Ebi / Burton / McGregor Biometeorology for Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-1-4020-8921-3
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 1, 281 Seiten

Reihe: Biometeorology

Biometeorology continues to grow as a discipline. It is increasingly recognised for its importance in providing science of relevance to society and well being of the environment. This book is the first in a new book series on Biometeorology. The purpose of the new series is to communicate the interdisciplinary philosophy and science of biometeorology to as wide an audience as possible, introduce scientists and policy makers to the societal relevance of and recent developments in its s- fields and demonstrate how a biometeorological approach can provide insights to the understanding and possible solution of cross-cutting environmental issues. One such cross-cutting environmental issue is climate change. While the literature on the science of climate change, climate change mitigation and the impacts of climate change is voluminous, that on adaptation to climate change is meagre in comparison. The purpose of this book is to partly redress this imbalance by providing insights from a biometeorological perspective. The book acknowledges that society has a long history of adapting to the impacts associated with climatic variability and change but makes the point that climate change poses a real threat to already strained coping systems. Therefore there is a need to realign human use systems with changing climate conditions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ebi, Kristie

Burton, Ian

Ebi, Kristie L.

McGregor, Glenn

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;6
2;Contents;8
3;Biometeorology for Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change;10
3.1;1.1 Introduction;10
3.2;1.2 Adaptation to Climate and Climate Change;11
3.3;1.3 Organization of This Volume;13
4;Section I Research Frontiers;15
4.1;Adaptation and Thermal Environment;16
4.1.1;2.1 Introduction;17
4.1.2;2.2 Thermoregulation, Human Heat Budget, and Thermal Assessment Procedures ;19
4.1.3;2.3 The Near Future: The Universal Thermal Climate Index UTCI;23
4.1.4;2.4 Use for Adaptation (Selected Examples);26
4.1.5;2.5 Conclusions;35
4.1.6;References;36
4.2;Heat / Health Warning Systems: Development, Implementation, and Intervention Activities;40
4.2.1;3.1 The Evaluation of Thermal Stress;41
4.2.2;3.2 Considerations in Evaluating Thermal Stress;43
4.2.3;3.3 The Determination of Thresholds;45
4.2.4;3.4 Creation of a Warning System;47
4.2.5;3.5 Intervention Measures and Public Outreach;48
4.2.6;3.6 Effectiveness of Intervention Activities;51
4.2.7;3.7 Methods to Check Effectiveness of Urban Heat Programs;52
4.2.8;3.8 Conclusions;53
4.2.9;References;54
4.3;Malaria Early Warning Systems;56
4.3.1;4.1 Introduction;57
4.3.2;4.2 Malaria;58
4.3.3;4.3 Components of an Early Warning System;60
4.3.4;4.4 Developments in Malaria Early Warning Systems;63
4.3.5;4.5 Projections of the Future Incidence and Geographic Range of Malaria;73
4.3.6;4.6 Discussion;77
4.3.7;References;78
4.4;Pollen, Allergies and Adaptation;82
4.4.1;5.1 Introduction;83
4.4.2;5.2 Human Allergy, Sensitivity to Natural Pollen and Pre- emptive Measures Based on Forecasting of Pollen Atmospheric Concentrations;86
4.4.3;5.3 Pollination Ecology ;90
4.4.4;5.4 Impact of Long-Range Pollen Transport to Allergenic Episodes: Forecasting Possibilities;97
4.4.5;5.5 Perspectives of Changing Climate: Most-Evident and Probable Impact and Means of Adaptation;102
4.4.6;References;106
4.5;Plant Biometeorology and Adaptation;114
4.5.1;6.1 Plant Responses to Weather Conditions;114
4.5.2;6.2 Preliminary Considerations of Climate Change and Variability;116
4.5.3;6.3 Impact of Climate ;119
4.5.4;6.4 Main Adaptive Options Available;125
4.5.5;6.5 Key Research Challenges;130
4.5.6;References;131
4.6;Response of Domestic Animals to Climate Challenges;137
4.6.1;7.1 Introduction;138
4.6.2;7.2 Impact of Climate Change on Animal Agriculture;138
4.6.3;7.3 Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Animal Agriculture;141
4.6.4;7.4 Impact of Climate Change on Animal Health;142
4.6.5;7.5 Animal Adaptation;145
4.6.6;7.6 Animal Management Adaptations;157
4.6.7;7.7 Conclusions;163
4.6.8;References;164
4.7;Adaptation in the Tourism and Recreation Sector;177
4.7.1;8.1 Introduction;177
4.7.2;8.2 Climate Adaptation Portfolio for the Tourism-Recreation Sector;179
4.7.3;8.3 Conclusion;195
4.7.4;References;197
4.8;Adaptation and Water Resources;201
4.8.1;9.1 Introduction;202
4.8.2;9.2 Adaptation Options in the Water Sector;202
4.8.3;9.3 Alternative Approaches and Research Frontiers;207
4.8.4;9.4 Conclusion;214
4.8.5;References;214
4.9;Psychological Perspectives on Adaptation to Weather and Climate;217
4.9.1;10.1 Psychological Conceptions of Adaptation;219
4.9.2;10.2 Protection Motivation Theory: An Organizing Framework;221
4.9.3;10.3 Conclusions;233
4.9.4;References;234
5;Section II Perspectives;239
5.1;Human Adaptation within a Paradigm of Climatic Determinism and Change;240
5.1.1;11.1 Constant Climate Determinism;241
5.1.2;11.2 The Homeothermic Imperative;243
5.1.3;11.3 Human Biological Adaptation: The Thermal Coping Range;249
5.1.4;11.4 Deterministic Disaster: Exceeding the Coping Range;250
5.1.5;11.5 Anthropogenic Climate Change: A Consensus Paradigm;254
5.1.6;11.6 Integration and Adaptation Definition;256
5.1.7;11.7 Towards an Integrated Adaptive Model;260
5.1.8;11.8 Conclusion: Philosophies, Responsibilities and Adaptability;265
5.1.9;References;267
5.2;The Status and Prospects for Biometeorology;273
5.2.1;12.1 Introduction;273
5.2.2;12.2 Driving Forces of Impacts Often Interact in Complex Ways;275
5.2.3;12.3 Global Environmental Changes Are Increasing the Complexity of Challenges and Responses;276
5.2.4;12.4 Understanding of the Interactions Between Climatic Factors and Human, Animal, and Plant Systems Can Increase Adaptive Capacity;278
5.2.5;12.5 Effective Adaptation Will Come from Adjustments in Behavior, and Social and Economic Systems;279
5.2.6;12.6 Opportunities for Biometeorology to Contribute to Adaptation;280
5.2.7;References;282
6;Index;283