Essegbey Topics in Kwa Syntax

Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, Vol 78
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-3189-1
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 237 Seiten

This book grew out of a concern we have had that very many theoretical and descriptive work on the Kwa languages were not accessible to the general linguistic community. As a result, these languages were only referred to in the context of very specific discussions such as serial verb constructions. But as the reader of this book will notice, syntactic topics discussed in the context of Kwa range from bare nouns, relative clauses, negation, discourse markers and the interaction with the clausal periphery, to argument structure. Many issues remain that need to be brought to the fore of the community and we hope that this book will trigger the curiosity of the reader to get to know more about these languages. Much of the work presented here could not have been possible without the help of many colleagues and the contri- tors whom we thank warmly for joining this enterprise. We are also grateful to the editors of the series, Marcel den Dikken, Joan Maling, Liliane Haegeman to have offered us this platform to initiate the debate about Kwa. We will also like to thank Helen van der Stelt and Jolanda Voogd from Springer for their kind collaboration and patience. We are also very grateful to Joscelyn Essegbey and Leston Buell for helping with editing the manuscript. Enoch, O. Aboh James Essegbey v Contents 1 The Phonology Syntax Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Enoch, O. Aboh and James Essegbey 2 The Morphosyntax of the Noun Phrase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Enoch, O.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Essegbey, James

