Fitzek / Katz Cooperation in Wireless Networks: Principles and Applications

Real Egoistic Behavior is to Cooperate!
1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-1-4020-4711-4
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 679 Seiten

Cooperation in Wireless Networks: Principles and Applications covers the underlying principles of cooperative techniques as well as several applications demonstrating the use of such techniques in practical systems. The book is written in a collaborative manner by several authors from Asia, America, and Europe. This book puts into one volume a comprehensive and technically rich appraisal of the wireless communications scene from a cooperation point of view.

Frank H. P. Fitzek is an Associate Professor in the Department of Communication Technology, University of Aalborg, Denmark heading the Future Vision group. His current research interests are in the areas of 4G wireless communication networks, cross layer protocol design and cooperative networking. Dr. Fitzek received his diploma (Dipl.-Ing.) degree in electrical engineering from the University of Technology - Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) - Aachen, Germany, in 1997 and his Ph.D. (Dr.-Ing.) in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University Berlin, Germany in 2002 for quality of service support in wireless CDMA networks. As a visiting student at the Arizona State University he conducted research in the field of video services over wireless networks. He co-founded the start-up company acticom GmbH in Berlin in 1999. In 2002 he was Adjunct Professor at the University of Ferrara, Italy giving lectures on wireless communications and conducting research on multi-hop networks. In 2005 he won the YRP award for the work on MIMO MDC.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fitzek, Frank H. P.

