Dyke / Shaw / Bach Pro Oracle Database 11g RAC on Linux

2. ed
ISBN: 978-1-4302-2959-9
Verlag: Apress
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 840 Seiten

Pro Oracle Database 11g RAC on Linux provides full-life-cycle guidance on implementing Oracle Real Application Clusters in a Linux environment. Real Application Clusters, commonly abbreviated as RAC, is Oracle's industry-leading architecture for scalable and fault-tolerant databases. RAC allows you to scale up and down by simply adding and subtracting inexpensive Linux servers. Redundancy provided by those multiple, inexpensive servers is the basis for the failover and other fault-tolerance features that RAC provides.Written by authors well-known for their talent with RAC, Pro Oracle Database 11g RAC on Linux gives you a rock-solid and technically flawless foundation on which to build your RAC-management skills. Authors Julian Dyke and Steve Shaw share their hard-won experience in building RAC clusters, showing you how to build for success using the very latest Oracle technologies, such as Automatic Storage Management (ASM) and Oracle Clusterware. You'll learn to troubleshoot performance and other problems. You'll even learn how to correctly deploy RAC in a virtual-machine environment based upon Oracle VM, which is the only virtualization solution supported by Oracle Corporation.RAC is a complex and powerful technology. It demands expertise in its deployment. You can't just 'wing it' in creating a RAC solution. Julian and Steve have earned the right to term themselves expert-in Pro Oracle Database 11g RAC on Linux, they offer a rigorous and technically-correct treatment of RAC that helps you build a solid foundation of expertise and achieve success. Rigorous and technically accurate content Complete coverage of RAC, from planning to implementation to rollout to ongoing maintenance and troubleshooting Up-to-date with the very latest RAC features

Julian Dyke is an independent consultant specializing in Oracle Database technology. He has over 20 years of database experience, including more than 15 years as an Oracle database administrator, developer, and consultant. He is chair of the U.K. Oracle User Group Real Application Clusters Special Interest Group (UKOUG RAC SIG) and a member of the OakTable Network. He regularly presents at conferences, seminars, and usergroup meetings in the U.K., Europe, and the U.S. He also maintains www.juliandyke.com, which specializes in Oracle diagnostics, optimization, and internals. He is an Oracle Certified Professional and holds a bachelor of science degree in computation from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), U.K.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dyke, Julian

Shaw, Steve

Bach, Martin

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title page ;1
2;Copyright page ;2
3;Contents at a Glance;3
4;Table of contents ;4
5;About the Author;21
6;About the Technical Reviewer;22
7;Acknowledgments;23
8;CHAPTER 1 Introduction;24
8.1;Introducing Oracle Real Application Clusters;24
8.2;Examining the RAC Architecture;26
8.3;Deploying RAC;27
8.3.1;Maintaining High Availability;28
8.3.1.1;Providing Fault Tolerance by Redundancy;28
8.3.1.2;Making Failover Seamless;28
8.3.1.3;Putting the Technology Stack in Perspective;29
8.3.2;Defining Scalability;29
8.3.2.1;Scoping Various Levels of Scalability;29
8.3.3;Scaling Vertically vs. Horizontally;30
8.3.4;Increasing Manageability;31
8.3.4.1;Achieving Manageability Through Consolidation;31
8.3.4.2;Enabling Database Consolidation;32
8.3.4.3;Consolidating Servers;33
8.3.5;Assessing the Cost of Ownership;33
8.3.5.1;Choosing RAC vs. SMP;33
8.3.5.2;Evaluating Service-Level Agreements;34
8.3.5.3;Improving Database Management;34
8.3.5.4;Factoring in the Additional Hardware Cost;34
