Fischer Digital Video and Audio Broadcasting Technology

A Practical Engineering Guide
Fourth Auflage 2020
ISBN: 978-3-030-32185-7
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 1051 Seiten

Reihe: Signals and Communication Technology

This practical guide offers all important digital television, sound radio, and multimedia standards such as MPEG, DVB, DVD, DAB, ATSC, T-DMB, DMB-T, DRM and ISDB-T. It provides an in-depth look at these subjects in terms of practical experience. In addition explains the basics of essential topics like analog television, digital modulation, COFDM or mathematical transformations between time and frequency domains. The fourth edition addresses many new developments and features of digital broadcasting. Especially it includes Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV), 4K, HEVC / H.265 (High Efficiency Video Coding), DVB-T2 measurement techniques and practice, DOCSIS 3.1, DVB - S2X, and 3DTV, as well as VHF-FM radio, HDMI, terrestrial transmitters, and stations. In the center of the treatments are always measuring techniques and of measuring practice for each case consolidating the knowledge imparted with numerous practical examples. The book is directed primarily at the specialist working in the field, on transmitters and transmission equipment, network planning, studio technology, playout centers and multiplex center technology and in the development departments for entertainment electronics or TV test engineering. Since the entire field of electrical communications technology is traversed in a wide arc, those who are students in this field are not excluded either. 

Walter Fischer, Dipl.Ing.(FH), born 2.6.1961, Studies of Electrical Engineering 1979-83, diploma thesis in technique of TV measurement at Prof. Mäusl, FH München. Since 1985 employed at Rohde&Schwarz Munich. Until 1999 in the area of development of technique of TV measurement. Since 1999 coach at Rohde&Schwarz Training Center Munich for the sector analog and digital technique of TV. Numerous seminars in the field of DVB world wide (more than 3000 participants).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fischer, Walter

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface to the Fourth Edition;6
2;Table of Contents;8
3;1 Introduction;23
4;2 Analog Television;33
4.1;2.1 Scanning an Original Black/White Picture;36
4.2;2.2 Horizontal and Vertical Synchronization Pulses;38
4.3;2.3 Adding the Color Information;40
4.4;2.4 Transmission Methods;43
4.5;2.5 Distortion and Interference;44
4.6;2.6 Signals in the Vertical Blanking Interval;46
4.7;2.7 Measurements on Analog Video Signals;50
4.8;2.8 Analog and Digital TV in a Broadband Cable Network;55
5;3 The MPEG Data Stream;57
5.1;3.1 MPEG-Standards and Applications;58
5.2;3.2 The MPEG-2 Transport Stream;63
5.3;3.3 The Packetized Elementary Stream (PES);66
5.4;3.4 The MPEG-2 Transport Stream Packet;69
5.5;3.5 Information for the Receiver;73
5.6;3.6 The PSIP according to the ATSC;104
