Expression and Interpretation of Negation

An OT Typology
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-3162-4
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 279 Seiten

Autoren/Hrsg.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;151044_1_En_BookFrontmatter_OnlinePDF.pdf;1
2;151044_1_En_1_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf;16
2.1;Chapter 1;16
2.1.1;Negation in a Cross-Linguistic Perspective;16
2.1.1.1;1.1 Negation in Logic and Language;16
2.1.1.1.1;1.1.1 Markedness of Negation;17
2.1.1.1.2;1.1.2 Sentence Negation;19
2.1.1.1.3;1.1.3 Square of Oppositions;20
2.1.1.2;1.2 Negation in Typology and Diachronic Linguistics;21
2.1.1.2.1;1.2.1 Preverbal and Postverbal Negation;22
2.1.1.2.2;1.2.2 Discontinuous Negation;23
2.1.1.2.3;1.2.3 The Jespersen Cycle;25
2.1.1.2.4;1.2.4 Negative Indefinites;26
2.1.1.3;1.3 Negative Polarity;27
2.1.1.3.1;1.3.1 Negative Polarity Items as Special Indefinites;27
2.1.1.3.2;1.3.2 Issues in the Study of Negative Polarity Items;30
2.1.1.4;1.4 Negative Concord: Observations and Issues;34
2.1.1.4.1;1.4.1 Negative Polarity and Negative Concord;34
2.1.1.4.2;1.4.2 Distributional Criteria;36
2.1.1.4.3;1.4.3 The Quantificational Status of N-words;41
2.1.1.4.4;1.4.4 Lexical Ambiguities;43
2.1.1.4.5;1.4.5 The Status of Fragment Answers;45
2.1.1.4.6;1.4.6 Toward a Compositional Semantics of Negative Concord;50
2.1.1.5;1.5 A Polyadic Quantifier Analysis of Double Negation and Negative Concord;51
2.1.1.5.1;1.5.1 Compositionality and Ambiguities;52
2.1.1.5.2;1.5.2 The Semantics of Resumptive Negative Quantification;53
2.1.1.5.3;1.5.3 Ambiguities: Iteration and Resumption;56
2.1.1.5.4;1.5.4 Toward a Typology of Negation;58
2.1.1.6;1.6 Negation and Negative Indefinites;59
2.1.1.6.1;1.6.1 Varieties of Negative Concord;59
2.1.1.6.2;1.6.2 The Marker of Sentential Negation in the Debate on Negative Concord;61
2.1.1.6.3;1.6.3 Sentential Negation in the Polyadic Quantifier Approach;63
2.1.1.7;1.7 Outline of the Book;66
3;151044_1_En_2_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf;69
3.1;Chapter 2;69
3.1.1;Expressive and Interpretive Optimization;69
3.1.1.1;2.1 Fundamentals of OT as a Model of Grammar;69
3.1.1.2;2.2 Fundamentals of OT Syntax;72
3.1.1.3;2.3 Fundamentals of OT Semantics;75
3.1.1.4;2.4 Bidirectional Optimality Theory;81
3.1.1.5;2.5 Language Variation and Language Change in Stochastic OT;87
3.1.1.6;2.6 Conclusion;88
4;151044_1_En_3_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf;89
4.1;Chapter 3;89
4.1.1;Markedness of Negation;89
4.1.1.1;3.1 Propositional Negation;90
4.1.1.1.1;3.1.1 A Faithfulness and a Markedness Constraint: FNeg and *Neg;90
4.1.1.1.2;3.1.2 Negation as a Universal Category of Natural Language;93
4.1.1.1.3;3.1.3 Negation in OT Semantics;100
4.1.1.2;3.2 Negation in Users of Sign Language Who have Suffered Brain Damage;101
4.1.1.3;3.3 Typological Variation in the Placement of Negation;106
4.1.1.3.1;3.3.1 Preverbal and Postverbal Negation;106
4.1.1.3.2;3.3.2 Adding Discontinuous Negation;111
4.1.1.3.3;3.3.3 A Typology of the Placement of Negation in Natural Language;113
4.1.1.3.4;3.3.4 Refinements in the Postverbal Domain;114
4.1.1.4;3.4 A Dynamic Analysis of the Jespersen Cycle;117
4.1.1.4.1;3.4.1 Patterns of Diachronic Change;117
4.1.1.4.2;3.4.2 Modeling the Jespersen Cycle in OT;121
4.1.1.4.3;3.4.3 Intermediate Stages: Between Preverbal and Discontinuous Negation;122
4.1.1.4.4;3.4.4 Intermediate Stages: Between Discontinuous and Postverbal Negation;124
4.1.1.4.5;3.4.5 A Note on Pragmatics;126
4.1.1.4.6;3.4.6 Static and Dynamic Models of Language Change;128
4.1.1.5;3.5 Subordinate Clauses and Nonfinite Constructions;129
4.1.1.6;3.6 Conclusion;130
5;151044_1_En_4_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf;131
5.1;Chapter 4;131
5.1.1;A Typology of Negative Indefinites;131
5.1.1.1;4.1 Negative Attraction;132
5.1.1.1.1;4.1.1 Neg-incorporation and Negative Attraction;132