8.3.5.5;Assessing the Staff and Training Cost;36
8.4;Clustering with Oracle on Linux;36
8.5;Running Linux on Oracle;39
8.5.1;Understanding the Role of Unix;39
8.5.2;Liberating Software;40
8.5.3;Developing Linux;41
8.5.4;Expanding the Concept of Free with Open Source;42
8.6;Combining Oracle, Open Source, and Linux;43
8.6.1;Drilling Down on Unbreakable Linux;44
8.6.2;Creating and Growing Red Hat Enterprise Linux;45
8.6.3;Extending Red Hat with Oracle Enterprise Linux;46
8.6.4;Drilling Down on SuSE Linux Enterprise Server;47
8.6.5;Taking Linux to Asia;48
8.7;Summary;48
9;CHAPTER 2 RAC Concepts;49
9.1;Clustering Concepts;49
9.1.1;Configuring Active/active Clusters;49
9.1.2;Implementing Active/passive Clusters;50
9.1.3;Configuring a Shared-All Architecture;50
9.1.4;Configuring a Shared-Nothing Architecture;51
9.2;Exploring the Main RAC Concepts;51
9.2.1;Working with Cluster Nodes;51
9.2.2;Leveraging the Interconnect;52
9.2.2.1;Using an Ethernet-based Interconnect;52
9.2.2.2;Implementing an Infiniband-based Interconnect;53
9.2.3;Clusterware/Grid Infrastructure;53
9.2.3.1;Planning a RAC Installation;55
9.2.3.2;Choosing a Process Structure;56
9.2.3.3;Configuring Network Components;59
9.2.3.4;Setting up Shared Grid Infrastructure Components;60
9.2.3.5;Implementing the Oracle Cluster Registry and Oracle Local Registry;60
9.2.3.6;Configuring Voting Disks;61
9.2.4;Leveraging Automatic Storage Management;61
9.2.4.1;Working with ASM Disks;63
9.2.4.2;Exploiting ASM Disk Groups;65
9.2.4.3;Configuring Failure Groups;65
9.2.4.4;Weighing Your ASM Installation and Administration Options;65
9.2.5;Installing Real Application Clusters;66
9.2.5.1;Sorting Through Your Installation Options;66
9.2.5.2;Choosing Between a Single Instance and a RAC Database;67
9.2.5.3;Working with Database Files;67
9.2.5.4;Leveraging Online Redo Logs and Archiving;68
9.2.5.5;Managing Undo Tablespaces;69
9.2.5.6;Weighing Storage Options for RAC Databases;69
9.2.5.7;Drilling Down on a RAC Database Instance;70
9.2.5.8;Storing Information in Control Files;67
9.2.6;Using the Global Resource Directory (GRD);71
9.2.6.1;Maintaining Cache Coherence with Global Cache Services (GCS);72
9.2.6.2;Managing Global Enqueues with Global Enqueue Services (GES);72
9.2.7;Transferring Data Between Instances with Cache Fusion;73
9.2.8;Achieving Read Consistency;74
9.2.9;Synchronizing System Change Numbers;74
9.3;Exploring the New Features of 11g Release 2;74
9.3.1;Leveraging Grid Plug and Play;75
9.3.2;Modeling Resources with Server Pools;77
9.3.3;Ensuring POSIX Compliance with ACFS;78
9.3.4;Using Oracle Restart Instead of RAC;79
9.3.5;Simplifying Clusterd Database Access with SCAN Listener;81
9.4;Summary;82
10;CHAPTER 3 RAC Architecture;84
10.1;Availability Considerations;84
10.1.1;Deciding the Number of Nodes;86
10.1.1.1;Two-Node RAC Clusters;87
10.1.1.2;Oracle RAC One Node;87
10.1.1.3;Multi-Node RAC Systems;88
10.1.2;Online Maintenance and Patching;88
10.1.2.1;Patching Real Application Clusters Using opatch;90
10.1.2.2;Opatch Operation Modes;92
10.1.2.3;All Node Patch Mode;92
10.1.2.4;Rolling Patch Mode;92
10.1.2.5;Minimum Downtime Patch Mode;93
10.1.2.6;Local Patch Mode;93
10.1.3;Instance Recovery in RAC;93
10.1.3.1;Enqueue Remastering;94
10.1.3.2;Database Recovery;94
10.2;Failover Considerations;95
10.2.1;Transparent Application Failover;96
10.2.1.1;Failover Modes;96
10.2.1.2;Failover Methods;97
10.2.2;Fast Connection Failover and Fast Application Notification;97
10.3;Scalability Considerations;98
10.3.1;Scalability Enhancers;99
10.3.2;Scalability Inhibitors;100
10.4;Standby Databases;102
10.4.1;Introduction to Oracle Standby Databases;103
10.4.2;Types of Standby Database;104
10.4.2.1;Physical Standby Database;105
10.4.2.2;Snapshot Standby Database;105
10.4.2.3;Logical Standby Database;105
10.4.2.4;Transient Logical Standby Database;106