5.7;3.7 ARIB Tables according to ISDB-T;107
5.8;3.8 DTMB (China) Tables;109
5.9;3.9 Other Important Details of the MPEG-2 Transport Stream;109
6;4 Digital Video Signal According to ITU-BT.R.601 (CCIR 601);112
7;5 Video Signal Formats for HDTV and UHDTV;117
7.1;5.1 Image Formats;118
7.2;5.2 Uncompressed HDTV Baseband Signal;120
7.3;5.3 Physical Video Interface Signals Up To UHDTV;123
8;6 Transforms to and from the Frequency Domain;126
8.1;6.1 The Fourier Transform;128
8.2;6.2 The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT);130
8.3;6.3 The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT);132
8.4;6.4 Implementation and Practical Applications of DFT andFFT;134
8.5;6.5 The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT);134
8.6;6.6 Time Domain Signals and their Transforms in theFrequency Domain;138
8.7;6.7 Systematic Errors in DFT or FFT, and How to Preventthem;140
8.8;6.8 Window Functions;143
9;7 Video Coding (MPEG-2, MPEG-4/AVC, HEVC);144
9.1;7.1 Video Compression;145
9.2;7.2 Summary;165
9.3;7.3 Structure of the Video Elementary Stream;168
9.4;7.4 More Recent Video Compression Methods;171
9.5;7.5 MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding;171
9.6;7.6 HEVC ? High Efficiency Video Coding, UHDTV;179
10;8 Audio Coding;195
10.1;8.1 Digital Audio Source Signal;195
10.2;8.2 History of Audio Coding;196
10.3;8.3 Psychoacoustic Model of the Human Ear;199
10.4;8.4 Basic Principles of Audio Coding;203
10.5;8.5 Subband Coding in Accordance with MPEG Layer I, II;205
10.6;8.6 Transform Coding for MPEG Layer III and Dolby Digital;207
10.7;8.7 Multichannel Sound;209
10.8;8.8 New Developments - MPEG-4;210
11;9 Teletext, Subtitles and VPS for DVB;212
11.1;9.1 Teletext and Subtitles;212
11.2;9.2 Video Program System;216
11.3;9.3 WSS – Wide Screen Signalling;218
11.4;9.4 Practical examples;220
11.5;9.5 Further Program Associated Data;222
12;10 Physical AV Interface Signals;223
12.1;10.1 Physical Interfaces for Digital Video Signals;225
12.2;10.2 "CCIR 601" Parallel and Serial Interface;226
12.3;10.3 Synchronous Parallel Transport Stream Interface (TS PARALLEL);227
12.4;10.4 Asynchronous Serial Transport Stream Interface(TS-ASI);231
12.5;10.5 SMPTE310 Interface;232
12.6;10.6 ISDB-T BCMUX;233
12.7;10.7 DVI Interface;233
12.8;10.8 HD-SDI interface;235
12.9;10.9 DVB-IP interface;235
12.10;10.10 SDI over IP, AVB;236
12.11;10.11 HDMI – High Definition Multimedia Interface;236
13;11 Measurements on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream;247
13.1;11.1 Loss of Synchronisation (TS_sync_loss);249
13.2;11.2 Errored Sync Bytes (sync_byte_error);250
13.3;11.3 Missing or Errored Program Association Table (PAT) (PAT_error);250
13.4;11.4 Missing or Errored Program Map Table (PMT) (PMT_error);251
13.5;11.5 The PID_Error;252
13.6;11.6 The Continuity_Count_Error;253
13.7;11.7 The Transport_Error (Priority 2);254
13.8;11.8 The Cyclic Redundancy Check Error;255
13.9;11.9 The Program Clock Reference Error (PCR_Error, PCR_Accuracy);255
13.10;11.10 The Presentation Time Stamp Error (PTS_Error);257
