Dummer / Griffin / Fry Environmental Testing Techniques for Electronics and Materials

International Series of Monographs on Electronics and Instrumentation
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-3591-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 454 Seiten, Web PDF

Environmental Testing Techniques for Electronics and Materials reviews environmental testing techniques for evaluating the performance of electronic equipment, components, and materials. Environmental test planning, test methods, and instrumentation are described, along with the general environmental conditions under which equipment must operate. This book is comprised of 15 chapters and begins by explaining why environmental testing is necessary and describing the environment in which electronics must operate. The next chapter considers how an environmental test plan is designed; the methods for the environmental testing of components and materials; instrumentation and control of test chambers; shock and vibration test instrumentation; and requirements for specification writing. The reader is then introduced to factors that might affect the reliability of equipment, including high humidity environment; galvanic corrosion problems; high- and low-temperature environments; mechanical and associated hazards; transport hazards; and long-term storage. Problems posed by high altitude and space environments, nuclear radiation, and acoustic noise are also discussed. The final chapter is devoted to environmental protection techniques and looks at the effects of climatic environments on radio interference as well as the effects of the environment on the human operator. This monograph will be of value to materials scientists and electronics engineers as well as those engaged in the design, development, and production of professional and military equipment.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dummer, Geoffrey W. A.

Griffin, Norman B.

Fry, D. W.