10.4.3;Active Data Guard;106
10.4.3.1;Role Transitions;107
10.4.3.2;Data Protection Modes;109
10.4.3.3;The Data Guard Broker;109
10.4.4;Extended Distance Clusters;111
10.5;Oracle Streams;112
10.5.1;Streams Processing;113
10.5.2;Oracle Streams Prerequisites;114
10.6;Cluster Topologies;115
10.7;Summary;116
11;CHAPTER 4 Hardware;117
11.1;Oracle Availability;118
11.2;Server Processor Architecture;119
11.2.1;x86 Processor Fundamentals;119
11.2.1.1;x86-64;122
11.2.2;Multicore Processors and Hyper-Threading;123
11.2.3;CPU Cache;126
11.2.4;CPU Power Management;128
11.2.5;Virtualization;130
11.3;Memory;131
11.3.1;Virtual Memory;131
11.3.2;Physical Memory;132
11.3.3;NUMA;135
11.3.4;Memory Reliability;144
11.4;Additional Platform Features;144
11.4.1;Onboard RAID Storage;145
11.4.2;Machine Check Architectures;145
11.4.3;Remote Server Management and IPMI;146
11.5;Network Interconnect Technologies;146
11.5.1;Server I/O;147
11.5.1.1;PCI;147
11.5.1.2;PCI-X;148
11.5.1.3;PCI-Express;148
11.5.2;Private Interconnect;150
11.5.2.1;Standard Ethernet Interconnects;150
11.5.2.2;Fully Redundant Ethernet Interconnects;151
11.5.2.3;Infiniband;154
11.5.2.4;Private Interconnect Selection Summary;155
11.6;Storage Technologies;155
11.6.1;RAC I/O Characteristics;156
11.6.1.1;Read Activity;156
11.6.1.2;Write Activity;157
11.6.1.3;Asynchronous I/O and Direct I/O;160
11.6.2;Hard Disk and Solid State Disk Drive Performance;162
11.6.3;RAID;166
11.6.3.1;RAID 0 Striping;167
11.6.3.2;RAID 1 Mirroring;168
11.6.3.3;RAID 10 Striped Mirrors;168
11.6.3.4;RAID 0+1 Mirrored Stripes;169
11.6.3.5;RAID 5;170
11.6.3.6;Storage Cache;171
11.6.3.7;RAID Summary;172
11.6.4;Storage Protocols for Linux;172
11.6.4.1;SCSI;173
11.6.4.2;Fibre Channel and FCoE;176
11.6.4.3;iSCSI;177
11.6.4.4;SATA;178
11.6.4.5;Using Block-Based Storage;179
11.6.4.6;Linux I/O Scheduling;179
11.6.4.7;NFS and NAS;181
11.6.4.8;Evaluating Storage Performance;181
11.7;Summary;183
12;CHAPTER 5 Virtualization;185
12.1;Virtualization Definition and Benefits;185
12.2;Oracle VM;188
12.2.1;Oracle VM Server Architecture;188
12.2.1.1;Paravirtualization;189
12.2.1.2;Full Virtualization;192
12.2.2;Oracle VM Design;194
12.3;Oracle VM Server Installation;198
12.4;Oracle VM Manager Installation;203
12.5;Oracle VM CLI Installation and Configuration;206
12.6;Configuring Oracle VM;207
12.6.1;Network Configuration;207
12.6.2;Server Pool Configuration;212
12.6.2.1;Enabling High Availability;215
12.6.2.2;Configuring Shared Storage;215
12.6.2.3;Cluster Configuration;217
12.7;Installing and Configuring Guests;228
12.7.1;Importing a Template;229
12.7.2;Creating a Guest from a Template;230
12.7.3;Accessing a Guest;232
12.7.4;Configuring a Guest for RAC;234
12.8;Managing Domains;236
12.8.1;Oracle VM Agent;236
12.8.2;Oracle VM Manager;238
12.8.3;Oracle VM Manager CLI;240
12.8.4;The xm Command-Line Interface;242
12.8.4.1;Displaying Information;242
12.8.4.2;Managing Domains;245
12.8.4.3;Managing Resources;247
12.9;Summary;250
13;CHAPTER 6 Linux Installationand Configuration;251
13.1;Selecting the Right Linux Software;251
13.2;Reviewing the Hardware Requirements;252
13.3;Drilling Down on Networking Requirements;253
13.3.1;Configuring a GNS or a Manual IP;253
13.3.2;Configuring DNS and DHCP;256
13.4;Downloading the Linux Software;263
13.5;Preparing for a Network Install;263
13.6;Installing Oracle Enterprise Linux 5;267
13.6.1;Starting the Installation;267
13.6.2;Installation Media Check;267
13.6.3;Anaconda Installation;267
13.6.4;Install or Upgrade;268
13.6.5;Disk Partitioning;268
13.6.5.1;Creating a Default Partitioning Scheme;268
13.6.5.2;Creating a Partition Manually;271
13.6.5.3;Creating an MBR Partition;271
13.6.5.4;Creating an EFI Partition;272
13.6.5.5;Customized Partitioning;272
13.6.5.6;Configuring Swap Space;273
13.6.5.7;Configuring RAID;274