13.11;11.11 The Conditional Access Table Error (CAT_Error);258
13.12;11.12 Service Information Repetition Rate Error(SI_Repetition_Error);259
13.13;11.13 Monitoring the NIT, SDT, EIT, RST and TDT/TOTTables;260
13.14;11.14 Undefined PIDs (Unreferenced_PID);260
13.15;11.15 Errors in the Transmission of Additional Service Information;261
13.16;11.16 Faulty tables NIT_other_error, SDT_other_error, EIT_other_error;262
13.17;11.17 Monitoring an ATSC-Compliant MPEG-2 Transport Stream;262
14;12 Picture Quality Analysis of Digital TV Signals;265
14.1;12.1 Methods for Measuring Video Quality;267
14.2;12.2 Objective Picture Quality Analysis;269
14.3;12.3 Summary and Outlook;275
15;13 Basic Principles of Digital Modulation;277
15.1;13.1 Introduction;277
15.2;13.2 Mixer;279
15.3;13.3 Amplitude Modulator;281
15.4;13.4 IQ Modulator;283
15.5;13.5 The IQ Demodulator;291
15.6;13.6 Use of the Hilbert transform in IQ modulation;296
15.7;13.7 Practical Applications of the Hilbert Transform;298
15.8;13.8 Channel Coding/Forward Error Correction;300
15.9;13.9 A Comparison to Analog Modulation Methods;304
15.10;13.10 Band Limiting of Modulated Carrier Signals;314
15.11;13.11 Summary;317
16;14 Transmitting Digital Television Signals bySatellite - DVB-S/S2/S2x;319
16.1;14.1 The DVB-S System Parameters;322
16.2;14.2 The DVB-S Modulator;324
16.3;14.3 Convolutional Coding;330
16.4;14.4 Signal Processing in the Satellite;335
16.5;14.5 The DVB-S Receiver;336
16.6;14.6 Influences Affecting the Satellite Transmission Link;339
16.7;14.7 DVB-S2;343
16.8;14.8 DVB-S2X – Extensions in the DVB-S2 Standard;350
17;15 DVB-S/S2 Measuring Technology;356
17.1;15.1 Introduction;356
17.2;15.2 Measuring Bit Error Ratios;357
17.3;15.3 Measurements on DVB-S Signals using a SpectrumAnalyzer;359
17.4;15.4 Modulation Error Ratio (MER);364
17.5;15.5 Measuring the Shoulder Attenuation;365
17.6;15.6 DVB-S/S2 Receiver Test;366
17.7;15.7 Measurements on a Satellite Antenna System;368
18;16 Broadband Cable Transmission According to DVB-C;371
18.1;16.1 The DVB-C Standard;373
18.2;16.2 The DVB-C Modulator;375
18.3;16.3 The DVB-C Receiver;377
18.4;16.4 Interference Effects on the DVB-C Transmission Link;378
19;17 Broadband Cable Transmission According toITU-T J83B (US);381
19.1;17.1 J83B Transmission Parameters;383
19.2;17.2 J83B Baseband Input Signals;384
19.3;17.3 Forward Error Correction;384
19.4;17.4. Calculation of the Net Data Rate;386
19.5;17.5 Roll-off Filtering;387
19.6;17.6 Fall-off-the-Cliff;387
20;18 Measuring Digital TV Signals in the BroadbandCable;390
20.1;18.1 DVB-C/J83A, B, C Test Receivers with ConstellationAnalysis;391
20.2;18.2 Detecting Interference Effects Using ConstellationAnalysis;395
20.3;18.3 Measuring the Bit Error Ratio (BER);404
20.4;18.4 Using a Spectrum Analyzer for Measuring DVB-CSignals;405
20.5;18.5 Measuring the Shoulder Attenuation;407
20.6;18.6 Measuring the Ripple or Tilt in the Channel;408
20.7;18.7 DVB-C/J83A/B/C Receiver Test;408