Katz, Marcos D.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;7
2;List of Figures;13
3;List of Tables;25
4;Contributing Authors;27
5;Foreword;43
6;Foreword;45
7;Acknowledgments;47
8;Preface;49
9;1 COOPERATION IN NATURE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS;53
9.1;1. Basics of Cooperation;54
9.2;2. The Prisoner’s Dilemma;57
9.3;3. The Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma;59
9.4;4. N–person Prisoner’s Dilemma;62
9.5;5. Stimulating Cooperative Behavior;64
9.6;6. Cooperation in Wireless Communication Systems;65
9.7;7. Cooperative Principles in Wireless Communications: The Future;76
9.8;8. Conclusion;78
9.9;References;78
10;2 COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS;81
10.1;1. Introduction;82
10.2;2. A Brief History of Relaying;83
10.3;3. Preliminaries of Relaying;86
10.4;4. Relaying: Fundamental Limits;90
10.5;5. Practical Strategies for Relaying Information;103
10.6;6. Conclusion;113
10.7;Notes;113
10.8;References;114
11;3 COOPERATION, COMPETITIONANDCOGNITION IN WIRELESS NETWORKS;121
11.1;1. Introduction;123
11.2;2. Cooperative Diversity Preliminaries;126
11.3;3. Cooperative Beamforming System Model and Beampattern;136
11.4;4. Cognitive Radio Preliminaries;140
11.5;5. Summary and Remarks;148
11.6;References;149
12;4 COOPERATION TECHNIQUES INCROSS-LAYER DESIGN;153
12.1;1. Introduction;154
12.2;2. Cross-layer Design;155
12.3;3. Node Cooperation in Wireless Networks;159
12.4;4. Node Cooperation with Cross-layer Design;160
12.5;5. Design Examples;162
12.6;References;176
13;5 NETWORK CODING IN WIRELESS NETWORKS;179
13.1;1. Introduction;180
13.2;2. Model;184
13.3;3. Distributed random network coding;185
13.4;4. Cost minimization;194
13.5;5. Further directions and results;207
13.6;Notes;210
13.7;References;210
14;6 COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY;215
14.1;1. Introduction;215
14.2;2. Elements of Cooperative Diversity;216
14.3;3. Cooperative Diversity in Existing Network Architectures;225
14.4;4. Discussion and Future Directions;232
14.5;References;235
15;7 COOPERATION IN AD-HOC NETWORKS;241
15.1;1. Introduction;242
15.2;2. Limits of Multihop;247
15.3;3. Spectrum Cooperation;255
15.4;4. Topology Aware Ad Hoc Networks;259
15.5;5. Hybrid Networks and 4G;264
15.6;6. Discussion and Conclusions;266
15.7;Notes;269
15.8;References;269
16;8 MULTI-ROUTE AND MULTI-USER DIVERSITY IN INFRASTRUCTURE- BASED MULTI- HOP NETWORKS;275
16.1;1. Introduction;275
16.2;2. Multi-route Diversity and Multi-user Diversity;277
16.3;3. Cooperative Induced Multi-user Diversity Routing for Multi- hop Infrastructure- based Networks with Mobile Relays;284
16.4;4. Simulation Results;290
16.5;5. Conclusion;291
16.6;References;292
17;9 COGNITIVE RADIO ARCHITECTURE;295
17.1;1. Introduction;296
17.2;2. Architecture;305
17.3;3. CRA I: Functions, Components and Design Rules;306
17.4;4. CRA II: The Cognition Cycle;326
17.5;5. CRA III: The Inference Hierarchy;331
17.6;6. CRA IV: Architecture Maps;340
17.7;7. CRA V: Building the CRA on SDR Architectures;346
17.8;8. Commercial CRA;359
17.9;9. Future Direction;361
17.10;Notes;361
17.11;References;362
18;10 STABILITY AND SECURITY IN WIRELESS COOPERATIVE NETWORKS;365
18.1;1. Introduction;366
18.2;2. Sustaining Cooperation;367
18.3;3. Dynamics of Cooperative Communication Systems;383
18.4;4. Conclusions and Discussion;409
18.5;References;409
19;11 POWER CONSUMPTION AND SPECTRUM USAGEPARADIGMSINCOOPERATIVEWIRELESS NETWORKS;417
19.1;1. Motivation;418
19.2;2. System under Investigation;418
19.3;3. Time Division Multiple Access Cooperation;419
19.4;4. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Cooperation;430
19.5;5. Conclusion;437
19.6;References;438
20;12 COOPERATIVE ANTENNA SYSTEMS;439
20.1;1. Introducing Antenna Cooperation;440
20.2;2. Antenna Systems and Algorithms : Foundations and Principles Antenna Systems;443
20.3;3. Channel Conditions, Measurements and Modeling: Practical Channels Simultaneous Channel Sounding Principles;450
20.4;4. Radio Systems : Performance Investigation Capacity of Short Range Cooperative Channels;457
20.5;5. General Conclusions on Practical Antenna Cooperation;468
20.6;References;470
21;13 DISTRIBUTED ANTENNAS: THE CONCEPT OF VIRTUAL ANTENNA ARRAYS;473
21.1;1. Introduction;474
21.2;2. Background & State-of-the-Art;475
21.3;3. Basic Application Principles;481
21.4;4. Closed-Form Capacity Expressions;484
21.5;5. Resource Allocation Protocols;495
21.6;6. Case Studies & Observations;505
21.7;Conclusions;510
21.8;References;511
22;14 COOPERATION IN 4G NETWORKS;515
22.1;1. Introduction;515
22.2;2. Defining 4G;517
22.3;3. Cooperation Opportunities in 4G;528
22.4;4. Discussions and Conclusions;543
22.5;References;545
23;15 COOPERATIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE IEEE 802 WIRELESS STANDARDS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES;549
23.1;1. Introduction;550
23.2;2. Mesh MAC Enhancement in IEEE 802.11s;551
23.3;3. Mesh Mode Operation in IEEE 802.15;553
23.4;4. Mesh Mode Operation in IEEE 802.16;555
23.5;5. Mobile Multihop Relay PHY/MAC Enhancement for IEEE 802.16e;555
23.6;6. Cognitive Radio/Spectrum Sharing Techniques in IEEE 802.22;558
23.7;7. Conclusions;564
23.8;References;565
24;16 COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION WITH MULTIPLE DESCRIPTION CODING;567
24.1;1. Introduction;568
24.2;2. Multiple Description Coding (MDC) Basics;571
24.3;3. Optimizing Multiple Description Coding for losses in the Cooperative Context;582
24.4;4. MDC with Conditional Compression (MDC–CC);586
24.5;5. Discussion;591
24.6;6. Conclusion;594
24.7;References;596
25;17 COOPERATIVE HEADER COMPRESSION;599
25.1;1. Header Compression Principles;600
25.2;2. Cooperative Header Compression;602
25.3;3. Application Fields of the Cooperative Header Compression;607
25.4;4. Tradeoff Between Compression Gain, Robustness and Bandwidth Savings;611
25.5;5. Conclusion;616
25.6;Notes;617
25.7;References;617
26;18 ENERGY AWARE TASK ALLOCATION IN COOPERATIVE WIRELESS NETWORKS;619
26.1;1. Introduction;620
26.2;2. Motivating Scenarios;623
26.3;3. Energy Aware Computing in Cooperative Networks;625
26.4;4. Modeling and Simulating Cooperative Energy Aware Computing;632
26.5;5. Effects of System Parameters;634
26.6;6. Summary;639
26.7;References;641
27;19 COOPERATIVECODINGANDITS APPLICATION TO OFDM SYSTEMS;645
27.1;1. Introduction;645
27.2;2. System Model;646
27.3;3. Performance Analysis of Coded Cooperative OFDM Systems;647
27.4;4. Simulation Results;651
27.5;5. Conclusions;656
27.6;References;656
28;20 COOPERATIVE METHODS FOR SPATIAL CHANNEL CONTROL;659
28.1;1. Introduction;659
28.2;2. Overview of SCC Methods;660
28.3;3. SCC with Multiple APs for High Density Hot Spots Scenario;663
28.4;4. SCC with Multiple BSs for Multi-Cell Outdoor Systems;671
28.5;5. Summary;679
28.6;References;679
29;GLOSSARY;683
30;Index;691

