E-Book, Englisch, Band 110/2, 255 Seiten, eBook
Vol 2: Clinical Management
E-Book, Englisch, Band 110/2, 255 Seiten, eBook
Reihe: Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum
ISBN: 978-3-7091-0356-2
Verlag: Springer Wien
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)
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Research
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Weitere Infos & Material
1;Chapter : The Role of Apolipoprotein E in the Pathological Events Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Review;15
1.1;Introduction;15
1.2;APOE and Outcome After SAH;15
1.3;ApoE and Early Brain Injury After SAH;16
1.4;ApoE and Cerebral Vasospasm After SAH;16
1.5;Conclusion;16
1.6;References;16
2;Chapter : Mechanisms of Statin Treatment in Cerebral Vasospasm;18
2.1;Introduction;18
2.2;Materials and Methods;19
2.3;Results;19
2.4;Conclusion;20
2.5;References;20
3;Chapter : The Effect of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Tadalafil on Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in an Experimental;21
3.1;Introduction;21
3.2;Methods and Materials;22
3.2.1;Animal Model;22
3.2.2;Induction of Experimental SAH;22
3.2.3;Perfusion-Fixation;22
3.2.4;Embedding, Morphometry, and Statistical Analysis;22
3.3;Results;22
3.4;Discussion;23
3.5;References;24
4;Chapter : Effect of a Free Radical Scavenger, Edaravone, on Free Radical Reactions: Related Signal Transduction and Cerebral Va;25
4.1;Introduction;25
4.2;Materials and Methods;26
4.2.1;Production of SAH;26
4.2.2;Intravenous Injection of Edaravone;26
4.2.3;Histological Evaluation;26
4.2.4;Western Blotting;26
4.2.5;Statistical Analysis;26
4.3;Results;27
4.3.1;Evaluation of Cerebral Vasospasm (Figs. 1 and 2);27
4.3.2;Expression of Rho-kinase (Fig. 3);27
4.4;Discussion;28
4.5;Conclusion;29
4.6;References;29
5;Chapter : Comparison of Nimodipine Delivery Routes in Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study i;31
5.1;Introduction;31
5.2;Materials and Methods;31
5.2.1;Animal Groups;31
5.2.2;Nimodipine Solution;32
5.2.3;SAH Formation;32
5.2.4;Angiography Procedure;32
5.2.5;Perfusion-Fixation;32
5.2.6;Neurological Parameters;32
5.2.7;Embedding, Morphometry, and Statistical Analysis;33
5.3;Results;33
5.3.1;Pathological Measurements;33
5.3.2;Mortality and Neurological Parameters;33
5.3.3;Angiographic Measurements;34
5.4;Discussion;35
5.5;Conclusion;36
5.6;References;36
6;Chapter : Effect of Recombinant Osteopontin on Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats;37
6.1;Introduction;37
6.2;Materials and Methods;37
6.2.1;Experimental Model of SAH and Study Protocol;37
6.2.2;Neurological Scoring;38
6.2.3;India Ink angiography;38
6.2.4;Severity of SAH;38
6.2.5;Intracerebroventricular Infusion;38
6.2.6;Statistics;39
6.3;Results;39
6.4;Conclusion;39
6.5;References;40
7;Chapter : The Effect of Intracisternal Zn (II) Protoporphyrin IX on Vasospasm Process in the Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrha;41
7.1;Introduction;41
7.2;Methods and Materials;42
7.2.1;Animal Model;42
7.2.2;Induction of Experimental SAH;42
7.2.3;Perfusion-Fixation;42
7.2.4;Embedding, Morphometry, and Statistical Analysis;42
7.3;Results;42
7.4;Discussion;43
7.5;References;44
8;Chapter : Temporal Profile of the Effects of Intracisternal Injection of Magnesium Sulfate Solution on Vasodilation of Spastic ;46
8.1;Introduction;46
8.2;Materials and Methods;47
8.3;Results;47
8.3.1;Temporal Profile of Changes in CSF Mg2+ and Ca2+ Concentrations;47
8.3.2;Temporal Profile of Neuroimaging Changes;48
8.4;Conclusion;48
8.5;References;49
9;Chapter : Comparison of Intrathecal Cilostazol and Nimodipine Treatments in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Experimental Study in R;50
9.1;Introduction;50
9.2;Methods and Materials;51
9.2.1;Induction of SAH;51
9.2.2;Experimental Protocol;51
9.2.3;Statistical Analysis;52
9.3;Results;52
9.4;Discussion;52
9.5;Conclusion;54
9.6;References;55
10;Chapter : Blocking Cerebral Lymphatic Drainage Deteriorates Cerebral Oxidative Injury in Rats with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage;56