21;19 Coded Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplex (COFDM);411
21.1;19.1 Why Multi-Carrier?;413
21.2;19.2 What is COFDM?;416
21.3;19.3 Generating the COFDM Symbols;421
21.4;19.4 Supplementary Signals in the COFDM Spectrum;431
21.5;19.5 Hierarchical Modulation;435
21.6;19.6 Summary;435
22;20 Terrestrial Transmission of Digital TelevisionSignals (DVB-T);437
22.1;20.1 The DVB-T Standard;439
22.2;20.2 The DVB-T Carriers;441
22.3;20.3 Hierarchical Modulation;447
22.4;20.4 DVB-T System Parameters of the 8/7/6 MHz Channel;449
22.5;20.5 The DVB-T Modulator and Transmitter;458
22.6;20.6 The DVB-T Receiver;461
22.7;20.7 Interference on the DVB-T Transmission Link and itsEffects;466
22.8;20.8 DVB-T Single-Frequency Networks (SFN);474
22.9;20.9 Minimum Receiver Input Level Required with DVB-T;482
23;21 Measuring DVB-T Signals;488
23.1;21.1 Measuring the Bit Error Ratio;490
23.2;21.2 Measuring DVB-T Signals Using a SpectrumAnalyzer;492
23.3;21.3 Constellation Analysis of DVB-T Signals;496
23.4;21.4 Measuring the Crest Factor;511
23.5;21.5 Measuring the Amplitude, Phase and Group DelayResponse;512
23.6;21.6 Measuring the Impulse Response;513
24;22 DVB-H/DVB-SH - Digital Video Broadcastingfor Handhelds;518
24.1;22.1 Introduction;518
24.2;22.2 Convergence between Mobile Radio andBroadcasting;520
24.3;22.3 Essential Parameters of DVB-H;522
24.4;22.4 DSM-CC Sections;522
24.5;22.5 Multiprotocol Encapsulation;524
24.6;22.6 DVB-H Standard;525
24.7;22.7 Summary;530
24.8;22.8 DVB-SH;531
25;23 Digital Terrestrial TV to North American ATSCStandard;534
25.1;23.1 The 8VSB Modulator;539
25.2;23.2 8VSB Gross Data Rate and Net Data Rate;547
25.3;23.3 The ATSC Receiver;549
25.4;23.4 Causes of Interference on the ATSC TransmissionPath;549
25.5;23.5 ATSC-M/H Mobile DTV;550
25.6;23.6 Closed Captioning;559
25.7;23.7 Current Status of ATSC;560
26;24 ATSC/8VSB Measurements;562
26.1;24.1 Bit Error Ratio (BER) Measurement;562
26.2;24.2 8VSB Measurements Using a Spectrum Analyzer;563
26.3;24.3 Constellation Analysis on 8VSB Signals;564
26.4;24.4 Measuring Amplitude Response and Group DelayResponse;567
26.5;24.5. Further Measurements;570
27;25 Digital Terrestrial Television according toISDB-T;571
27.1;25.1 Introduction;571
27.2;25.2 ISDB-T Concept;572
27.3;25.4 Forming Layers;574
27.4;25.5 Baseband Encoding;575
27.5;25.6 Changes in the Transport Stream Structure;575
27.6;25.7 Block Diagram;577
27.7;25.8 Channel Tables;578
27.8;25.9 Performance of ISDB-T;579
27.9;25.10 Other ISDB Standards;581
27.10;25.11 ISDB-T measurements;581
27.11;25.12 Summary;583
28;26 Digital Audio Broadcasting – DAB/DAB+;584
28.1;26.1 Comparing DAB and DVB;586
28.2;26.2 An Overview of DAB;589
28.3;26.3 The Physical Layer of DAB;594
28.4;26.4 DAB – Forward Error Correction;606
28.5;26.5 DAB Modulator and Transmitter;611
28.6;26.6 DAB Data Structure;615
28.7;26.7 DAB Single-Frequency Networks;620
28.8;26.8 DAB Data Broadcasting;622
28.9;26.9 DAB+;623
28.10;26.10 DAB/DAB+ Multiplex Signal Formats;625
28.11;26.11 DAB Measuring Technology;626