13.6.6;Configuring the Boot Loader and Network;279
13.6.7;Selecting a Time Zone;280
13.6.8;Configuring the Root Password;281
13.6.9;Reviewing the Package Installation Defaults;281
13.6.10;Selecting a Package Group;281
13.6.11;Installing Packages;283
13.6.12;Setting the Final Configuration;283
13.6.13;Accepting the License Agreement;283
13.6.14;Configuring the Firewall;283
13.6.15;Configuring SELinux;283
13.6.16;Enabling kdump;284
13.6.17;Setting the Date and Time;284
13.6.18;Creating a User;285
13.6.19;Installing Additional CDs;285
13.7;Configuring Oracle Enterprise Linux 5;285
13.7.1;Configuring a Server with the Oracle Validated RPM;286
13.7.1.1;Configuring YUM;286
13.7.1.2;Running the Oracle Validated RPM;287
13.7.1.3;Using the up2date Command;289
13.7.2;Verifying the Oracle Validated RPM Actions;290
13.7.2.1;Creating the Oracle User and Groups;290
13.7.2.2;Configuring Kernel Parameters;292
13.7.2.3;Working with Shared Memory;293
13.7.2.4;Using Semaphores;295
13.7.2.5;Setting Network Parameters;296
13.7.2.6;Message Queues;297
13.7.2.7;Setting the Number of Open Files;297
13.7.2.8;Configuring Asynchronous I/O;299
13.7.2.9;Using Magic SysRq Keys;299
13.7.2.10;Setting PAM Limits;300
13.7.2.11;Setting Kernel Boot Parameters;301
13.7.2.12;Setting Kernel Module Parameters;302
13.7.3;Post Oracle Validated RPM Configuration;302
13.7.3.1;Setting the Huge Pages Kernel Parameter;302
13.7.3.2;I/O Fencing and the Hangcheck-Timer Kernel Module;304
13.7.3.3;Configuring the oracle user;305
13.7.3.4;Creating the Oracle Software Directories;305
13.7.3.5;Setting Environment Variables;306
13.7.3.6;Putting Environment Variables to Work;311
13.7.4;Completing the Linux Configuration for RAC;312
13.7.4.1;Configuring Hostnames and Name Resolution;312
13.7.4.2;Using NTP;313
13.7.4.3;Configuring Secure Shell;315
13.7.5;Configuring Shared Storage;318
13.7.6;Discovering and Configuring SAN Disk;319
13.7.6.1;Partitioning Disks;320
13.7.6.2;I/O Multipathing with Device-Mapper;324
13.7.6.3;Preparing the Partitions for ASM with ASMLIB;328
13.7.6.4;Preparing the Partitions for ASM with udev;329
13.7.7;Network Channel Bonding;333
13.7.8;I/O Fencing with IPMI;337
13.8;Summary;342
14;CHAPTER 7 Grid Infrastructure Installation;343
14.1;Getting Ready for Installation;343
14.1.1;Obtain Software Distribution;343
14.1.2;Configure X Environment;344
14.1.2.1;Checking Prerequisites;344
14.1.2.2;Starting an X environment in a console window;344
14.1.2.3;Starting an X environment using VNC;345
14.1.3;Determining Configuration Type;347
14.2;Advanced Installation - Manual Configuration;347
14.2.1;Network Configuration;348
14.2.2;DNS Configuration;349
14.2.3;Choosing an Installation Option;350
14.2.4;Selecting an Advanced or Typical Installation Type;352
14.2.5;Selecting a Language;353
14.2.6;Configuring the Grid Plug and Play;354
14.2.7;Configuring the Cluster Node Information Page;356
14.2.8;Configuring the Network Interface Usage Page;357
14.2.9;Configuring the Storage Option Information Page;358
14.2.10;Creating an ASM Disk Group;360
14.2.11;Specifying an ASM Password;361
14.2.12;Specifying a Username and Password for IPMI;362
14.2.13;Configuring Privileged Operating System Groups;362
14.2.14;Setting the Installation Location;364
14.2.15;Specify the Central Inventory’s Location;365
14.2.16;Performing Prerequisite Checks;365
14.2.16.1;Identifying Typical Errors;366
14.2.16.2;Getting More Detail;367
14.2.16.3;Fixup Scripts;368
14.2.16.4;Anatomy of Fixup Scripts;369
14.2.16.5;Addressing Failed Checks;370
14.2.17;Reviewing the Summary Page;371
14.2.18;Setup Page;372
14.2.19;Reviewing Execute Configuration Scripts;372
14.2.19.1;Execution Order;373
14.2.19.2;Running the orainstRoot.sh Script;374
14.2.19.3;Executing the root.sh script;374
14.2.20;Monitoring Configuration Assistants;379
14.3;Implementing an Advanced Installation for Automatic Configuration;380