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Contents;6
3;Contributors;7
4;Introduction;8
4.1;The Book;8
4.2;Reference;12
5;Chapter 1 The Phonology Syntax Interface;15
5.1;1.1 Introduction;15
5.2;1.2 Lexical Tones;15
5.3;1.3 Syntactic Tones;17
5.4;1.4 Conclusion;22
5.5;References;22
6;Chapter 2 The Morphosyntax of the Noun Phrase;24
6.1;2.1 Introduction;24
6.2;2.2 Bare Nouns and Discourse Specificity Marking;24
6.3;2.3 Modified Nouns;27
6.3.1;2.3.1 Noun–Adjective–Demonstrative;27
6.3.2;2.3.2 Noun–Adjective–Numeral;30
6.3.3;2.3.3 Noun–Adjective–Numeral–Demonstrative;32
6.3.4;2.3.4 Noun–Adjective–Numeral–Demonstrative; Number and Definiteness/Specificity;37
6.4;2.4 Relative Clauses;41
6.5;2.5 Possessive Constructions and Adpositions;44
6.6;2.6 Conclusion;48
6.7;References;48
7;Chapter 3 General Properties of the Clause;51
7.1;3.1 Introduction;51
7.2;3.2 Inflectional Morphology;52
7.2.1;3.2.1 Tense and Aspect Specifications;53
7.2.2;3.2.2 Negation Across Kwa;56
7.2.3;3.2.3 The Expression of Modality;57
7.2.4;3.2.4 The Category Adverb;58
7.3;3.3 On VO versus OV Alternation in Kwa;60
7.4;3.4 OV Sequences and the Structure of Serial Verb Constructions;65
7.5;3.5 Inherent Complement Verbs;69
7.6;3.6 Discourse Particles;72
7.7;3.7 Conclusion;73
7.8;References;74
8;Chapter 4 The Non-agreeing Subject Resumptive Pronoun in Yoruba1;77
8.1;4.1 Introduction;77
8.2;4.2 An Overview of Resumptive Constructions;78
8.3;4.3 The Non-agreeing Subject Resumptive Pronoun;81
8.3.1;4.3.1 Hypothesis I: The Non-agreeing Subject Resumptive Pronoun Is Derived by Movement;84
8.3.2;4.3.2 Hypothesis II: The Non-agreeing Subject Resumptive Pronoun Is Derived by External Merge;85
8.4;4.4 Agreeing Subject Resumptive Pronouns;93
8.5;4.5 Conclusion;98
8.6;References;99
9;Chapter 5 Relative Clauses in Akan;102
9.1;5.1 Introduction;102
9.2;5.2 Relative Clause Formation in Akan;103
9.2.1;5.2.1 The Relative Complementizer;104
9.2.2;5.2.2 Relative Clauses and Determiners;105
9.2.3;5.2.3 Relative Clauses and Resumptive Pronouns;108
9.3;5.3 The NP Accessibility Hierarchy;110
9.3.1;5.3.1 Restrictive Versus Non-restrictive Relative Clauses;112
9.3.2;5.3.2 Extraposed Relative Clauses;113
9.4;5.4 Types of NPs that can be Heads;114
9.5;5.5 Relative Clauses without Overt Complementizers;114
9.6;5.6 Stacking of Relative Clauses;116
9.7;5.7 Summary;117
9.8;References;118
10;Chapter 6 C-Type Negation Markers on the Right Edge;119
10.1;6.1 Introduction;119
10.2;6.2 The Gbe I- and C-Systems;121
10.2.1;6.2.1 The I-System;121
10.2.2;6.2.2 The C-System in Gungbe;123
10.3;6.3 Negation across Gbe;127
10.3.1;6.3.1 Pre-verbal Negation;128
10.3.2;6.3.2 Pre-verbal and/or Right Edge Negation;129
10.3.3;6.3.3 Pre-verbal and Right Edge Negation;130
10.3.4;6.3.4 The Distribution of Right Edge Negation in Gbe;131
10.4;6.4 Right Edge Negation: an I-Type or C-Type Element?;137
10.4.1;6.4.1 The Right Edge Negation is an I-Type Element;137
10.4.2;6.4.2 The Right Edge Negative Particle belongs to C;141
10.5;6.5 Conclusion and Further Questions;147
10.6;References;148
11;Chapter 7 Information Packaging Constructions in Kwa: Micro-variation and Typology;150
11.1;7.1 Introduction;150
11.2;7.2 Clause Positions;151
11.3;7.3 Focusing Devices;154
11.3.1;7.3.1 In-Situ Focus;155
11.4;7.4 Marked Focus Constructions;157
11.4.1;7.4.1 Subject Focus Constructions;158
11.4.2;7.4.2 Object Focus Constructions;161
11.4.3;7.4.3 Second Object Focus;162
11.4.4;7.4.4 Adjunct Focus Constructions;163
11.4.5;7.4.5 Clause Final Marking of Ex-Situ Focus Constructions;165
11.4.6;7.4.6 Summary;165
11.5;7.5 Predicate Focus Constructions;166
11.5.1;7.5.1 Verb Copy Strategies;167
11.5.2;7.5.2 Nominalised Verb Strategy;168
11.5.3;7.5.3 The Predicate Focus Marker in Ewe;169
11.5.4;7.5.4 Verb Focus in Serial Verb Constructions;170
11.5.5;7.5.5 Predicative Adjective Focus in Akan;172
11.6;7.6 Complex Phrases and Focus Strategies;172
11.7;7.7 More Information Packaging Constructions;174
11.7.1;7.7.1 Topic and Comment Only Constructions;174
11.7.2;7.7.2 Contrastive Topics;176
11.7.3;7.7.3 Cleft Constructions;178
11.7.4;7.7.4 Inferential Constructions;179
11.8;7.8 Conclusion;181
11.9;References;182
12;Chapter 8 Inherent Complement Verbs and the Basic Double Object Construction in Gbe;186
12.1;8.1 Introduction;186
12.2;8.2 The Canonical DOC;187
12.2.1;8.2.1 Symmetric Properties;187
12.2.2;8.2.2 Asymmetric Properties;189
12.2.3;8.2.3 Information Packaging in the Double Object Construction;191
12.2.4;8.2.4 Summary;193
12.2.5;8.2.5 Cross-Linguistic Look at Definiteness Restrictions;193
12.3;8.3 Inherent Complement Verbs;195
12.3.1;8.3.1 Word Order;195
12.3.2;8.3.2 Object Preposing;196
12.3.3;8.3.3 Nominalization;197
12.3.4;8.3.4 Nyá-Construction;197
12.3.5;8.3.5 Pronominalization;198
12.3.6;8.3.6 Definiteness Restriction;198
12.3.7;8.3.7 Summary;198
12.4;8.4 Beyond Gbe;199
12.5;8.5 Conclusion;201
12.6;References;201
13;Chapter 9 The Empty Subject Construction: Verb Serialization in Baule;203
13.1;9.1 Introduction;203
13.2;9.2 Parataxis Structure for Baule ESC;209
13.2.1;9.2.1 Exclusion of Complementation Structure;209
13.2.2;9.2.2 Presence of V2-Subject;210
13.2.3;9.2.3 Presence of Tense/Aspect/Mode on V2;211
13.2.4;9.2.4 Presence of Polarity Marker on V2;213
13.2.5;9.2.5 Distribution of Sentence-Level Adverbs;214
13.3;9.3 Pro-Drop in ESC;215
13.3.1;9.3.1 Garden Variety Null Objects and Unexpressed V2-Objects in ESC;215
13.3.2;9.3.2 Unexpressed V2-Arguments in ESC Arise via Pro-Drop;217
13.3.3;9.3.3 Garden Variety Null Objects Versus Null V2-Objects in ESC;220
13.4;9.4 Licensing Null Pronouns in Baule ESC;224
13.5;9.5 Baule ESC vs. Verb Serialization in other Languages;230
13.5.1;9.5.1 Multiple Verbs in Series without overt Conjunctions;230
13.5.2;9.5.2 One TAM and one Polarity Value;231
13.5.3;9.5.3 One Subject;231
13.5.4;9.5.4 Unexpressed Pronoun Objects;232
13.5.5;9.5.5 Multiple Clauses;233
13.5.6;9.5.6 Multiple Events;235
13.5.7;9.5.7 Extending Valence;238
13.6;9.6 Conclusion;238
13.7;References;239
14;Language Index;241
15;Subject Index;243