Higinbotham, W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Fornt Cover;1
2;Environmental Testing Techniques for Electronics and Materials;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;10
7;CHAPTER 1. THE NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING;12
7.1;NATURAL ENVIRONMENT;12
7.2;TOMORROW'S ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES;13
7.3;EXAMPLES OF THE NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING;14
7.4;THE ROLE OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL TEST DEPARTMENT;15
8;CHAPTER 2. GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS;20
8.1;CLIMATIC CONDITIONS;20
8.2;ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES;28
9;CHAPTER 3. TEST PLANNING, TEST METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION;32
9.1;DESIGNING AN ENVIRONMENTAL TEST PLAN;32
9.2;SOME INEXPENSIVE METHODS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL TESTINGOF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS;42
9.3;BASIC INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL FOR THEENVIRONMENTAL TEST CHAMBERS;50
9.4;SHOCK AND VIBRATION TEST INSTRUMENTATION;59
9.5;REQUIREMENTS FOR SPECIFICATION WRITING;69
10;CHAPTER 4. HIGH HUMIDITY ENVIRONMENT;75
10.1;THE PROBLEMS OF THE HUMIDITY ENVIRONMENT;75
10.2;HUMIDITY TESTING;88
10.3;A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NATURAL AND SYNTHETICTROPICAL TESTING OF MILITARY ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS;92
10.4;COMPOSITION OF THE WATER USED IN HUMIDITY AND TROPICALEXPOSURE CHAMBERS;97
10.5;A DEVICE FOR PERMEABILITY RATE MEASUREMENT;100
10.6;DYNAMIC DEHUMIDIFICATION;108
10.7;EVALUATION OF PLASTICS IN HIGH TEMPERATURESAND HUMIDITY;113
10.8;DESIGN OF A 500 FT3 TROPICAL TEST CHAMBER;118
11;CHAPTER 5. GALVANIC CORROSION PROBLEMS;130
11.1;GALVANIC CORROSION IN COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENTS;130
11.2;DESIGN OF FACILITIES FOR THE SALT SPRAY CORROSION TEST;133
12;CHAPTER 6. HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS;137
12.1;AIR TEMPERATURE AND SOLAR RADIATION EFFECTS IN RELATION TO RADAR EQUIPMENT;138
12.2;EFFECTS ON EQUIPMENT;141
12.3;ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES;143
12.4;ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING OF GEARS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES;146
12.5;TEMPERATURE MEASURING TECHNIQUES;151
12.6;TEMPERATURE INDICATING DEVICES;152
12.7;THERMISTORS;155
12.8;DESIGN OF HIGH TEMPERATURE TEST CHAMBERS;158
12.9;A CHAMBER FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN THERMAL TOLERANCE;162
12.10;LABORATORY SIMULATION OF SOLAR RADIATION;167
12.11;SIMULATION OF AERODYNAMIC HEATING BY PYROTECHNICS;174
12.12;INCORPORATION OF COOLING AIR INTO A CLIMATIC CHAMBER FOR SIMULATION OF AN AIRCRAFT FLIGHT PROFILE;176
13;CHAPTER 7. LOW TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS;184
13.1;EFFECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURE;185
13.2;THE DESIGN OF LOW TEMPERATURE TEST CHAMBERS;187
13.3;Low TEMPERATURE CONTROL BY A THERMISTOR;193
13.4;TESTING OF PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS IN LOW TEMPERATUREENVIRONMENTS;198
14;CHAPTER 8. MECHANICAL AND ASSOCIATED HAZARDS AND 189THEIR EFFECTS;204
14.1;SHOCK;204
14.2;VIBRATION;207
14.3;MECHANICAL DESIGN OF EQUIPMENTS;209
14.4;DESIGN OF A 500 LB 10-120 c/s VIBRATION MACHINE;217
14.5;RANDOM VIBRATION TESTING;226
14.6;COMBINED ENVIRONMENTS TESTING;233
14.7;A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO COMBINED VIBRATION ANDSUSTAINED ACCELERATION;237
14.8;SELECTION OF COMPONENTS BY VIBRATION TESTING;244
14.9;THE AIR SHOCK TUBE AS A SHOCK TESTING FACILITY;247
14.10;MISSILE EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENT TESTINGON ROCKET SLEDS;252
14.11;VIBRATION AND SHOCK PEAK READING METER;255
14.12;MECHANICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLDERED JOINTS;258
15;CHAPTER 9. TRANSPORT HAZARDS AND PACKAGING TECHNIQUES;261
15.1;ASSESSMENT OF EQUIPMENT FRAGILITY;262
15.2;SHOCK ABSORPTION BY TORSION BAR CUSHIONING UNITS;267
15.3;TRANSIT SHOCK RECORDER;272
15.4;EVALUATION OF PACKAGING TESTING SYSTEMS;277
15.5;DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR DROP TEST EQUIPMENT;279
15.6;IMPACT TESTING MACHINES;283
15.7;CALIBRATION OF IMPACT TESTING EQUIPMENT;294
15.8;PACKAGING MATERIALS;296
15.9;MEASUREMENT OF THE DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OFPACKAGING MATERIALS;299
15.10;THE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF CERTAIN CUSHIONING MATERIALSAT TEMPERATURES DOWN TO — 50 °C;311
16;CHAPTER 10. LONG TERM STORAGE;319
16.1;EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF STORAGE ENVIRONMENTSON EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY;319
16.2;THE EFFECT OF STORAGE ON CUSHIONING MATERIALS;325
16.3;CONTROLLED VENTING OF CONTAINERS;328
16.4;BREATHING TUBE DESICCATORS;332
17;CHAPTER 11. HIGH ALTITUDE AND SPACE ENVIRONMENTS;335
17.1;CONSIDERATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTS;335
17.2;ARCING AT HIGH ALTITUDES;340
17.3;ANALYSIS AND ELIMINATION OF CORONA EFFECTS;344
17.4;LEAK DETECTION USING RADIOACTIVE GAS;347
17.5;MEASUREMENT OF GAS PRESSURE WITH AMERCURY SWITCH;352
17.6;SIMULATION OF SPACE ENVIRONMENTS;354
17.7;THE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT IN SPACE;358
17.8;THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN SPACE;362
17.9;ORBITAL SIMULATIONS;371
17.10;SIMULATING THE THERMAL-VACUUM ENVIRONMENT OF A SATELLITE;373
17.11;ENVIRONMENTAL TEST SPECIFICATION FOR SATELLITES;377
17.12;INFLUENCE OF ULTRA-VIOLET AND VACUUM ENVIRONMENTS ONSTRUCTURAL PLASTICS;379
18;CHAPTER 12. NUCLEAR RADIATION ENVIRONMENTS;384
18.1;EFFECTS OF A NUCLEAR RADIATION ENVIRONMENT ONELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS;384
18.2;TRANSIENT RADIATION—EFFECTS AND TESTS;388
19;CHAPTER 13. ACOUSTIC NOISE ENVIRONMENTS;394
19.1;ACOUSTIC WIDE-BAND GENERATOR;394
19.2;RANDOM-NOISE TESTING OF AIRCRAFT AND MISSILEEQUIPMENT WITH THE AID OF AN AIR JET;399
19.3;EFFECTS OF ACOUSTIC NOISE ON COMPONENTS;402
20;CHAPTER 14. MATERIALS UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES;408
20.1;CONTACT MATERIALS;408
20.2;CERTAIN EFFECTS OF MATERIALS;413
20.3;THE EFFECTS OF LEACHING, AND SILICONES, ON THE SURFACECONDUCTIVITIES OF SEALING GLASSES;415
20.4;SOLDERS;419
20.5;SOLDERED JOINTS IN ALUMINIUM—MECHANISM OF CORROSION;422
21;CHAPTER 15. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNIQUES;424
21.1;THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENTS ON RADIO-FREQUENCYINTERFERENCE;427
21.2;EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE HUMAN OPERATOR;432
22;ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY;440
22.1;1. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS;440
22.2;2. ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING;441
22.3;3. ENVIRONMENTAL TEST EQUIPMENT DESIGN;443
22.4;4. INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASURING TECHNIQUES;443
22.5;5. VIBRATION AND SHOCK;445
22.6;6. ACOUSTIC NOISE;448
22.7;7. EQUIPMENT EVALUATION;449
22.8;10. CORROSION;455
22.9;11. MAINTENANCE;456
22.10;12. PACKAGING AND PROTECTION;457
22.11;13. HUMAN ENGINEERING;459
22.12;14. RELIABILITY ENGINEERING;462
22.13;15. SPACE TECHNOLOGY;464
23;INDEX;469