Engelhardt / Henß / Mertelsmann Concise Manual of Hematology and Oncology

1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-73277-8
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 1002 Seiten

How Do We Treat? Hematology and Oncology have seen rapid progress and advances during recent years. Increased knowledge of tumor biology, epidemiology, molecular genetics, growth reg- lation, and cellular functions has led to novel therapeutic paradigms. Targeted trea- ment approaches, antibodies, immunotherapy, and other new techniques complement classic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Patients are increasingly well educated as web-based information on diagnostic and therapeutic options as well as quality ma- agement and tumor outcome data are readily available. In this dynamic and fast-paced environment, it is of central importance to base clinical decisions and medical practice on the best available evidence. Continuous quality ma- agement, with clinical process documentation, standardization, and evaluation, leads to improved patient care and long-term outcomes. For these reasons, we have started to systematically capture and evaluate data on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of p- tients with solid tumors and hematological neoplasms at the Freiburg University Med- cal Center. We have developed standard operating procedures, clinical pathways, and diagnostic and therapeutic processes, following the principles of “Good Clinical Pra- tice.” Tese processes (e.g., detailed protocols for chemotherapy application, treatment fowcharts, clinical pathways) are continuously tested and validated in clinical practice.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Engelhardt, Monika

Henß, Hartmut

Mertelsmann, Roland

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;4
2;Contents;5
3;1 Principles of Medical Oncology;18
3.1;1.1 Epidemiology;18
3.2;1.2 Carcinogenesis, Molecular Tumor Biology;20
3.3;1.3 Hematopoiesis and Development of Hematological Neoplasia;24
3.4;1.4 Prevention and Screening;27
3.5;1.5 Classification of Diseases and ICD System;31
3.6;1.6 Tumor Classification and TNM System;34
3.7;1.7 Indications for Tumor Therapy;36
3.8;1.8 Performance Status of Tumor Patients (“ Performance Status Scales”);38
3.9;1.9 Response Evaluation in Solid Tumors;39
3.10;1.10 Common Toxicity Criteria ( NCI);42
3.11;1.11 Assessing the Quality of Life of Tumor Patients;47
3.12;1.12 Evidence- based Medicine ( EBM), Guidelines and Quality Management;49
3.13;1.13 Electronic Media;52
4;2 Special Diagnostics;56
4.1;2.1 Cytogenetics and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ( FISH);56
4.2;2.2 Molecular Diagnosis;59
4.3;2.3 Gene Expression Analysis using Microarrays;62
4.4;2.4 Tumor Markers;64
4.5;2.5 CD Antigens and Immunocytological Diagnosis;68
4.6;2.6 HLA System and MHC;79
5;3 Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy;82
5.1;3.1 Basic Principles of Chemotherapy;82
5.2;3.2 Cytostatic Drugs;86
5.2.1;3.2.1 Characteristics of Clinically Used Cytostatic Drugs;88
5.2.2;3.2.2 Check List Cytostatic Treatment;148
5.2.3;3.2.3 Drug Dosage Calculation Based on Body Surface Area ( BSA);149
5.2.4;3.2.4 Dose Adjustment of Cytostatic Drugs;151
5.2.5;3.2.5 Chemotherapy During Pregnancy and Lactation;158
5.2.6;3.2.6 Selected Cytostatic Drug Incompatibilities;160
5.2.7;3.2.7 Preparation and Stability of Cytostatics;163
5.3;3.3 Hormone Therapy;170
5.3.1;3.3.1 Characterization of Hormone Treatments in Oncology;173
