Erdemir / Martin Superlubricity

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-08-052530-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 525 Seiten

Superlubricity is defined as a sliding regime in which friction or resistance to sliding vanishes. It has been shown that energy can be conserved by further reducing/removing friction in moving mechanical systems and this book includes contributions from world-renowned scientists who address some of the most fundamental research issues in overcoming friction. Superlubricity reviews the latest methods and materials in this area of research that are aimed at removing friction in nano-to-micro scale machines and large scale engineering components. Insight is also given into the atomic-scale origins of friction in general and superlubricity while other chapters focus on experimental and practical aspects or impacts of superlubricity that will be very useful for broader industrial community.
* Reviews the latest fundamental research in superlubricity today
* Presents 'state-of-the-art' methods, materials, and experimental techniques
* Latest developments in tribomaterials, coatings, and lubricants providing superlubricity

Autoren/Hrsg.

Erdemir, Ali

Martin, Jean-Michel

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front cover;1
2;Superlubricity;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Foreword “From Hard to Soft”;16
6;Introduction;18
7;Contributors;22
8;Chapter 1. Superlubricity for Incommensurate Crystalline and Disordered Interfaces;26
8.1;1.1 Superlubricity for Incommensurate Interfaces;26
8.2;1.2 Superlubricity for Disordered Interfaces;28
8.3;1.3 Friction Resulting from Multiscale Roughness;31
8.4;1.4 Superlubricity Resulting from Polymer Brushes;36
8.5;1.5 Conclusions;39
8.6;References;39
9;Chapter 2. Superlubricity of Clean Surfaces;42
9.1;2.1 Introduction;42
9.2;2.2 Preliminaries: Tomlinson's Picture;43
9.3;2.3 The Criterion for the Occurrence of Tomlinson's Mechanism;46
9.4;2.4 Atomistic Origin of Friction;50
9.5;2.5 Superlubricity;55
9.6;2.6 Summary;61
9.7;References;62
10;Chapter 3. Theoretical Studies of Superlubricity;64
10.1;3.1 Introduction;64
10.2;3.2 Theory;65
10.3;3.3 Computer Simulations;72
10.4;3.4 Conclusions;79
10.5;References;80
11;Chapter 4. Ab-initio Atomic Scale Study of Nearly Frictionless Surfaces;82
11.1;4.1 Introduction;82
11.2;4.2 Frictionless Sliding;84
11.3;4.3 Description of Theoretical Model;85
11.4;4.4 Superlow Friction Coefficient Between Hydrogenated Diamond Surfaces;86
11.5;4.5 Ab-Initio Study of Atomic-Scale Friction Between Cubic BN-Surfaces;93
11.6;4.6 Conclusions;100
11.7;Acknowledgements;100
11.8;References;101
12;Chapter 5. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Tribology;104
12.1;5.1 Introduction;104
12.2;5.2 MD Simulation Methods;105
12.3;5.3 Reactive Potentials;109
12.4;5.4 Recent MD Work;117
12.5;5.5 Conclusion;125
12.6;Acknowledgements;125
12.7;References;125
13;Chapter 6. What Causes Low Friction; What Causes High Friction;128
13.1;6.1 Introduction;128
13.2;6.2 Superlubricity in Boundary Lubrication;128
13.3;6.3 Controlling the Boundary Condition of Hydrodynamic Flow;133
13.4;6.4 Outlook-The Purposeful Reduction in Friction;139
13.5;6.5 Concluding Remarks;140
13.6;Acknowledgements;140
13.7;References;140