10.1;Introduction;56
10.2;Materials and Methods;56
10.2.1;Animal Preparations;56
10.2.2;Arterial Blood Gas and Blood Pressure Monitoring;57
10.2.3;Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Detection;57
10.2.4;Detection of Brain Tissue Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Malonaldehyde Content;57
10.2.5;Statistical Analysis;57
10.3;Results;58
10.3.1;Behavior Observation and SAH Models Verification;58
10.3.2;Arterial Blood Gas and Blood Pressure;58
10.3.3;Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity;58
10.3.4;Brain Tissue Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Malonaldehyde Content;58
10.4;Discussion;58
10.5;References;59
11;Chapter : Comparison of Intrathecal Dotarizine and Nimodipine Treatments in Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A;61
11.1;Introduction;61
11.2;Methods and Materials;62
11.2.1;Animal Model;62
11.2.2;Dotarizine Solution and Vehicle;62
11.2.3;SAH Formation;62
11.2.4;Angiography Procedure;62
11.2.5;Perfusion-Fixation;63
11.2.6;Embedding, Morphometry, and Statistical Analysis;63
11.3;Results;63
11.3.1;Mortality, Morbidity, and Neurological Parameters;63
11.3.2;Pathological Measurements;63
11.3.3;Angiographic Measurements;64
11.4;Discussion;65
11.5;References;66
12;Chapter : Changes of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage and the Therapeutic Effect of Minocycl;67
12.1;Introduction;67
12.2;Materials and Methods;68
12.2.1;Experimental Animals;68
12.2.2;Animal Grouping;68
12.2.3;Establishment of Rat ICH Model;68
12.2.4;Determination of BBB Permeability;68
12.2.5;Sampling and Preparation;68
12.2.6;Expressions of VEGF, NGF and HPS70 Detected by Immunohistochemistry;68
12.2.7;Statistical Analyses;69
12.3;Results;69
12.3.1;Changes of EB Content in Rat Brain Tissue Following ICH;69
12.3.2;VEGF Expression in Brain Tissue Detected by Immunohistochemistry;69
12.3.3;NGF and HSP70 Expressions in Brain Tissue Detected by Immunohistochemistry;69
12.4;Discussion;70
12.5;References;72
13;Chapter : Comparison of Intrathecal Flunarizine and Nimodipine Treatments in Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid;74
13.1;Introduction;74
13.2;Methods and Materials;75
13.2.1;Animal Model;75
13.2.2;SAH Formation;75
13.2.3;Perfusion-Fixation;75
13.2.4;Neurological Parameters;75
13.2.5;Embedding, Morphometry, and Statistical Analysis;75
13.3;Results;76
13.4;Discussion;76
13.5;References;78
14;Chapter : Treatment with Ginsenoside Rb1, A Component of Panax Ginseng, Provides Neuroprotection in Rats Subjected to Subarachn;79
14.1;Introduction;79
14.2;Materials and Methods;80
14.2.1;Randomized Grouping and SAH Model;80
14.2.2;Calculating Mortality;80
14.2.3;Spontaneous Activity Scores;80
14.2.4;Brain Water Content;80
14.2.5;Histological Examination;81
14.2.6;Statistical Analysis;81
14.3;Results;81
14.3.1;Mortality;81
14.3.2;Spontaneous Activity Scores;81
14.3.3;Brain Water Content;81
14.3.4;Histological Examination;81
14.4;Conclusion;83
14.5;References;83
15;Chapter : The Effects of Intrathecal Nicergoline and Nimodipine in Cerebral Vasospasm: An Experimental Study in Rabbits;84
15.1;Introduction;84
15.2;Methods and Materials;85
15.2.1;Animal Model;85
15.2.2;SAH Formation;85
15.2.3;Perfusion-fixation;85
15.2.4;Neurological Parameters;85
15.2.5;Embedding, Morphometry, and Statistical Analysis;85
15.3;Results;85
15.4;Discussion;87
15.5;References;87
16;Chapter : Metabolic Reflow as a Therapy for Ischemic Brain Injury;89
16.1;Introduction;89
16.2;Materials and Methods;90
16.3;Results;91
16.3.1;Effect of TSC on Cerebral Infarction After Permanent Focal Ischemia;91
16.3.2;Effect of TSC on Cerebral Infarction After Temporary Focal Ischemia;91
16.3.3;Effect of TSC on Oxygenation in the Ischemic Penumbra;91
16.4;Discussion;91
16.5;References;92
17;Chapter : The Influence of Cisternal and Ventricular Lavage on Cerebral Vasospasm in Patients Suffering from Subarachnoid Hemor;95
17.1;Introduction;95
17.2;Materials and Methods;95
17.3;Results;96
17.4;Discussion;96
17.5;Conclusion;97
17.6;References;97