5.4;3.4 Cytokines;187
5.5;3.5 Monoclonal Antibodies;195
5.6;3.6 Specific Protein Kinase Inhibitors (“ Targeted Therapies”);205
5.7;3.7 Drug Development and Clinical Studies;215
5.8;3.8 Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics;218
6;4 Supportive Treatment;221
6.1;4.1 Antiemetic Prophylaxis and Therapy;221
6.2;4.2 Antibiotic Treatment and Neutropenic Fever;228
6.3;4.3 Growth Factors;235
6.4;4.4 Nutrition in Cancer Patients;242
6.5;4.5 Pain Control;252
6.6;4.6 Fatigue;258
6.7;4.7 Bisphosphonates;260
6.8;4.8 Malignant Effusions;266
6.8.1;4.8.1 Malignant Pleural Effusion;267
6.8.2;4.8.2 Malignant Pericardial Effusion;271
6.8.3;4.8.3 Malignant Ascites;274
6.9;4.9 Transfusion Therapy;278
6.10;4.10 Human Sperm Cryopreservation;288
6.11;4.11 Cryopreservation of Human Pronuclear Oocytes;291
6.12;4.12 Sexual Dysfunction;293
6.13;4.13 Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine;295
6.14;4.14 Principles of Oncology Nursing Care;298
6.15;4.15 Psycho- oncological Care;303
6.16;4.16 Rehabilitation;306
7;5 Particular Treatment Procedures;310
7.1;5.1 Hematopoetic Stem Cell Technology ( Harvesting, Culture, Purging);310
7.2;5.2 Autologous Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation;313
7.3;5.3 Allogeneic Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation;319
7.4;5.4 Granulocyte Transfusion;326
7.5;5.5 Immunotherapy;328
7.6;5.6 Gene Therapy;332
7.7;5.7 Inhibition of Angiogenesis;336
7.8;5.8 Developmental Therapeutics;339
8;6 Hematology and Hemostasis;344
8.1;6.1 Aplastic Anemia;344
8.2;6.2 Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis;349
8.3;6.3 Thrombocytopenia;353
8.3.1;6.3.1 Immune ( Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura ( ITP, Werlhof’s Disease);356
8.3.2;6.3.2 Heparin- induced Thrombocytopenia ( HIT);360
8.3.3;6.3.3 Thrombotic Microangiopathies ( TTP- HUS);362
8.4;6.4 Anemia;365
8.4.1;6.4.1 Hypochromic Anemia;368
8.4.2;6.4.2 Megaloblastic Anemia;372
8.4.3;6.4.3 Hemolytic Anemia;376
8.4.4;6.4.4 Normochromic Anemia;386
8.5;6.5 Coagulation Disorders;388
8.5.1;6.5.1 Acquired Coagulation Disorders;393
8.5.2;6.5.2 Factor VIII Deficiency ( Hemophilia A);398
8.5.3;6.5.3 Factor IX Deficiency ( Hemophilia B);401
8.5.4;6.5.4 Von Willebrand’s Disease ( VWD);403
8.5.5;6.5.5 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ( DIC);406
8.6;6.6 Thromboembolism and Thrombophilia;410
9;7 Hematological Neoplasia;417
9.1;7.1 Acute Leukemias;417
9.2;7.2 Myelodysplastic Syndrome ( MDS);440
9.3;7.3 Myeloproliferative Disorders ( MPD);446
9.3.1;7.3.1 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML);448
9.3.2;7.3.2 Polycythemia Vera;456
9.3.3;7.3.3 Essential Thrombocythemia;460
9.3.4;7.3.4 Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis (CIMF);464
9.4;7.4 Hodgkin’s Disease ( Hodgkin’s Lymphoma);467
9.5;7.5 Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphomas ( NHL);475
9.5.1;7.5.1 High- grade Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma;480
9.5.2;7.5.2 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL);487
9.5.3;7.5.3 Prolymphocytic Leukemia ( PLL);494
9.5.4;7.5.4 Hairy Cell Leukemia ( HCL);497
9.5.5;7.5.5 Follicular Lymphoma ( FL);500
9.5.6;7.5.6 Mantle Cell Lymphoma ( MCL);505
9.5.7;7.5.7 Primary Cutaneous T- cell Lymphoma (CTCL);509
9.5.8;7.5.8 Primary Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System (CNS);515
9.5.9;7.5.9 Marginal Zone Lymphoma ( MZL);519
9.5.10;7.5.10 Multiple Myeloma;523
9.5.11;7.5.11 Immunocytoma ( Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia);532