Leseproben

Chapter 2 COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS (p. 29)

Fundamental Limits and Practical Implementation

Arnab Chakrabarti
Rice University

Ashutosh Sabharwal
Rice University

Behnaam Aazhang
Rice UniversityAbstract:
This chapter summarizes theoretically achievable gains and the construction of practical codes for user-cooperation. Most of these results relate to the relay channel, which is a three-terminal channel that captures the essence of usercooperation and serves as one of the primary building blocks for cooperation on a larger scale. In investigating the fundamental limits of relaying, we present information-theoretic results on the achievable throughput of relay channel in mutual-information terms.

We also include results on Gaussian channels, and for the practically important case of half-duplex relaying. In the domain of relay coding, we specifically discuss pragmatic code constructions for half as well as full-duplex relaying, using LDPC codes as components.

Keywords: wireless communication, user cooperation, relay, broadcast, multiple access, decode-and-forward, estimate-and-forward, amplify-and-forward, information theory, coding, LDPC, max-flow min-cut

1. Introduction

Cooperative communication is one of the fastest growing areas of research, and it is likely to be a key enabling technology for efficient spectrum use in future. 1 The key idea in user-cooperation is that of resource-sharing among multiple nodes in a network. The reason behind the exploration of user-cooperation is that willingness to share power and computation with neighboring nodes can lead to savings of overall network resources.

Mesh networks provide an enormous application space for user-cooperation strateges to be implemented. In traditional communication networks, the physical layer is only responsible for communicating information from one node to another. In contrast, usercooperation implies a paradigm shift, where the channel is not just one link but the network itself.

The current chapter summarizes the fundamental limits achievable by cooperative communication, and also discusses practical code constructions that carry the potential to reach these limits. Cooperation is possible whenever the number of communicating terminals exceeds two. Therefore, a three-terminal network is a fundamental unit in usercooperation.

Indeed, a vast portion of the literature, especially in the realm of information theory, has been devoted to a special three-terminal channel, labeled the relay channel. The focus of our discussion will be the relay channel, and its various extensions. In contrast, there is also a prominent portion of literature devoted to cooperation as viewed from a network-wide perspective, which we will only briefly allude to.

Our emphasis is on user-cooperation in the domain of wireless communication, and the fundamental limits that we discuss are information theoretic in nature. In this regard, we first bound the achievable rates of relaying using mutual information expressions involving inputs and outputs of the cooperating nodes. We then investigate relaying in the context of Gaussian channels, and summarize known results for well-known relaying protocols.