18;Chapter : Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae at the Craniocervical Junction: The Relation Between Clinical Symptom and Pattern of Ven;99
18.1;Introduction;99
18.2;Clinical Material and Methods;99
18.3;Results;100
18.4;Selected Cases;101
18.5;Discussion;102
18.6;Conclusion;104
18.7;References;104
19;Chapter : Surgical Procedure and Results of Cisternal Washing Therapy for the Prevention of Cerebral Vasospasm Following SAH;105
19.1;Introduction;105
19.1.1;Surgical Procedure and Postoperative Management;105
19.2;Materials and Methods;106
19.3;Results;107
19.4;Discussion;107
19.5;Conclusion;108
19.6;References;109
20;Chapter : Objective Evaluation of the Treatment Methods of Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery;110
20.1;Introduction;110
20.2;Materials and Methods;110
20.2.1;Patient Population;110
20.2.2;Surgical Methods;111
20.3;Results;111
20.4;Discussion;111
20.5;Conclusion;114
20.6;References;114
21;Chapter : Recurrent Vasospasm After Endovascular Treatment in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage;115
21.1;Introduction;115
21.2;Methods;116
21.2.1;Patient Population;116
21.2.2;Definitions of Vasospasm;116
21.2.3;Medical Management;116
21.2.4;Endovascular Management;116
21.2.5;Clinical and Radiographic Assessment;116
21.2.6;Outcome Measures;117
21.2.7;Statistical Analysis;117
21.3;Results;117
21.4;Discussion;119
21.5;Conclusion;120
21.6;References;120
22;Chapter : Endovascular Embolization for Intracranial Aneurysms: Report of 162 Cases;121
22.1;Subjects and Methods;121
22.1.1;General Information;121
22.1.2;Preoperative Treatment;121
22.1.3;Embolization Materials;122
22.1.4;Postoperative Treatment;122
22.2;Results;122
22.3;Discussion;122
22.4;References;123
23;Chapter : Treatment of Post-hemorrhagic Cerebral Vasospasm: Role of Endovascular Therapy;124
23.1;Clinical Significance;124
23.2;Pathophysiology;124
23.3;Diagnosis;125
23.4;Medical Management;125
23.5;Interventional Treatment of Vasospasm;125
23.5.1;Clinical Indications and Efficacy;125
23.5.2;Techniques and Devices;127
23.5.3;Complication Avoidance and Management;127
23.6;Conclusion;128
23.7;References;128
24;Chapter : Delayed Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated with Antiplatelet Therapy in Stent-Assisted Coil Embolized Cerebral Aneury;130
24.1;Introduction;130
24.2;Patients and Methods;130
24.2.1;Patient Population;130
24.2.2;Drug Regimens;132
24.2.3;Result Comparison;132
24.2.4;Statistical Analysis;132
24.3;Results;132
24.4;Discussion;133
24.5;Conclusion;135
24.6;References;135
25;Chapter : Microsurgical Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: A 120-Case Analysis;137
25.1;Subjects and Methods;137
25.1.1;General Information;137
25.1.2;Preoperative Treatment;137
25.1.3;Surgical Procedures;138
25.1.4;Postoperative Treatment;138
25.2;Results;138
25.3;Discussion;138
25.4;References;139
26;Chapter : Clazosentan: Prevention of Cerebral Vasospasm and the Potential to Overcome Infarction;141
26.1;Introduction;141
26.2;Materials and Methods;142
26.3;Results;142
26.4;Discussion;142
26.5;Conclusion;144
26.6;References;144
27;Chapter : Current Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Advanced Age;145
27.1;Introduction;145
27.2;Material and Methods;145
27.2.1;Illustrative Cases;146
27.3;Results;146
27.4;Discussion;146
27.5;Conclusions;148
27.6;References;149
28;Chapter : A Numerical Approach to Patient-Specific Cerebral Vasospasm Research;150
28.1;Introduction;150
28.2;Methods;151
28.3;Results;151
28.4;Discussion;151
28.5;Conclusion;151
28.6;References;153
29;Chapter : Evidenced Based Guidelines for the Management of Good Grade Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Patients in Leeds, UK;154
29.1;Introduction;154
29.2;Methods;154
29.3;Results;154
29.3.1;Nursing and Physiotherapy;154
29.3.2;Surgery;155
29.3.3;Critical Care;155
29.3.4;Interventional Neuro-radiology;156
29.4;Discussion;156
29.5;References;157
30;Chapter : Clinical Trial of Nicardipine Prolonged-Release Implants for Preventing Cerebral Vasospasm: Multicenter Cooperative S;158
30.1;Introduction;158