9.6;7.6 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ( LCH);535
9.7;7.7 Mastocytosis;539
10;8 Medical Oncology;544
10.1;8.1 Head and Neck Tumors;544
10.2;8.2 Tumors of the Respiratory System;551
10.3;8.3 Gastrointestinal Tumors;571
10.3.1;8.3.1 Esophageal Carcinoma;571
10.3.2;8.3.2 Gastric Cancer;576
10.3.3;8.3.3 Cancer of the Small Intestine;582
10.3.4;8.3.4 Colorectal Cancer;586
10.3.5;8.3.5 Anal Carcinoma;593
10.3.6;8.3.6 Pancreatic Carcinoma;597
10.3.7;8.3.7 Hepatocellular Carcinoma ( HCC);603
10.3.8;8.3.8 Tumors of the Gallbladder and Bile Duct;609
10.4;8.4 Tumors of the Female Reproductive System ;613
10.4.1;8.4.1 Breast Cancer;613
10.4.2;8.4.2 Malignant Ovarian Tumors;627
10.4.3;8.4.3 Malignant Germ Cell Tumors in Women;635
10.4.4;8.4.4 Granulosa Cell Tumors of the Ovary;639
10.4.5;8.4.5 Sertoli- Leydig Cell Tumors;642
10.4.6;8.4.6 Malignant Trophoblastic Tumors;644
10.4.7;8.4.7 Cervical Cancer;649
10.4.8;8.4.8 Endometrial Carcinoma;656
10.4.9;8.4.9 Uterine Sarcoma;662
10.4.10;8.4.10 Vaginal Cancer;665
10.4.11;8.4.11 Vulvar Cancer;668
10.5;8.5 Tumors of the Male Reproductive System ;672
10.5.1;8.5.1 Testicular Tumors;672
10.5.2;8.5.2 Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors;681
10.5.3;8.5.3 Prostate Cancer;685
10.5.4;8.5.4 Penile Cancer;694
10.6;8.6 Tumors of the Urinary Tract;698
10.6.1;8.6.1 Renal Cell Carcinoma;698
10.6.2;8.6.2 Tumors of the Renal Pelvis, Ureter, and Bladder;704
10.7;8.7 Tumors of the Endocrine System;712
10.7.1;8.7.1 Thyroid Cancer;712
10.7.2;8.7.2 Neuroendocrine Tumors ( NET);718
10.7.3;8.7.3 Malignant Pheochromocytoma and MEN;725
10.7.4;8.7.4 Tumors of the Adrenal Cortex;729
10.7.5;8.7.5 Pituitary Gland Tumors;732
10.8;8.8 Malignant Tumors of the Skin ;735
10.8.1;8.8.1 Melanoma;735
10.8.2;8.8.2 Basal Cell Carcinoma;743
10.8.3;8.8.3 Squamous Cell Carcinoma;745
10.8.4;8.8.4 Merkel Cell Carcinoma;748
10.9;8.9 Sarcomas ;751
10.9.1;8.9.1 Soft Tissue Sarcoma;751
10.9.2;8.9.2 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST);756
10.9.3;8.9.3 Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors ( PNET) and Ewing’s Sarcoma;758
10.9.4;8.9.4 Osteosarcoma;762
10.10;8.10 CNS Tumors;767
10.11;8.11 Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP);772
10.12;8.12 Metastasis;776
10.12.1;8.12.1 Brain Metastases;778
10.12.2;8.12.2 Carcinomatous Meningitis ( Leptomeningeal Metastases);780
10.12.3;8.12.3 Lung Metastases;784
10.12.4;8.12.4 Liver Metastases;786
10.12.5;8.12.5 Bone Metastases;788
10.13;8.13 Paraneoplastic Syndromes;790
11;9 Hematological and Oncological Emergencies;797
11.1;9.1 Neutropenic Sepsis;797
11.2;9.2 Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ( SVCS);799
11.3;9.3 Spinal Cord Compression / Cauda Equina Syndrome;801
11.4;9.4 Malignant Cardiac Tamponade;803
11.5;9.5 Malignant Hypercalcemia;805
11.6;9.6 Tumor Lysis Syndrome;807
11.7;9.7 Hemorrhagic Complications / Malignant Vascular Erosion;809
11.8;9.8 Transfusion Reactions;811
11.9;9.9 Extravasation of Cytostatic Drugs;815
12;10 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP);818
12.1;10.1 Thoracentesis;818
12.2;10.2 Pleurodesis;820
12.3;10.3 Abdominal Paracentesis;822
12.4;10.4 Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy;824
12.5;10.5 Basic Hematological Diagnostics;827
12.6;10.6 Lumbar Puncture ( Spinal Tap) and Intrathecal Instillation of Cytostatic Drugs;832
12.7;10.7 Central Venous Access (CVA), Central Venous Catheter (CVC);834
12.8;10.8 Blood Cultures;837
13;11 Standardized Treatment Protocols;839