14;Chapter 7. Frictional Dynamics at the Atomic Scale in Presence of Small Oscillations of the Sliding Surfaces;144
14.1;7.1 Introduction;144
14.2;7.2 Experimental;145
14.3;Acknowledgements;154
14.4;References;154
15;Chapter 8. Effect of Surface Roughness and Adsorbates on Superlubricity;156
15.1;8.1 Introduction;156
15.2;8.2 Model;157
15.3;8.3 Numerical Results;159
15.4;8.4 Summary and Conclusion;170
15.5;Acknowledgements;171
15.6;References;171
16;Chapter 9. Atomic-Scale Investigation of Superlubricity on Insulating Surfaces;172
16.1;9.1 Introduction;172
16.2;9.2 The Tomlinson-Prandtl Model;173
16.3;9.3 The Superlubric Regime;177
16.4;9.4 Experimental Evidence of Superlubricity: Quasistatic Case;179
16.5;9.5 Experimental Evidence of Superlubricity: Dynamic Case;182
16.6;9.6 Conclusions and Outlook;184
16.7;References;185
17;Chapter 10. Superlubricity of Fullerene Intercalated Graphite Composite;186
17.1;10.1 Introduction;186
17.2;10.2 Sliding of Graphite Flakes;187
17.3;10.3 Superlubricity of a Graphite/C60 Monolayer Film/Graphite 10;190
17.4;10.4 Superlubricity of C60 (C70) Intercalated Graphite Composite;193
17.5;10.5 Origin of Superlubricity of Fullerene Intercalated Graphite Composite;197
17.6;References;202
18;Chapter 11. Superlubricity of Ag Nanometer-Thick Layers under Macroscopic Sliding System in UHV Condition;204
18.1;11.1 Introduction;204
18.2;11.2 Experimental Details;205
18.3;11.3 Film-Thickness Effect on the Lubricity of Ag Film;207
18.4;11.4 Determination of the Shear Plane in Superlubricity of Ag Film;211
18.5;11.5 Morphological Effect on Superlubricity;213
18.6;11.6 Effect of Crystal Orientation on Superlubricity;217
18.7;11.7 Origin of Ag Film Superlubricity;220
18.8;11.8 Conclusion;222
18.9;References;223
19;Chapter 12. Superlubricity between Graphite Surfaces;224
19.1;12.1 Introduction;224
19.2;12.2 Incommensurability-Induced Transition to Frictionless Sliding;225
19.3;12.3 Atomic-Scale Observation of Superlubricity between Graphite Surfaces;225
19.4;12.4 Towards Applications;229
19.5;12.5 Summary;230
19.6;Acknowledgements;231
19.7;References;231
20;Chapter 13. Superlubricity of Molybdenum Disulfide;232
20.1;13.1 Low, Ultralow and Superlow Friction;232
20.2;13.2 Characterization of Sputter-Deposited MoS2 Coatings;233
20.3;13.3 Experimental Details for UHV Tribometry and MoS2 Film Deposition;235
20.4;13.4 Ultralow and Superlow Friction of MoS2 Coatings;235
20.5;13.5 HRTEM Investigation of MoS2 Wear Debris;241
20.6;13.6 Possible Explanation for Superlubricity of MoS2;242
20.7;13.7 Ultralow Friction by MoS2 Single Sheets. Towards Superlubricity under Boundary Lubrication;245
20.8;13.8 Ultralow Friction by MoS2 Nanoparticles;248
20.9;References;249
21;Chapter 14. Superlubricity of Tungsten Disulfide Coatings in Ultra High Vacuum;252
21.1;14.1 Introduction;252
21.2;14.2 WS2 Coatings;253
21.3;14.3 IF-WS2 coatings;255
21.4;14.4 Conclusions;260
21.5;Acknowledgements;260
21.6;References;260
22;Chapter 15. Superlubricity by H2S Gas Lubrication of Mo;262
22.1;Abstract;262
22.2;15.1 Introduction;262
22.3;15.2 Experimental;264
22.4;15.3 Results;265
22.5;15.4 Discussion;272
22.6;15.5 Conclusions;275
22.7;Acknowledgements;275
22.8;References;275
23;Chapter 16. Superlubricity in Diamondlike Carbon Films;278
23.1;16.1 Introduction;278