28.12;26.11.1 Testing DAB Receivers;626
28.13;26.11.2 Measuring the DAB Signal;627
29;27 DVB Data Services: MHP and SSU;632
29.1;27.1 Data Broadcasting in DVB;633
29.2;27.2 Object Carousels;634
29.3;27.3 The Multimedia Home Platform MHP;636
29.4;27.4 System Software Update SSU;638
30;28 T-DMB;640
31;29 IPTV – Television over the Internet;642
31.1;29.1 DVB-IP;644
31.2;29.2 IP Interface Replaces TS-ASI;645
31.3;29.3 OTT – Over the TOP TV;646
32;30 DRM – Digital Radio Mondiale;647
32.1;30.1 Audio source encoding;651
32.2;30.2 Forward Error Correction;651
32.3;30.3 Modulation Method;652
32.4;30.4 Frame structure;653
32.5;30.5 Interference on the transmission link;654
32.6;30.6 DRM data rates;655
32.7;30.7 DRM transmitting stations and DRM receivers;656
32.8;30.8 DRM+;657
33;31 Single-Frequency Networks in DVB-T in Practice;658
33.1;31.1 SFN Measurement Parameters;659
33.1.1;31.1.1 Guard Interval Violation;663
33.1.2;31.1.2 Pre-echoes;665
33.1.3;31.1.3 The 0-dB Echo;665
33.1.4;31.1.4 Quasi Mobile Receiving Situation;666
33.1.5;31.1.5 Transmission of Non-Identical TPS Bits;666
33.1.6;31.1.6 Frequency Accuracy of the Transmitters;667
33.2;31.2 Practical Examples;667
33.2.1;31.2.1 Pre-echoes;670
33.2.2;31.2.2 The 0-dB Echoes;670
33.2.3;31.2.3 Quasi Mobile Channel;670
33.2.4;31.2.4 TPS Bits;670
33.2.5;31.2.5 Mobile DVB-T Reception;672
33.2.5.1;31.2.5.1 AWGN channel;673
33.2.5.2;31.2.5.2 Doppler Shift;673
33.2.5.3;31.2.5.3 Stationary Multi-path Reception;674
33.2.5.4;31.2.5.4 Mobile Multi-path Reception;675
33.2.5.5;31.2.5.5 Mobile Rice Channel;675
33.2.5.6;31.2.5.6 Rayleigh Channel;675
33.3;31.3 Response of DVB-T Receivers;677
33.4;31.4 Receiver Test;678
33.4.1;33.4.1 Minimum Receiver Input Level in the AWGN Channel;679
33.4.2;31.4.2 Minimum SNR;679
33.4.3;31.4.3 Adjacent-Channel Occupancy;679
33.4.4;31.4.4 Co-channel Reception;680
33.4.5;31.4.5 Multi-path Reception;680
33.4.6;31.4.6 Channel Search;680
33.4.7;31.4.7 Booting Speed and Action;680
33.4.8;31.4.8 Program Change;680
33.4.9;31.4.9 Teletext;681
33.4.10;31.4.10 VPS Functions;681
33.4.11;31.4.11 Dynamic PSI/SI Tables;681
33.4.12;31.4.12 Firmware Configuration;681
33.4.13;31.4.13 Miscellaneous;682
33.5;31.5 Network Planning;682
33.6;31.6 Filling the Gaps in the Coverage;682
33.7;31.7 Fall-off-the-Cliff;685
33.8;31.8 Summary;686
34;32 DTMB;687
34.1;32.1 DMB-T, or now DTMB;687
34.2;32.2 Some more Details;688
35;33 DOCSIS – Data over Cable Service Interface Specification;692
35.1;33.1 Downstream;692
35.2;33.2 Upstream;694
35.3;33.3 CMTS and Cable Modem;695
35.4;33.4 The Development of DOCSIS;695
35.5;33.5 Data Streams – Continuous and Time Slot-Based (TDMA);700
35.6;33.6 Modulation – Single- and Multi-Carrier Schemes on the Cable;700
35.7;33.7 DOCSIS 3.1;702
35.8;33.8 Outlook;718
36;34 Display Technologies;720
36.1;34.1 Previous Converter Systems - the Nipkow Disk;722
36.2;34.2 The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT);724
36.3;34.3 The Plasma Screen;728
36.4;34.4 The Liquid Crystal Display Screen;729