14.3.1;Configuring a Network Configuration;380
14.3.2;Configuring DNS;382
14.3.3;Configuring DHCP;383
14.3.4;Setting up the Grid Plug and Play Information Page;384
14.3.5;Configuring the Cluster Node Information Page;385
14.3.6;The Summary Page;386
14.4;Typical Installation;387
14.4.1;Choosing the Installation Type;387
14.4.2;Specifying the Cluster Configuration Page;388
14.4.3;Install Locations Page;389
14.4.4;Reviewing the Summary Page for a Typical Installation;390
14.5;Installing a Standalone Server;391
14.5.1;Selecting an Installation Option;392
14.5.2;Creating an ASM Disk Group Page;393
14.5.3;Reviewing the Summary Page for a Standalone Installation;393
14.5.4;Configuring the Execute Configuration Scripts;395
14.6;Deinstalling the Grid Infrastructure Software;396
14.7;Summary;397
15;CHAPTER 8 Clusterware;398
15.1;Introducing Clusterware;398
15.2;Examining the Hardware and Software Requirements;399
15.3;Using Shared Storage with Oracle Clusterware;400
15.3.1;Storing Cluster Information with the Oracle Cluster Registry;400
15.3.2;Storing Information in the Oracle Local Registry;401
15.3.3;Fencing with the Voting Disk;401
15.3.4;Recording Information with the Grid Plug and Play Profile;402
15.4;Using Background Processes;403
15.4.1;Grid Infrastructure Software Stacks;403
15.4.2;Drilling Down on the High Availability Stack;404
15.4.3;Drilling Down on the Cluster Ready Services Stack;405
15.4.4;Using Grid Infrastructure Agents;407
15.4.5;Initiating the Startup Sequence;408
15.5;Managing Oracle Clusterware;410
15.5.1;Using the Enterprise Manager;411
15.5.2;Using the Clusterware Control Utility;411
15.5.3;Managing Resources with srvctl;414
15.5.4;Verifying the Cluster with the CVU;415
15.5.5;Configuring Network Interfaces with oifcfg;419
15.5.6;Administering the OCR and OLR with ocrconfig;419
15.5.7;Checking the State of the OCR and its Mirrors with ocrcheck;419
15.5.8;Dumping Contents of the OCR with ocrdump;419
15.6;Defining Server-Side Callouts;420
15.7;Protecting Applications with Clusterware;422
15.7.1;Managing Resource Profiles;422
15.7.2;Configuring Active/Passive Clustering for Oracle Database;423
15.7.3;Configuring Active/Passive Clustering for Apache Tomcat;428
15.8;Using Oracle Restart;432
15.9;Troubleshooting;434
15.9.1;Resolving Startup Issues;434
15.9.1.1;Failing to Start OHAS;435
15.9.1.2;Failing to Start Agents Created by OHAS;437
15.9.1.3;Failing to Start the Cluster Synchronization Services Daemon;438
15.9.1.4;Failing to Start the Cluster Ready Services Daemon;439
15.9.1.5;Failing to Start the GPnP Daemon;440
15.9.1.6;Agents spawned by CRSD;440
15.9.2;Resolving Problems with Java Utilities;441
15.10;Patching Grid Infrastructure;441
15.11;Adding and Deleting Nodes;445
15.11.1;Adding Nodes;445
15.11.1.1;Checking the Prerequisites;446
15.11.1.2;Executing the addNode.sh Script;446
15.11.1.3;Finishing the Node Addition;448
15.11.1.4;Adding the RDBMS Software;450
15.11.2;Deleting Nodes;451
15.11.2.1;Removing the Clustered RDBMS Home;452
15.11.2.2;Removing the Node from the Cluster;454
15.11.2.3;Finishing the Node Removal;456
15.12;Exploring More Advanced Topics;456
15.12.1;Selecting non-Default Listener Ports;457
15.12.2;Selecting a non-Default SCAN Listener Endpoint;460
15.12.3;Changing the SCAN After Installation;461
15.12.4;Maintaining Voting Disks;462
15.12.4.1;Restoring Voting Disks;463
15.12.4.2;Moving Voting Disks into ASM;464
15.12.5;Maintaining Local and Cluster Registry;466
15.12.5.1;Dealing With a Corrupt or Inaccessible OLR;466
15.12.5.2;Dealing with a Corrupt or Inaccessible OCR;468
15.12.5.3;Moving the OCR into ASM;470
15.13;Summary;471
16;CHAPTER 9 Automatic Storage Management;473
16.1;Introducing ASM;473
16.1.1;ASM Terminology;474
16.1.2;Supported File Types;475
16.1.3;ASM Management;476
