;3.2.6 Solutions to Problems S3.1 to S3.3;220
6.3;3.3 Foundations under Impact Loading;223
6.3.1;3.3.1 Modeling Forging Hammers;223
6.3.2;3.3.2 Calculation Model with Two Degrees of Freedom;225
6.3.3;3.3.3 Problems P3.4 to P3.6;228
6.3.4;3.3.4 Solutions S3.4 to S3.6;230
7;Chapter 4 Torsional Oscillators and LongitudinalOscillators;235
7.1;4.1 Introduction;235
7.2;4.2 Free Vibrations of Torsional Oscillators;241
7.2.1;4.2.1 Models with Two Degrees of Freedom;241
7.2.2;4.2.2 Oscillator Chains with Multiple Degrees of Freedom;246
7.2.3;4.2.3 Evaluation of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes;250
7.2.4;4.2.4 Examples;254
7.2.5;4.2.5 Problems P4.1 to P4.3;263
7.2.6;4.2.6 Solutions S4.1 to S4.3;265
7.3;4.3 Forced Vibrations of Discrete Torsional Oscillators;271
7.3.1;4.3.1 Periodic Excitation;271
7.3.2;4.3.2 Examples;275
7.3.3;4.3.3 Transient Excitation;284
7.3.4;4.3.4 Problems P4.4 to P4.6;290
7.3.5;4.3.5 Solutions S4.4 to S4.6;292
7.4;4.4 Absorbers and Dampers in Drive Systems;295
7.4.1;4.4.1 Introduction;295
7.4.2;4.4.2 Design of an Undamped Absorber;296
7.4.3;4.4.3 Design of a Spring-Constrained Damper;298
7.4.4;4.4.4 Design of a Springless Damper;301
7.4.5;4.4.5 Examples;303
7.5;4.5 Parameter-Excited Vibrationsby Gear Mechanisms with Varying Transmission Ratio;307
7.5.1;4.5.1 Problem Formulation/Equation of Motion;307
7.5.2;4.5.2 Solution of the Equation of Motion, Stability Behavior;309
7.5.3;4.5.3 Examples;311
7.5.4;4.5.4 Problems P4.7 and P4.8;318
7.5.5;4.5.5 Solutions S4.7 and S4.8;320
8;Chapter 5 Bending Oscillators;322
8.1;5.1 Problem Development;322
8.2;5.2 Fundamentals;323
8.2.1;5.2.1 Self-Centering in a Symmetrical Rotor;323
8.2.2;5.2.2 Passing through the Resonance Point;326
8.2.3;5.2.3 Rotating Shaft with Disk (Gyroscopic Effect);327
8.2.4;5.2.4 Bending Oscillators with a Finite Number of Degrees ofFreedom;337
8.2.5;5.2.5 Examples;339
8.2.6;5.2.6 Problems P5.1 to P5.3;346
8.2.7;5.2.7 Solutions S5.1 to S5.3;347
8.3;5.3 Beam with Distributed Mass;349
8.3.1;5.3.1 General Perspective;349
8.3.2;5.3.2 Straight Beam on Two Supports;354
8.3.3;5.3.3 Estimates by Dunkerley and Neuber;357
8.4;5.4 Model Generation for Rotors;358
8.4.1;5.4.1 General Considerations;358
8.4.2;5.4.2 Example: Grinding Spindle;361
8.5;5.5 Problems P5.4 to P5.6;362
8.6;5.6 Solutions S5.4 to S5.6;363
9;Chapter 6 Linear Oscillators with Multiple Degrees ofFreedom;366
9.1;6.1 Introduction;366
9.2;6.2 Equations of Motion;369
9.2.1;6.2.1 Mass, Spring, and Compliance matrix;369
9.2.2;6.2.2 Examples;374
9.2.3;6.2.3 Problems P6.1 to P6.3;383
9.2.4;6.2.4 Solutions S6.1 to S6.3;384
9.3;6.3 Free Undamped Vibrations;386
9.3.1;6.3.1 Natural Frequencies, Mode Shapes, Eigenforces;386
9.3.2;6.3.2 Orthogonality and Modal Coordinates;389
9.3.3;6.3.3 Initial Conditions, Initial Energy, Estimates;392
9.3.4;6.3.4 Examples;394
9.3.5;6.3.5 Problems P6.4 to P6.6;406
9.3.6;6.3.6 Solutions S6.4 to S6.6;407
9.4;6.4 Structure and Parameter Changes;410
9.4.1;6.4.1 Rayleigh Quotient;410
9.4.2;6.4.2 Sensitivity of Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes;411
9.4.3;6.4.3 Reduction of Degrees of Freedom;416
9.4.4;6.4.4 Influence of Constraints on Natural Frequencies and ModeShapes;418
9.4.5;6.4.5 Examples of the Reduction of Degrees of Freedom;422
9.4.6;6.4.6 Problems P6.7 to P6.9;430
9.4.7;6.4.7 Solutions S6.7 to S6.9;431
9.5;6.5 Forced Undamped Vibrations;437
9.5.1;6.5.1 General Solution;437
9.5.2;6.5.2 Harmonic Excitation (resonance, absorption);438
9.5.3;6.5.3 Transient Excitation (Rectangular Impulse);444
9.5.4;6.5.4 Examples;448
9.5.5;6.5.5 Problems P6.10 to P6.12;451
9.5.6;6.5.6 Solutions S6.10 to S6.12;452
9.6;6.6 Damped Vibrations;455
9.6.1;6.6.1 Determination of Damping;455
9.6.2;6.6.2 Free Damped Vibrations;456
9.6.3;6.6.3 Harmonic Excitation;458
9.6.4;6.6.4 Periodic Excitation;463
9.6.5;6.6.5 Examples;466
9.6.6;6.6.6 Problems P6.13 to P6.16;471
9.6.7;6.6.7 Solutions S6.13 to S6.16;471
10;Chapter 7 Simple Nonlinear and Self-Excited Oscillators;476
10.1;7.1 Introduction;476
10.2;7.2 Nonlinear Oscillators;479
10.2.1;7.2.1 Undamped Free Nonlinear Oscillators;479
10.2.2;7.2.2 Forced Vibrations with Harmonic Excitation;482
10.2.3;7.2.3 Examples;487
10.2.4;7.2.4 Problems P7.1 to P7.2;499
10.2.5;7.2.5 Solutions S7.1 and S7.2;500
10.3;7.3 Self-Excited Oscillators;501
10.3.1;7.3.1 General Perspective;501
10.3.2;7.3.2 Examples;502
10.3.3;7.3.3 Problems P7.3 and P7.4;511
10.3.4;7.3.4 Solutions S7.3 and S7.4;513
11;Chapter 8 Rules for Dynamically Favorable Designs;516
12;Chapter 9 Relations to System Dynamics and Mechatronics;522
12.1;9.1 Introduction;522
12.2;9.2 Closed-Loop Controlled Systems;525
12.2.1;9.2.1 General Perspective;525
12.2.2;9.2.2 Example: Influencing Frame Vibrations by a Controller;527
13;Symbols;535
14;References;540
15;Index;542