36.5;34.5 Digital Light Processing Systems;731
36.6;34.6 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes;731
36.7;34.7 Effects on Image Reproduction;731
36.8;34.8 Compensation Methods;734
36.9;34.9 Test Methods;734
36.10;34.10 Current State of the Technology;735
37;35 The New Generation of DVB Standards;737
37.1;35.1 Overview of the DVB Standards;738
37.2;35.2 Characteristics of the Old and the New Standards;739
37.3;35.3 Capabilities and Aims of the New DVB Standards;740
38;36 Baseband Signals for DVB-x2;742
38.1;36.1 Input Signal Formats;742
38.1.1;36.1.1 MPEG-2 Transport Streams - TS;743
38.1.2;36.1.2 Generic Fixed Packetized Streams - GFPS;744
38.1.3;36.1.3 Generic Continuous Streams - GCS;744
38.1.4;36.1.4 Generic Encapsulated Streams - GSE;745
38.2;36.2 Signal Processing and Conditioning in the Modulator Input Section;745
38.2.1;36.2.1 Single Input Stream;746
38.2.2;36.2.2 Multiple Input Streams;749
38.3;36.3 Standard-related Special Features;752
38.3.1;36.3.1 DVB-S2;752
38.3.2;36.3.2 DVB-T2;753
38.3.3;36.3.3 DVB-C2;759
38.3.4;36.3.4 DVB-S2X;760
39;37 DVB-T2;761
39.1;37.1 Introduction;761
39.2;37.2 Theoretical Maximum Channel Capacity;762
39.3;37.3 DVB-T2 - Overview;763
39.4;37.4 Baseband Interface;764
39.5;37.5 Forward Error Correction;766
39.6;37.6 COFDM Parameters;770
39.6.1;37.6.1 Normal Carrier Mode;773
39.6.2;37.6.2 Extended Carrier Mode;773
39.7;37.7 Modulation Patterns;776
39.7.1;37.7.1 Normal Constellation Diagrams;776
39.7.2;37.7.2 Definition of 'Cell';778
39.7.3;37.7.3 Rotated Q-delayed Constellation Diagrams;778
39.8;37.8 Frame Structure;781
39.8.1;37.8.1 P1 Symbol;783
39.8.2;37.8.2 P2 Symbols;784
39.8.3;37.8.3 Symbol, Frame, Superframe;785
39.9;37.9 Block Diagram;786
39.10;37.10 Interleavers;787
39.10.1;37.10.1 Types of Interleaver;788
39.10.2;37.10.2 DVB-T2 Time Interleaver Configuration;789
39.11;37.11 Pilots;792
39.12;37.12 Sub-Slicing;795
39.13;37.13 Time-Frequency-Slicing (TFS);796
39.14;37.14 PAPR Reduction;796
39.15;37.15 SISO/MISO Multi-Antenna Systems;798
39.15.1;37.15.1 MISO according to Alamouti;798
39.15.2;37.15.2 Modified Alamouti in DVB-T2;799
39.16;37.16 Future Extension Frames;803
39.17;37.17 Auxiliary Data Streams;803
39.18;37.18 DVB-T2-MI;803
39.19;37.19 SFNs in DVB-T2;804
39.20;37.20 Transmitter Identification Information in DVB-T2;805
39.21;37.21 Performance;806
39.22;37.22 T2-Lite;806
39.23;37.23 Outlook;806
40;38 DVB-C2;808
40.1;38.1 Introduction;808
40.2;38.2 Theoretical Maximum Channel Capacity;810
40.3;38.3 DVB-C2 – An Overview;811
40.4;38.4 Baseband Interface;811
40.5;38.5 Forward Error Correction;812
40.6;38.6 COFDM Parameters;812
40.7;38.7 Modulation Pattern;814
40.8;38.10 Definition of a Cell;816
40.9;38.11 Interleavers;816
40.10;38.12 Variable Coding and Modulation (VCM);817
40.11;38.13 Frame Structure;817
40.12;38.14 Channel Bundling and Slice Building;818
40.13;38.15 Preamble Symbols;819
40.14;38.16 Pilots in DVB-C2;822
40.15;38.17 PAPR;823
40.16;38.18 Block Diagram;823
40.17;38.19 Levels in Broadband Cables;823