30.2;Methods and Materials;158
30.2.1;Development of NP;158
30.2.2;Patient Population and Management;159
30.3;Results;159
30.4;Discussion;160
30.5;References;160
31;Chapter : Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Current Status;161
31.1;Introduction;161
31.2;Materials and Methods;161
31.3;Results;162
31.4;Discussion;164
31.5;References;164
32;Chapter : Predictors Analysis of Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage;166
32.1;Introduction;166
32.2;Materials and Methods;166
32.3;Results;167
32.4;Discussion;167
32.5;Conclusion;169
32.6;References;169
33;Chapter : Intra-arterial Administration of Fasudil Hydrochloride for Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Experience o;170
33.1;Introduction;170
33.2;Materials and Methods;170
33.3;Results;170
33.4;Discussion;172
33.5;References;172
34;Role of Controlled Lumbar CSF Drainage for ICP Control in Aneurysmal SAH;173
34.1;Introduction;173
34.2;Methods;174
34.3;Results;174
34.4;Discussion;175
34.5;Conclusion;176
34.6;References;176
35;Chronic Hydrocephalus After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Space Hemorrhage;178
35.1;Introduction;178
35.2;Clinical Data and Method;178
35.2.1;General Information;178
35.2.2;Clinical Manifestation;178
35.2.3;Imaging Examination;178
35.2.4;Treatment;179
35.2.5;Prognosis;179
35.2.6;Statistical Treatment;179
35.3;Result;179
35.4;Discussion;179
35.5;Conclusion;179
35.6;References;180
36;Statins in the Management of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Overview of Animal Research, Observational Studies, Random;182
36.1;Introduction;182
36.2;Literature Review;183
36.2.1;Search Strategy;183
36.2.2;Experimental Studies in Animals;183
36.2.3;Biological Effects in Humans;185
36.2.4;Physiological Effects in Humans;185
36.2.5;Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-Analyses;185
36.2.6;Observational Studies;187
36.3;Conclusions;188
36.4;References;189
37;New Modalities to Assess Efficacy of Triple-H Therapy: Early Experience;191
37.1;Introduction;191
37.2;Materials and Methods;191
37.3;Results;192
37.4;Discussion;194
37.5;Conclusions;195
37.6;References;195
38;Nicardipine Pellets for the Prevention of Cerebral Vasospasm;196
38.1;Introduction;196
38.2;Material and Methods;196
38.3;Results;197
38.4;Discussion;198
38.5;Conclusion;198
38.6;References;198
39;Neuromonitoring in Intensive Care: A New Brain Tissue Probe for Combined Monitoring of Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Cerebral Bl;201
39.1;Introduction;201
39.2;Methods;201
39.3;Results;202
39.4;Discussion;203
39.5;Conclusion;204
39.6;Disclosures;204
39.7;References;204
40;Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A 3D Rotational Angiography Study;205
40.1;Introduction;205
40.2;Materials and Methods;206
40.3;Results;206
40.4;Discussion;208
40.5;Conclusion;208
40.6;References;209
41;Value of Noninvasive Imaging in Follow-Up of Intracranial Aneurysm;210
41.1;Introduction;210
41.2;Clinical Materials and Methods;210
41.2.1;Patients;210
41.2.2;Image Acquisition;211
41.2.3;Image Interpretation;211
41.3;Result;211
41.4;Discussion;212
41.5;Conclusion;214
41.6;References;214
42;Neuroimaging Research on Cerebrovascular Spasm and Its Current Progress;216
42.1;Introduction;216
42.2;Transcranial Doppler (TCD);216
42.3;Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA);217
42.4;Perfusion Computed Tomography (PCT) and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA);217
42.5;Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DWI) and Perfusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PWI);218
42.6;Conclusion;219
42.7;References;219
43;Detection and Characterization of Intracranial Aneurysms with Dual-Energy Subtraction CTA: Comparison with DSA;221
43.1;Introduction;221
43.2;Materials and Methods;222
43.2.1;Patients;222
43.2.2;Subtraction CTA Protocol;222
43.2.3;DSA Protocol;222
43.2.4;Image Analysis;222
43.2.5;Statistical Analysis;223
43.3;Results;223
43.4;Discussion;223
43.5;Conclusion;226
43.6;References;226
44;Author_Index_o.pdf;228
45;Subject_Index_o.pdf;231
