Fink Encyclopedia of Stress

2. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-08-054796-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 3000 Seiten

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fink, George

Leseproben

Chapter 267: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children Traumatic Events Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children: Clinical Picture Prevalence and Developmental Course Demographic Trends Factors that Precipitate Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children Assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Children See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 268: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder – neurobiological basis for General Considerations Physiological Measures Brain Imaging See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 269: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Biology and Phenomenology Animal Models for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Systems Involved in Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Effects of Stress on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Concluding Remarks See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 270: Psychotic Disorders Stress in Psychotic Disorders: Conceptual Framework Stressful Life Events and Psychosis Natural Disasters and Psychotic Disorders Expressed Emotion as a Stressor Treatment as Protection against Stress and Psychosis Glossary Chapter 271: Revenge Fantasies Biological Issues Social Issues Psychological Issues Treatment Issues Conclusion See Also the Following Articles Chapter 272: Schizophrenia Introduction Schizophrenia: Definition and Etiology The Effects of External Stressors: Expressed Emotion and Life Events The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical (HPA) Axis and Schizophrenia Stress, Early Development, and Schizophrenia: Neurobiological Findings Treatment Implications of the Vulnerability-Stress Model of Schizophrenia: Psychosocial Treatment Strategies Conclusion See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 273: Sexual Assault Prevalence of Traumatic Events and Sexual Assault Psychological Sequelae of Sexual Assault Treatment of Sexual Assault-Related PTSD Predictors of PTSD Conclusion See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 274: Sexual Offenders General Considerations Definitional Considerations Treatment of Sex Offenders Concluding Remarks See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 275: Social support in trauma Social Support and Traumatic Events Fluctuating Social Support in Times of Crisis Social Support and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 276: Stress of Self Esteem The Role of Personality in the Perception of Stress The Importance of Self-esteem and Locus of Control in the Perception of Stress Endocrinological Evidence for the Role of Self-esteem and Locus of Control in the Perception of Stress The Hippocampus as a Possible Mediator of the Relationship between Self-esteem, Locus of Control, and Stress Conclusion: Personality Variables, Brain Structures, and Stress Responses in a Developmental Context See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 277: Suicide, Biology of Introduction A Model for Understanding Suicidal Behavior Stressors: Triggers for Suicidal Behavior Risk Factors Influencing the Threshold for Suicidal Behavior Summary Glossary Chapter 278: Trans-sexualism Introduction and Definitions Childhood Experiences of Transsexual People Factors that Discourage Transition The Transition Process Hormonal and Surgical Changes Health Effects of Stress for Transsexual People Religion and the Transsexual Person Violence and Fear Intimacy and the Transsexual Person Aging and Death and the Transsexual Person Conclusion Glossary Chapter 279: Violence Types of Biological Influences Summary See Also the Following Articles Glossary Immunology, Infection and Inflammation Chapter 280: Antibody Response What Is an Antibody Response? Stress Proteins as Antigens Stress and Antibody Response in Animals Stress and Antibody Response in Humans Stress, Antibodies, and Human Disease Conclusions See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 281: Autoimmunity How Can an Autoimmune Disease Be Initiated and How Can Stress Contribute to the Process? If Stress Suppresses Immune Function, How Does Stress Predispose to the Development of Autoimmune Disease? The Relationship of Stress to Specific Autoimmune Diseases Summation See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 282: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides – role in inflammation The Corticotropin Releasing Factor Family of Neuropeptides and Their Receptors The Inflammatory Response Corticotropin Releasing Factor Peptides and Immune Cells Corticotropin Releasing Factor Peptides Modulate Inflammation at a Local Paracrine Level Corticotropin Releasing Factor Antagonists as New Therapeutic Agents of Inflammatory Diseases See also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 283: Cytokines Relationships between Stress and Immunity Impact of Stress and Behavior on Cytokine Expression Impact of Cytokines on Stress and Behavior Summary Glossary Chapter 284: Cytokines, Stress, and Depression Introduction Psychological Stress and Activation of the Endocrine System Stress and the Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors Depression and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis The Chronic Effects of Stress: Depression and Neurotoxicity Changes in Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Depression Conclusion See Also the Following Article Glossary Chapter 285: Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Types of Cytotoxic Effector Cells Mechanisms of Target Cell Killing Effects of Stress Hormones on Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Effects of Stress on Cytolytic Lymphocytes Stress, Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, and Human Diseases See Also the Following Article Glossary Chapter 286: Herpesviruses Introduction Virology Immunobiology and Recurrent Disease Stress and Herpesvirus Reactivation Conclusion See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 287: HIV Infection/AlDS Stress Associated with Initial Testing for HIV Stress Associated with the Presence of HIV Disease Stress for Family and Friends of HIV-Infected Individuals Stress for the Health-Care Team See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 288: Immune Cell Distribution, Effects of Stress on Introduction Stress The Immune System Stress-Induced Changes in Blood Leukocytes Hormones Mediating a Stress-Induced Decrease in Blood Leukocytes A Stress-Induced Decrease in Blood Leukocyte Numbers Represents a Redistribution Rather than a Destruction or Net Loss of Blood Leukocytes Target Organs of a Stress-Induced Redistribution of Blood Leukocytes Stress-Induced Redistribution of Blood Leukocytes Conclusion See Also the Following Articles Glossary Chapter 289: Immune Function, Stress-lnduced Enhancement of Stress The Immune System General Assumption: Stress Suppresses Immune Function and is Detrimental to Health – Reasons for Modifying This General Assumption Studies Showing Stress-Induced Enhancement of Immune Function Functional Implications The Stress Spectrum Hypothesis Conclusion Glossary Chapter 290: Immune Response Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Recognition of Pathogens and Other Antigens Generation of the Immune Response The Anatomy of the Immune Response Protective Immune Response Avoidance of Harmful Immune Responses Neuroendocrine–Immune Interactions See Also the Following...