40.18;38.20 Capacity;825
40.19;38.21 Outlook;825
41;39 DVB-T2 Measurement Technology;826
41.1;39.1 Measuring the RF Level;827
41.2;39.2 Measuring Bit Error Ratios (BER);829
41.3;39.3 Measuring the Modulation Error Ratio (MER);830
41.4;39.4 Constellation Analysis of DVB-T2 Signals;834
41.5;39.5 Measuring the Shoulder Distance;837
41.6;39.6 Measuring the Channel Impulse Response;839
41.7;39.7 Measuring the Amplitude Response and Group Delay;839
41.8;39.8 Measuring the Crest Factor (PAPR);840
41.9;39.9 Pre- and Post-Signaling Data;841
41.10;39.10 Practical Experiences and Measurement Results;841
41.10.1;39.10.1 Single and Multiple PLP;843
41.10.2;39.10.2 Code Rates and Modulation Methods of DVB-T2;844
41.10.3;39.10.2 Code Rates and Modulation Methods of DVB-T2;844
41.10.4;39.10.3 Comparison of Non-rotated and Rotated Constellations;844
41.10.5;39.10.4 Time Interleaver Parameters and Data Symbols per Frame;845
41.10.6;39.10.5 DVB-T2 Based Single Frequency Networks;845
41.10.7;39.10.6 SISO/MSO in DVB-T2;846
41.10.8;39.10.7 Suitability of DVB-T2 for Mobile Use;847
41.11;39.11 Summary;848
42;40 VHF FM Radio;850
42.1;40.1 Channel Spacing and Modulation Method;852
42.2;40.2 Spectrum of an FM-Modulated Signal;854
42.3;40.3 Stereo Multiplex Signal;858
42.4;40.4 Radio Data System (RDS);862
42.5;40.5 Minimum Field Strength and Adjacent-Channel Protection Ratios;865
42.6;40.6 Interferences Along the VHF FM Transmission Path;865
42.7;40.7 Minimum Receiver Input Level;866
42.8;40.8 Comparison with DAB/DAB+;871
42.9;40.9 Measurements on VHF FM Stereo Signals;872
42.9.1;40.9.1 Measuring the RF Level;873
42.9.2;40.9.2 Level Adjustment;873
42.9.3;40.9.3 Measuring the FM Deviation and the Multiplex Power;875
42.9.4;40.9.4 Measuring the Signal/Noise Ratio (SNR);875
42.9.5;40.9.5 Frequency Response of the Left and Right Audio Channels;878
42.9.6;40.9.6 Measuring the Stereo Crosstalk;878
42.9.7;40.9.7 Measuring the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD);879
42.9.8;40.9.8 Stereo Balance;880
42.9.9;40.9.9 Dual-Tone Factor;880
42.9.10;40.9.10 MPX Baseband Frequency Response;881
42.9.11;40.9.11 Asynchronous and Synchronous AM;882
42.9.12;40.9.12 Measuring Out-of-Band Components;882
43;41 Other Transmission Standards;883
43.1;41.1 MediaFLO;883
43.2;41.2 IBOC - HD Radio;884
43.3;41.3 FMextra;885
43.4;41.4 CMMB – Chinese Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting;885
44;42 Digital Dividend;887
44.1;42.1 Anatomy of the Mobile Radio Signals;887
44.2;42.2 Terrestrial TV Networks and Mobile Radio;888
44.3;42.3 Broadband Cable TV Networks and Mobile Radio;889
44.3.1;42.3.1 Influence of Co-channel Mobile Radio on DVB-C Reception;890
44.3.2;42.3.2 Influence of Co-channel Mobile Radio on Analog TV Reception;890
44.3.3;42.3.3 Influence of Co-channel Mobile Radio on Other Digital Broadband Services;890
44.4;42.4 Electromagnetic Field Immunity Standard for Sound and Television Broadcast Receivers;891
44.5;42.5 Summary;891
45;43 3DTV – Three-Dimensional Television;893