5.1.1.1.2;4.1.2 Interaction Between Negative Attraction and NegFirst;133
5.1.1.1.3;4.1.3 Negative Attraction and NegFirst in Swedish;139
5.1.1.1.4;4.1.4 Toward Multiple Indefinites Under Negation;141
5.1.1.2;4.2 Multiple Indefinites Under Negation: an Empirical Classification;141
5.1.1.2.1;4.2.1 Indefinites Under Negation;141
5.1.1.2.2;4.2.2 Negative Polarity Items;142
5.1.1.2.3;4.2.3 N-words;143
5.1.1.3;4.3 Double Negation and Negative Concord as Instances of Polyadic Quantification;145
5.1.1.3.1;4.3.1 Iteration and Resumption;146
5.1.1.3.2;4.3.2 Cross-Linguistic Variation;148
5.1.1.4;4.4 Marking and Interpretation of Negation in Bidirectional OT;149
5.1.1.4.1;4.4.1 Generation of Double Negation and Negative Concord in OT;149
5.1.1.4.2;4.4.2 Interpretation of Neg-expressions;151
5.1.1.4.3;4.4.3 Reflections on the Bidirectional Grammar;154
5.1.1.5;4.5 Negative Concord and Negative Polarity;157
5.1.1.5.1;4.5.1 Negative Polarity in OT;157
5.1.1.5.2;4.5.2 From Negative Polarity to Negative Concord: a Diachronic Analysis;159
5.1.1.6;4.6 Conclusion;165
6;151044_1_En_5_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf;166
6.1;Chapter 5;166
6.1.1;Sentential Negation and Negative Indefinites;166
6.1.1.1;5.1 Classification of co-occurrence restrictions;166
6.1.1.1.1;5.1.1 Type I: obligatory presence of negation marker (strict NC);167
6.1.1.1.2;5.1.2 Type II: no co-occurrence of negative indefinites and negation marker;168
6.1.1.1.3;5.1.3 Type III: preverbal/Postverbal asymmetry (nonstrict NC);170
6.1.1.2;5.2 Toward an Analysis;171
6.1.1.2.1;5.2.1 Lack of Co-occurrence;171
6.1.1.2.2;5.2.2 Sentential negation in resumptive negative quantification;173
6.1.1.3;5.3 Preverbal/Postverbal Asymmetry;176
6.1.1.4;5.4 Obligatory Marker of Sentential Negation;181
6.1.1.5;5.5 Mixed Cases;186
6.1.1.6;5.6 Two Varieties of French;188
6.1.1.6.1;5.6.1 Negation in Written and Spoken French;189
6.1.1.6.2;5.6.2 Co-occurrence Restrictions Between Negation and Negative Indefinites;190
6.1.1.6.3;5.6.3 Discontinuous Negation Revisited;196
6.1.1.7;5.7 Negation and Negative Indefinites in Welsh;199
6.1.1.8;5.8 Negation and Negative Indefinites in Hungarian;206
6.1.1.9;5.9 Flemish: a Puzzle;212
6.1.1.10;5.10 Negative Doubling and Negative Spread;216
6.1.1.11;5.11 Conclusion;219
7;151044_1_En_6_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf;221
7.1;Chapter 6;221
7.1.1;Double Negation in Negative Concord Languages;221
7.1.1.1;6.1 Affixal Negation;221
7.1.1.2;6.2 Multiple Clause Negation;223
7.1.1.2.1;6.2.1 Negation and Neg-expressions in Different Clauses;223
7.1.1.2.2;6.2.2 Subordinate Clauses Introduced by ‘Without’;225
7.1.1.2.3;6.2.3 Exceptions to Clause Boundedness;227
7.1.1.3;6.3 Ambiguities with Multiple N-words;228
7.1.1.3.1;6.3.1 Empirical Observations;229
7.1.1.3.2;6.3.2 A Stochastic OT Semantics;233
7.1.1.4;6.4 DN and NC Languages in Strong Bidirectional OT;234
7.1.1.5;6.5 Double Negation in NC Languages in Weak Bidirectional OT;240
7.1.1.5.1;6.5.1 Neg-expressions and the Marker of Sentential Negation;240
7.1.1.5.2;6.5.2 Double Negation Readings in Strict Negative Concord Languages;243
7.1.1.5.3;6.5.3 Double Negation Readings in Nonstrict Negative Concord Languages;250
7.1.1.5.4;6.5.4 Concerns About Weak Bidirectional Optimization;253
7.1.1.6;6.6 Conclusion;254
8;151044_1_En_7_Chapter_OnlinePDF.pdf;256
8.1;Chapter 7;256
8.1.1;Conclusion and Further Perspectives;256
8.1.1.1;7.1 Summary of Research;256
8.1.1.1.1;7.1.1 Negation as a Universal Category of Natural Language;257
8.1.1.1.2;7.1.2 Integration of Negation in the Sentence Structure;258
8.1.1.1.3;7.1.3 Neg-expressions, Double Negation, and Negative Concord;259
8.1.1.1.4;7.1.4 Double Negation Readings in Negative Concord Languages;263
8.1.1.2;7.2 Embedding into a Broader Theory of Cognition;264
8.1.1.3;7.3 Perspectives for Further Research;265
8.1.1.4;7.4 Conclusion;267
9;151044_1_En_BookBackmatter_OnlinePDF.pdf;268
9.1;151044_1_En_Ref_Chapter_OnlinePDF;268
9.1.1;Anchor 1;268
9.2;Swart_Index;279