Duncan / Kerkut The Molecular Properties and Evolution of Excitable Cells

International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Biology
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5028-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 268 Seiten, Web PDF

The Molecular Properties and Evolution of Excitable Cells describes the theoretical aspects in which excitable cells, such as nerves, muscles, and sense organs, operate. This book develops a hypothesis regarding the evolution and characteristics of excitable cells. This monograph focuses on the properties of the bounding membrane and its complex permeability system, which starts the excitation state. Sense organs, as the input component in both vertebrates and invertebrates, are then discussed. The text then briefly describes the ways that the ionic permeability of the excitable membrane can both be modified and controlled. The book points out that since ions pass through standard sizes of the pores in an excitable membrane, their passage is determined by the dimensions of the pore and by the existing charge found on its walls. The book then explains the application of a mechanical stimulus to a mechanoreceptor that will cause deformations in the membrane. This deformation leads to enzyme activity and produces alteration in the rate at which ATP is supplied to the lateral borders of the cell. The text discusses a hypothesis that invokes enzyme activity by propagating action potential along the axon, and other input systems, such as adrenaline, amino acids, and y-amino-butyric acid (GABA). The book also explains the hypothesis that living organisms are composed of an ordered system of protein-enzymes forming on phospholipid-protein membranes. This monograph will benefit microbiologists, biotechnologists, and academicians connected with the biological sciences.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Duncan, C. J.

Kerkut, G. A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;The Molecular Properties and Evolution of Excitable Cells;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;PREFACE;12
7;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION;14
7.1;1. THE ORGANIZATION OF EXCITABLE CELLS;17
8;CHAPTER 2. A MODEL FOR EXCITABLE CELLS;21
8.1;Summary;24
9;CHAPTER 3. THE INPUT COMPONENT:SENSE ORGANS;26
9.1;1. Mechanoreceptors;34
9.2;2. Evidence for the enzymatic transducer mechanism of sense organs;39
9.3;3. Enzyme systems involved at sense organs;56
9.4;Summary;62
10;CHAPTER 4. THE CONTROL OF CATION-PERMEABILITY AT INPUT COMPONENTS;63
10.1;1. Properties of membrane ATPases;63
10.2;2. Mechanoenzyme system of the mitochondrial membrane;69
10.3;3. Selective permeability systems;74
10.4;4. Hypothesis for the control of membrane permeability;78
10.5;5. The action of thyroxine;87
10.6;Summary;88
11;CHAPTER 5. THE TRANSDUCER MECHANISMS OF SPECIALIZED SENSORY RECEPTORS;90
11.1;1. Chemoreceptors;90
11.2;2. Thermoreceptors;102
11.3;3. Visual receptors;104
11.4;Summary;114
12;CHAPTER 6. THE INPUT COMPONENT:THE POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE;116
12.1;1. Transmission at cholinergic synapses;116
12.2;2. Evidence for the enzymatic transducer mechanismof the postsynaptic membrane;120
12.3;Tetanus toxin and the neurotropic agentof snake venom;122
12.4;Summary;123
13;CHAPTER 7. CHOLINESTERASES;125
13.1;1. Acetylcholine sensitivity;125
13.2;2. Properties and distribution of cholinesterases;127
13.3;3. Action of Cholinesterase inhibitors;129
13.4;4. Cholinesterase and the permeability system;133
13.5;5. The transdu cer mechanism at cholinergic membranes;135
13.6;Summary;137
14;CHAPTER 8. OTHER INPUT SYSTEMS;138
14.1;1. Adrenaline;138
14.2;2. Amino acids;141
14.3;3. .-amino-butyric acid (GABA);143
14.4;4. Inhibitory synapses;144
14.5;Summary;147
15;CHAPTER 9. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE INPUT AND CONDUCTILE COMPONENTS;148
15.1;Summary;151
16;CHAPTER 10. SODIUM PERMEABILITY AND THE EXCITATION OF THE CONDUCTILE AXON;152
16.1;1. Properties of the cation-permeability system of the axon;152
16.2;2. Excitation of the axon;156
16.3;3. The erythrocyte as a model for the excitable membrane;163
16.4;Summary;166
17;CHAPTER 11. THE OUTPUT COMPONENT:RELEASE OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMITTERS;168
17.1;1. Miniature endplate potentials;168
17.2;2. Relation between spontaneous and synchronized release of transmitter;170
17.3;3. The effect of temperature and pH;171
17.4;4. The effect of divalent cations;173
17.5;5. Release of adrenergic transmitters;175
17.6;6. The release mechanism;178
17.7;Summary;180
18;CHAPTER 12. FEEDBACK AT OUTPUT COMPONENTS;182
18.1;Summary;186
19;CHAPTER 13. NISSL SUBSTANCE-AND MEMORY?;187
19.1;1. Nissl substance and RNA;187
19.2;2. RNA and memory;188
19.3;3. Hypotheses for the incorporation of a memory trace within the RNA molecule;194
19.4;4. Phosphoprotein turnover and memory;195
19.5;Summary;199
20;CHAPTER 14. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;200
21;REFERENCES;208
22;ADDENDUM;236
22.1;1. Contractile proteins in the excitable membrane;236
22.2;2. The control of cation-permeability;237
22.3;3. The ATPases of other membrane systems;238
22.4;4. Sense organs;240
22.5;5. The output component;243
22.6;6. Memory and RNA;245
23;REFERENCES FOR ADDENDUM;247
24;AUTHOR INDEX;252
25;SUBJECT INDEX;258
26;OTHER TITLES IN THE ZOOLOGY DIVISION;268
27;OTHER DIVISIONS IN THE SERIES IN PURE AND APPLIED BIOLOGY;269