45.1;43.1 Anatomical Basics of 3D;893
45.2;43.2 The 3D Principle;895
45.3;43.3 Presentation of 3D Material;896
45.4;43.4 3DTV Transmission;898
45.5;43.5 Current 3D Technology Status and Outlook;901
46;44 Broadcast over Internet, HbbTV, OTT, Streaming;903
46.1;44.1 Introduction;903
46.2;44.2 Internet Applications in TV and Sound Broadcast;904
46.3;44.3 HbbTV - Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV;905
46.4;44.4 OTT – Over the Top TV;910
46.5;44.5 Summary and Outlook;912
47;45 Studio, Playout, Headend and Distribution Network;914
47.1;45.1 Playout;915
47.2;45.2 Headend;916
47.3;45.3 Distribution Network;917
47.4;45.4 Summary;918
48;46 Terrestrial Broadcasting Transmitters and Transmitter Stations;919
48.1;46.1 Modulation Signal Feed;920
48.2;46.2 Terrestrial Broadcast-Transmit Station;921
48.3;46.3 Modulator, Exciter;923
48.4;46.4 GPS Time/Frequency Reference;925
48.5;46.5 Transmitter Power Amplifiers;926
48.5.1;46.5.1 Transistor Technology;929
48.5.2;46.5.2 Power Amplifier Classes;933
48.5.2.1;46.5.2.1 Basic Circuit of a Transistor Amplifier;934
48.5.2.2;46.5.2.2 Class A Amplifiers;935
48.5.2.3;46.5.2.3 Class C Amplifiers;936
48.5.2.4;46.5.2.4 Class B Amplifiers;936
48.5.2.5;46.5.2.5 Class AB Amplifiers;937
48.5.3;46.5.3 Power Combiners and Power Dividers;938
48.5.3.1;46.5.3.1 Wilkinson power splitter;938
48.5.3.2;46.5.3.2 90 Degree Combiner;939
48.5.3.3;46.5.3.3 Principle of Operation of the 90 Degree Directional Coupler;942
48.5.3.4;46.5.3.4 Practical Application of Power Combiners;943
48.5.4;46.5.4 Transmission Lines;943
48.5.5;46.5.5 Cooling Technology;945
48.5.6;46.5.6 Amplifier Technologies for Improving Efficiency;947
48.5.6.1;46.5.6.1 The Doherty Technique;948
48.5.6.2;46.5.6.2 Envelope Tracking Technique;950
48.5.6.3;46.5.6.3 Switching Mode Amplifiers;950
48.6;46.6 Transmitter Output Filter;950
48.6.1;46.6.1 Harmonics Filter;952
48.6.2;46.6.2 Mask Filters;952
48.6.2.1;46.6.2.1 Coaxial Filters;954
48.6.2.2;46.6.2.2 Cavity Filters;955
48.7;46.7 Antenna Combiner;959
48.8;46.8 Antenna Feed and Transmit Antenna;959
49;47 ATSC3.0;969
49.1;47.1 ATSC3.0 goals and system design;969
49.2;47.2 ATSC3.0 input formats;970
49.3;47.3 ATSC3.0 forward error correction (FEC);970
49.4;47.4 Modulation scheme;972
49.5;47.5 Layer Division Multiplexing;974
49.6;47.6 Time Interleaving;976
49.7;47.7 OFDM implementation in ATSC3.0;976
49.8;47.8. PAPR, SISO, MISO;981
49.9;47.9 Single-Frequency Networks;982
49.10;47.10 TDM, FDM and LDM;982
49.11;47.11 Summary;984
50;48 LTE/5G-Based Broadcast;985
50.1;48.1 Mobile Broadcast Standards;985
50.2;48.2 Mobile Communication Standards;987
50.3;48.3 MBMS – Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services;992
50.4;48.4 Summary;998
51;49 Outlook;999
52;Bibliography;1000
53;Definition of Terms;1010
54;Channel Tables;1025
54.1;Europe, Terrestrial and Cable;1025
54.2;Australia, Terrestrial;1028
54.3;North America, Terrestrial;1029
54.4;North America, Cable;1031
54.5;DAB Channel Tables;1035
54.6;Europe, Satellite;1038
55;Index;1039