16.1.4;ASM and RDBMS Support;476
16.2;ASM Installation;477
16.3;ASM Components and Concepts;477
16.3.1;ASM Instances;477
16.3.1.1;Instance Names;478
16.3.1.2;SGA;478
16.3.1.3;Background Processes;479
16.3.1.4;Parameters;481
16.3.2;Failure Groups;482
16.3.3;ASM Files;483
16.3.3.1;Naming Files;483
16.3.3.2;Aliasing Files;484
16.3.3.3;Managing Control Files;484
16.3.3.4;Understanding Extents, Allocation Units, Types, and Templates;484
16.3.4;Redundancy;486
16.3.5;Striping;486
16.3.6;Mirroring;487
16.3.7;Intelligent Data Placement;487
16.3.8;Access Control;488
16.3.8.1;Understanding Access Privileges;488
16.3.8.2;Preparing the ASM Disk Group;489
16.3.8.3;Changing File Ownership and Permissions;491
16.4;Maintaining ASM;493
16.4.1;Creating an ASM Disk Group;493
16.4.2;Extending an ASM Disk Group;496
16.4.3;Dropping Disks from an ASM Disk Group;497
16.4.4;Enabling Disk Discovery;498
16.4.5;Understanding the ASM Header;498
16.4.6;Installing the Grid Infrastructure;499
16.4.7;Re-creating the ASM Disks;500
16.5;ASM Cluster File System;500
16.5.1;Creating and Mounting an ACFS Using ASMCA;502
16.5.2;Creating and Mounting an ACFS Using the Command Line;509
16.5.3;Maintaining the ACFS;512
16.5.4;Using ACFS with Oracle Restart;514
16.6;Administering ASM;514
16.6.1;Using SQL*Plus to Administer ASM;515
16.6.1.1;Setting the Environment;515
16.6.1.2;Determining the User and Privilege;515
16.6.1.3;Knowing Your Options;515
16.6.1.4;Dealing with Connected Clients;516
16.6.1.5;Checking for Corruption;517
16.6.1.6;Manually Mounting a Disk Group;517
16.6.1.7;Dropping a Disk Group;517
16.6.1.8;Creating ADVM Volumes;517
16.6.2;ASM Administration Using SRVCTL;517
16.6.3;Accessing Files in ASM;518
16.6.4;Using Files Instead of Devices;519
16.6.5;Virtualization and Shared Disks;520
16.7;Summary;521
17;CHAPTER 10 RDBMS Installationand Configuration;522
17.1;Installing the RAC Software;522
17.1.1;Start the Installer;522
17.1.2;Configuring the Security Updates Page;523
17.1.3;Configuring the Installation Options Page;523
17.1.4;Configuring the Node Selection Page;524
17.1.5;Configuring the Product Language Selection Page;525
17.1.6;Configuring the Database Editions Page;526
17.1.7;Configuring the Installation Locations Page;527
17.1.8;Configuring the Privileged Operating Systems Group Page;528
17.1.9;Configuring the Prerequisites Check Page;529
17.1.10;Reviewing the Summary Page;529
17.1.11;Executing Configuration Scripts;530
17.2;Using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA);531
17.2.1;Starting the DBCA and Choosing an Operation;531
17.2.1.1;Configuring the Welcome Page;531
17.2.1.2;Configuring the Operations Page;532
17.2.2;Creating a Database;533
17.2.2.1;Configuring the Database Templates Page;534
17.2.2.2;Configuring the Database Identification Page (Admin-Managed);535
17.2.2.3;Configuring the Database Identification Page (Policy-Managed);536
17.2.2.4;Management Options Page;538
17.2.2.5;Database Credentials Page;539
17.2.2.6;Database File Locations Page;540
17.2.2.7;Setting up the Recovery Configuration Page;541
17.2.2.8;Configuring the Database Content Page;542
17.2.2.9;Configuring the Standard Database Components Page;543
17.2.2.10;Configuring the Initializations Parameters Page;545
17.2.2.11;Configuring the Database Storage Page;549
17.2.2.12;Configuring the Creation Options Page;551
17.2.3;Reviewing the Summary Page;552
17.2.4;Configuring the Database Options;553
17.2.5;Deleting a Database;555
17.2.6;Managing Templates;556
17.3;Building Database Creation Scripts;556
17.3.1;Setting up Admin-Managed Database Scripts;557
17.3.1.1;Executing the ADMIN1.sh Script;558
17.3.1.2;Creating the ADMIN1.sql Script;559
17.3.1.3;Generating the init.ora File;561
17.3.1.4;Executing the CreateDB.sql Script;562
17.3.1.5;Executing the CreateDBFiles.sql Script;563
17.3.1.6;Executing the CreateDBCatalog.sql Script;564