23.2;16.2 Superlubricity in Crystalline Solids;279
23.3;16.3 Superlubricity in Amorphous Carbons;282
23.4;16.4 Summary and Future Direction;293
23.5;Acknowledgements;294
23.6;References;294
24;Chapter 17. Superlow Friction of a-C:H Films: Tribochemical and Rheological Effects;298
24.1;17.1 Introduction;298
24.2;17.2 The Wide Friction Range of DLC Films;299
24.3;17.3 Conditions for a-C:H Films to Achieve Superlow Friction;302
24.4;17.4 Achievement and Preservation of Superlow Friction with a-C:H Films;308
24.5;17.5 Conclusion;317
24.6;References;318
25;Chapter 18. Suppression of Moisture Sensitivity of Friction in Carbon-Based Coatings;320
25.1;18.1 Introduction;320
25.2;18.2 Synthesis;322
25.3;18.3 Surface Characterization;323
25.4;18.4 Tribological Testing;327
25.5;18.5 Water-Film Interactions;329
25.6;18.6 Mechanical Properties;331
25.7;18.7 Conclusion;334
25.8;References;334
26;Chapter 19. Application of Carbon Based Nano-Materials to Aeronautics and Space Lubrication;336
26.1;19.1 Introduction;336
26.2;19.2 Experimental;337
26.3;19.3 Results and Discussion;342
26.4;19.4 Concluding Remarks;363
26.5;References;363
27;Chapter 20. Superlubricity of CNx-coatings in Nitrogen Gas Atmosphere;366
27.1;20.1 Introduction;366
27.2;20.2 Fundamental Properties of CNx-coatings;366
27.3;20.3 Superlubricity of CNx-coating on Si-wafer sliding against Si3N4 ball;370
27.4;20.4 Superlubricity of CNx-coating on Si3N4 Disk Sliding against Si3N4 Ball or CNx-coating on Si3N4 Ball;373
27.5;20.5 Mechanisms of Low Friction and Low Wear of CNx-coatings;376
27.6;20.6 Summary;388
27.7;References;388
28;Chapter 21. Achieving Ultralow Friction by Aqueous, Brush-Assisted Lubrication;390
28.1;21.1 Introduction;390
28.2;21.2 Macroscopic Scale Contacts;393
28.3;21.3 Micro/Nanoscopic Scale Studies;403
28.4;21.4 Summary and Outlook;416
28.5;References;417
29;Chapter 22. Friction Control at The Molecular Level: From Superlubricity to Stick-Slip;422
29.1;22.1 Introduction;422
29.2;22.2 Experimental;427
29.3;22.3 Results and Discussion;434
29.4;References;449
30;Chapter 23. Super Low Traction under EHD & Mixed Lubrication Regimes;452
30.1;23.1 Introduction;452
30.2;23.2 Traction versus Super Low Traction;453
30.3;23.3 Experimental conditions;456
30.4;23.4 Lubricated Super Low Traction;457
30.5;23.5 Discussion and Conclusion;465
30.6;Acknowledgements;467
30.7;Annex: Main Properties of the Lubricants;467
30.8;References;467
31;Chapter 24. Superlubricity of In Situ Generated Protective Layer on Worn Metal Surfacesin situ generated protective layer on worn metal surfaces in Presence of Mg6Si4O10(OH)8Mg6Si4O10(OH)8;470
31.1;24.1 Introduction;470
31.2;24.2 Tribochemical Principles of In Situ Reconditioning of Rubbing Metal Surfaces;471
31.3;24.3 Superlubricity of Protective Layer Generated by ART Mechanochemical Reconditioner Package;475
31.4;24.4 Possible Sources of Superlubricity of In Situ Generated Protective Layer on Worn Metal Surfaces;486
31.5;Acknowledgements;492
31.6;References;492
32;Chapter 25. Superlubricity of Diamond/Glycerol Technology Applied to Automotive Gasoline Engines;496
32.1;25.1 Introduction;496
32.2;25.2 Methods;497
32.3;25.3 Results and Discussion;502
32.4;25.4 Conclusion;516
32.5;Acknowledgements;516
32.6;References;517
33;Subject Index;518