Essington Soil and Water Chemistry

An Integrative Approach, Second Edition
2. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-1-4665-7323-9
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 656 Seiten

The second edition of a bestseller, Soil and Water Chemistry: An Integrative Approach maintains the balanced perspective that made the first edition a hugely popular textbook. The second edition includes new figures and tables, new chapters, and expanded exercises in each chapter. It covers topics including soil chemical environment, soil minerals, soil organic matter, cation exchange, oxidation-reduction, mineral weathering and solubility, surface chemistry and adsorption reactions, acidity and salinity in soil materials, and chemical thermodynamics applied to soil systems.

See What’s New in the Second Edition:

- Extensive section that details the sources, speciation, and the general behavior of elements in soils

- Expanded section on crystal structure, updated phyllosillcates classifications scheme, inclusion of sepiolite-palygorskite group, and expanded x-ray diffraction section

- Discussion of surface runoff losses of phosphorus from soil and description of the inductivity coupled argon plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analytical technique for determining elemental concentrations in soil solution

- Coverage of the influence of redox processes on the soil chemistry of nonelectroactive elements

- Description of the electrokinetic phenomenon and investigation of the influence of temperature on adsorption

- Expanded discussion on the application of chemical thermodynamics to soil systems

A solutions manual is available upon qualifying course adoption.

Still one of the only texts on this subject, this book provides a comprehensive, modern, and balanced coverage of the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of soils and their chemical processes. It contains more information and topic coverage than required for an average, single-semester course. This extensive coverage is by design, giving you the latitude to pick your own essential topics while providing additional information or a more advanced treatment when needed. Figures and tables make the information accessible and each problem has been tested and is relevant and doable, but asks more of students than to simply generate a number. This format allows students to understand the concepts and recognize that their computations have physical meaning.

Zielgruppe

Junior to Senior Undergraduate/Graduate Text. Environmental Scientists/Engineers/Managers. Soil Scientists. Hydrologists. Plant Scientists. Geologists. Landscape Professionals. Environmental Chemists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Essington, Michael E.

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Botanik
• Naturwissenschaften Agrarwissenschaften Agrarwissenschaften
• Naturwissenschaften Chemie Chemie Allgemein

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Soil Chemical Environment: An Overview
Phases and Chemical Processes in Soil
Elements in the Soil Environment: Their Concentrations, Speciation, and General Behavior
Units and Conversions
Heterogeneity of Soil Chemical Characteristics
Exercises
References
Soil Minerals
Chemical Bonds
Pauling's Rules
Crystal Structure
Silicate Classes
Clay Mineralogy
Hydrous Metal Oxides
X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
Exercises
References
Chemical Weathering
Hydrolysis and Oxidation
Balancing Chemical Reactions
Mineral Stability: Primary Silicates in the Sand- and Silt-Sized Fractions
Mineral Stability: Clay-Sized Fraction
Weathering and Formation Characteristics of the Phyllosilicates
General Weathering Scheme for the Phyllosilicates
Exercises
References
Organic Matter in Soil
Determination of Soil Organic Carbon Concentrations
Organic Functional Groups: A Review
Nonhumic Substances
Humic Substances
Exercises
References
Soil Water Chemistry
Nature of Water
Ion Hydration
Electrolyte Solutions
Hydrolysis of Cations
Lowry-Brønsted Acids and Bases
Complex Ions and Ion Pairs
Ion Association Model
Ion Speciation in Soil Solutions
Qualitative Aspects of Ion Speciation
Soil Water Sampling Methodologies
Methods of Chemical Analysis: Elemental Analysis
Exercises
References
Mineral Solubility
Mineral Solubility: Basic Principles
Application of Mineral Solubility Principles: Impediments
Deviation of Ksp from Kdis
Mineral Solubility and Solution Composition
Stability Diagrams
Predicting Solution Composition
Exercises
References
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions in Soils
Electron Activity and Stability of Water
Redox Potential Measurements
Redox Status in Soils
pe-pH Predominance Diagrams
Exercises
References
Surface Chemistry and Adsorption Reactions
Surface Functional Groups and Complexes
Solid-Solution Interface: A Microscopic View
Quantitative Description of Adsorption
Specific Retention of Metals and Ligands
Ligand Effects on Metal Adsorption
Organic Surface Functional Groups and Organic Molecular Retention Mechanisms
Surface Complexation Models
Exercises
References
Cation Exchange
Cation Exchange: A Beginning for Soil Chemistry
Qualitative Aspects of Cation Exchange
Cation-Exchange Capacity and Exchange Phase Composition
Quantitative Description of Cation Exchange
Exercises
References
Acidity in Soil Materials
Measurement of Soil Solution pH
Chemical and Biochemical Processes That Influence Soil Solution pH
Acid-Neutralizing Capacity and the Quantification of Soil Acidity
Neutralization of Soil Acidity
Acid Generation and Management in Mine Spoils: The Oxidation of Pyrite
Exercises
References
Soil Salinity and Sodicity
Sources of Salts and Problematic Elements
Diagnostic Characteristics of Saline and Sodic Soils
Irrigation Water Quality Parameters and Relationships
Genesis, Management, and Reclamation of Salt-Affected Soils
Exercises
References
Chemical Thermodynamics Applied to Soil Systems
Thermodynamic Soil System
Gibbs-Duhem Equation and the Gibbs Phase Rule
Chemical Equilibria in Soils
Ionic Species
Exercises
References

Über Autor(innen)

Michael E. Essington is professor of soil and water chemistry in the Institute of Agriculture at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. In addition to teaching courses in soil chemistry and clay mineralogy, his special research interests center on the role of aqueous speciation in environmental chemistry, with particular emphasis on trace element adsorption and precipitation phenomena. These interests have resulted in more than 200 publications and technical reports.

Dr. Essington received his BSc in agriculture from New Mexico State University in 1980 and his PhD in soil science from the University of California, Riverside, in 1985. He was a research scientist at the Western Research Institute in Laramie, Wyoming, from 1985 to 1990 and has been at the University of Tennessee since then. He is a member of the Soil Science Society of America, the American Society of Agronomy, Sigma Xi, and Gamma Sigma Delta. He is a fellow of the Soil Science Society of America and the American Society of Agronomy. Dr. Essington’s professional activities include serving as an associate editor and technical editor for the Soil Science Society of America Journal and as soil chemistry division chair and member of the board of directors for the Soil Science Society of America.