17.3.1.7;Executing the JServer.sql Script;565
17.3.1.8;Executing the xdb_protocol.sql Script;565
17.3.1.9;Executing the ordinst.sql Script;565
17.3.1.10;Executing the intermedia.sql Script;566
17.3.1.11;Executing the emRepository.sql Script;566
17.3.1.12;Executing the apex.sql Script;566
17.3.1.13;Executing the CreateClustDBViews.sql Script;567
17.3.1.14;Executing the lockAccount.sql Script;567
17.3.1.15;Executing the postDBCreation.sql Script;567
17.3.2;Building Policy-Managed Database Scripts;569
17.3.2.1;Executing the POLICY_1.sh Script;570
17.3.2.2;Executing the POLICY_1.sql Script;570
17.3.2.3;Executing the init.ora File for a Policy-Managed Database;571
17.4;Deinstalling the RDBMS Software;572
17.5;Summary;574
18;CHAPTER 11 Workload Management;575
18.1;Introducing Services;575
18.1.1;Creating an Administrator Managed Database vs.Policy-Managed Database;576
18.1.2;Managing Services with the Database Scheduler;577
18.1.3;Using Services with Shared Server;579
18.2;Managing Services;580
18.2.1;Managing Services with SRVCTL;580
18.2.2;Managing Services with Enterprise Manager;585
18.2.3;Managing Services with DBMS_SERVICE;588
18.3;Balancing the Workload;588
18.3.1;Configuring Client-Side Load Balancing;589
18.3.2;Configuring Server-Side Load Balancing;590
18.3.3;Exploring the Load Advisory Framework;592
18.3.4;Using Transparent Application Failover;593
18.3.4.1;Configuring Transparent Application Failover;594
18.3.4.2;Using TAF with JDBC Applications;595
18.3.5;Implementing Fast Connection Failover;600
18.3.5.1;Implementing Fast Application Notification;600
18.3.5.2;Implementing a Fast Connection Failover Example;605
18.3.5.3;Establishing Connection Affinity;611
18.3.5.4;Reading FAN events using the FAN API;613
18.3.6;Using the Resource Manager;613
18.3.7;Caging an Instance;616
18.3.8;Database Resident Connection Pool;617
18.4;Summary;620
19;CHAPTER 12 Oracle Performance Monitoring;622
19.1;Enterprise Manager Database Control;623
19.1.1;The Cluster Tab;624
19.1.2;The Database Tab;626
19.1.3;The Performance Tab;626
19.2;AWR Reports;628
19.3;Interpreting the RAC Statistics of an AWR Report;632
19.3.1;Top 5 Timed Foreground Events;633
19.3.2;Global Cache Load Profile;634
19.3.3;Global Cache Efficiency Percentages;634
19.3.4;Global Cache and Enqueue Services - Workload Characteristics;634
19.3.5;Global Cache and Enqueue Services - Messaging Statistics;635
19.3.6;Cluster Interconnect;635
19.3.7;Foreground Wait Class;636
19.3.8;Wait Event Histogram;636
19.3.9;“SQL Statement” Sections;637
19.3.10;RAC-Related Segment Statistics;637
19.3.11;Dictionary Cache Stats (RAC);638
19.3.12;Library Cache Activity (RAC);638
19.3.13;Global Messaging Statistics;639
19.3.14;Global CR Served Statistics;639
19.3.15;Global Current Served Statistics;639
19.3.16;Global Cache Transfer Statistics;640
19.3.17;Interconnect Statistics;641
19.3.18;Dynamic Remastering Statistics;641
19.4;Active Session History;642
19.5;Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor;644
19.5.1;Executing an ADDM Report;644
19.5.2;Controlling ADDM;644
19.5.3;The Report Format;646
19.6;AWR SQL Report;646
19.7;Performance Monitoring Using SQL*Plus;647
19.7.1;GV$ Views;648
19.7.2;System Statistics;648
19.7.3;Segment Statistics;648
19.7.4;Global Caches Services: Consistent and Current Reads;650
19.7.5;Global Cache Services: Current Block Activity;652
19.7.6;Global Enqueue Service;655
19.7.7;Library Cache;656
19.7.8;Dictionary Cache;657
19.7.9;Lock Conversions;657
19.8;Automatic Diagnostic Repository;659
19.9;Summary;667
20;CHAPTER 13 Linux Performance Monitoring;668
20.1;The uptime and last Commands;668
20.2;The ps Command;669
20.3;free, ipcs, pmap, and lsof;670
20.3.1;The free Command;670
20.3.2;The /proc File System;671
20.3.3;The /sys/devices/system/node File System;672
20.3.4;The ipcs Command;673
