Finn / Scheding Developments and Challenges for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles

A Compendium
1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-3-642-10704-7
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 3, 230 Seiten

Reihe: Intelligent Systems Reference Library

It is widely anticipated that autonomous vehicles will have a transformational impact on military forces and will play a key role in many future force structures. As a result, many tasks have already been identified that unmanned systems could undertake more readily than humans. However, for this to occur, such systems will need to be agile, versatile, persistent, reliable, survivable and lethal. This will require many of the vehicles ‘cognitive’ or higher order functions to be more fully developed, whereas to date only the ‘component’ or physical functions have been successfully automated and deployed.

The book draws upon a broad range of others’ work with a view to providing a product that is greater than the sum of its parts. The discussion is intentionally approached from the perspective of improving understanding rather than providing solutions or drawing firm conclusions. Consequently, researchers reading this book with the hope of uncovering some novel theory or approach to automating an unmanned vehicle will be as disappointed as the capability planner who anticipates a catalogue of technical risks and feasibility options against his favoured list of component technologies and potential applications. Nevertheless, it is hoped that both will at least learn something of the other’s world and that progress will ensue as a result.

Professor Hugh Durrant-Whyte

Autoren/Hrsg.

Finn, Anthony

Scheding, Steve

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title Page;2
2;Foreword;7
3;Preface;9
4;Contents;12
5;Table of Figures;14
6;Introduction;15
7;Background;19
7.1;Early UVS;19
7.2;Modern UVS;29
7.3;Looking Forward;39
8;Autonomous UVS;48
8.1;UVS Components;48
8.2;UVS Architectures;52
8.3;Human-UVS Interaction;54
8.3.1;Human-Machine Interfaces;62
8.3.2;Supervisory Workloads;63
9;UVS Technology Issues;68
9.1;Technology Challenges;68
9.2;Contextual Decision-Making;72
9.2.1;Planning in Dynamic Environments;78
9.3;Verification and Validation;81
9.3.1;Trust and Reliability in UVS;82
9.3.2;Systems V&V for Autonomous UVS;85
9.3.3;Simulation-Based V&V;91
9.3.4;Health and Usage Monitoring;93
9.4;Multi-vehicle Systems;95
9.4.1;Multi-UAV ISTAR Example;100
9.4.2;Multi-UVS Coordination;104
9.4.3;Autonomous Multi-UVS Task Allocation;107
9.4.4;Multi-UVS Navigation, Localisation and Mapping;112
9.4.5;Capability and Systems Integration;115
10;Force-Integration of UVS;117
10.1;Capability Challenges;117
10.1.1;Policy Considerations;120
10.1.2;Training and Maintenance;121
10.2;A Systems Approach to UVS Analysis;124
10.3;Simulating UVS;130
10.3.1;Interactive Simulation;136
10.4;Measuring the Effectiveness of UVS;140
10.4.1;Measuring the Force Effectiveness of UVS;141
10.4.2;Measuring the Systems Performance of UVS;150
10.4.3;Measuring UVS Performance;158
11;Legal Issues for UVS;167
11.1;Legal Issues for UVS Platforms;168
11.1.1;Maritime Vehicles;169
11.1.2;The Legal Status of UMVs;169
11.1.3;Operations in Ocean Areas;171
11.1.4;Navigation Environment;171
11.1.5;Air Vehicles;173
11.1.6;Ground Vehicles;176
11.2;UVS and Tort Law;177
11.3;UVS and the Law of Armed Conflict;180
11.3.1;The Law of Armed Conflict;183
11.3.2;UVS and Jus ad Bellum;188
11.3.3;Autonomous Weapons;190
11.4;Accountability and Liability;192
11.4.1;Legal Personality for UVS;196
11.4.2;UVS as Tools;197
11.4.3;Human Intervention;198
11.4.4;Technical Equivalence;198
11.4.5;UVS as Agents;199
11.4.6;Separate Legal Personality;200
11.4.7;Impediments to Artificial Agency;201
11.4.8;Technical Impediments to Agency;203
11.4.9;Is the UVS the Real Decision-Maker?;204
11.5;Ethical Control of UVS;206
11.5.1;Could UVS Ethically Out-Perform Humans;208
11.5.2;Implementation Issues;210
11.5.3;Architectural Considerations;214
12;Concluding Remarks;220
13;References;223
14;Acronymns;238