20.3.5;The pmap Command;673
20.3.6;The lsof Command;675
20.4;top;675
20.5;vmstat;677
20.6;strace;678
20.7;netstat, ss, and tcpdump;679
20.7.1;Looking at Interface Statistics;679
20.7.2;Summary Statistics;680
20.7.3;Listening Socket Statistics;680
20.7.4;Looking up Well-Known Ports;681
20.7.5;Reporting on Socket Statistics Using ss;681
20.7.6;Capturing and Displaying Network Packets;682
20.8;iostat;683
20.9;mpstat;684
20.10;sar and kSar;685
20.10.1;Configuring sar;685
20.10.2;Invoking sar Directly;686
20.10.3;Graphing the Results;687
20.11;Oracle Cluster Health Monitor;689
20.11.1;Installing the Oracle Cluster Health Monitor;689
20.11.2;Starting and Stopping the Oracle Cluster Health Monitor;692
20.11.3;Understanding the Architecture;693
20.11.4;Installing the Client-Side GUI;693
20.11.5;Viewing Current and Captured Activity;694
20.12;OSWatcher;695
20.12.1;Installing OSWatcher;695
20.12.2;Starting OSWatcher;696
20.12.3;Stopping OSWatcher;696
20.12.4;Viewing Results Graphically;697
20.13;nmon;698
20.14;Summary;700
21;CHAPTER 14 Parallel Execution;701
21.1;Parallel Execution Concepts;702
21.1.1;Serial Execution;702
21.1.2;Parallel Execution;703
21.1.3;Producers and Consumers;705
21.1.4;Bloom Filters;710
21.1.5;Partitioning;712
21.2;Parallel Execution Configuration;714
21.2.1;cluster_interconnects;714
21.2.2;db_block_size, db_cache_size, and db_file_multiblock_read_count;714
21.2.3;instance_groups and parallel_instance_group;715
21.2.4;large_pool_size, parallel_execution_message_size, andshared_pool_size;716
21.2.5;parallel_adaptive_multi_user;716
21.2.6;parallel_automatic_tuning;717
21.2.7;parallel_degree_limit;717
21.2.8;parallel_degree_policy, parallel_min_time_threshold, andparallel_servers_target;718
21.2.8.1;Automatic Degree of Parallelism;718
21.2.8.2;Statement Queuing;719
21.2.8.3;In-memory Parallel Execution;720
21.2.9;parallel_force_local;721
21.2.10;parallel_io_cap_enabled;721
21.2.11;parallel_max_servers, parallel_min_servers,parallel_threads_per_cpu, and processes;722
21.2.12;parallel_min_percent;722
21.2.13;pga_aggregate_target;723
21.3;Parallel Execution Performance;723
21.4;AWR Reports;723
21.5;SQL*Plus;727
21.6;Trace Files;728
21.7;Summary;729
22;CHAPTER 15 Upgrading to Oracle 11g Release 2;730
22.1;Upgrading Grid Infrastructure Components;730
22.1.1;Installing the Prerequisites;731
22.1.2;Running the Installer;732
22.1.3;Specifying Options;733
22.1.4;Running the Upgrade;738
22.2;Upgrading RAC Software;742
22.2.1;Running the Installer;743
22.2.2;Running Configuration Scripts;745
22.3;Preparing for the Database Upgrade;747
22.3.1;Identifying the Upgrade Path;747
22.3.2;Determine Upgrade Method;748
22.3.3;Testing the Upgrade Process;748
22.3.4;Running the pre-Upgrade Tool;749
22.3.5;Performing Other Checks;754
22.3.6;Saving Current Database Parameters;754
22.3.7;Backing up the Database;755
22.3.8;Configuring the Listener Process;756
22.4;Upgrading Automatically with DBUA;756
22.5;Upgrading a Database Manually;765
22.5.1;Preparing the Parameter Files;767
22.5.2;Preparing Password Files;768
22.5.3;Modifying the Initialization Parameters;768
22.5.4;Restarting the Database in UPGRADE Mode;768
22.5.5;Running the Catalog Upgrade Script;768
22.5.6;Configuring SPFILE;769
22.5.7;Running the post-Upgrade Status Tool;770
22.5.8;Running post-Upgrade Scripts;771
22.5.9;Recompiling Invalid Packages;773
22.5.10;Updating /etc/oratab;775
22.5.11;Updating Environment Variables;775
22.5.12;Updating the Oracle Cluster Registry;775
22.5.13;Setting the Initialization Parameters for the New Release;776
22.6;Performing the Necessary post-Upgrade Steps;777
22.6.1;Completing Mandatory post-Upgrade Tasks;777
22.6.2;Performing the Recommended Tasks;778
22.7;Resolving Problems in Mixed-Database Environments;780
22.8;Using a Swing Kit;781
22.9;Summary;782
23;Index;783