Fränzle Chemical Elements in Plants and Soil: Parameters Controlling Essentiality

2010
ISBN: 978-90-481-2752-8
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 45, 196 Seiten

Reihe: Tasks for Vegetation Science

Earlier works on plant essential elements have revealed a series of complicated, counter-intuitive relationships among various chemical elements in different plant species, due to both unlike usage of certain elements in plants and to different carriers effecting resorption and transport. In an attempt to provide a more coherent theory behind plant mineral nutrition, this groundbreaking book adopts a very different approach from the existing literature, presenting an explanation of the essentiality of chemical elements in biological systems and the application of stoichiometric network analysis (SNA) to the biological system of elements. Starting with data from biochemical environmental analysis, and a discussion of the phenomena involved in metal ion partition and autocatalytic behaviour, conditions and criteria controlling the partition of metals into biomass are investigated. Several rules are derived and investigated in terms of their interaction both in comparisons among contemporary organisms and in terms of evolution. This allows the construction, for example of a map which directly traces the biological feature of essentiality to parameters of coordination chemistry. The book will have worldwide appeal for researchers interested in fields such as soil/plant interactions, bioinorganic chemistry, plant nutrition, phytomining, bioremediation, biogeochemistry, nutrient cycling, soil chemistry, and cellular physiology.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fränzle, Stefan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;0001090754.pdf;1
1.1;Chemical Elements in Plants and Soil: Parameters Controlling Essentiality;3
2;0001090750.pdf;8
2.1;Chapter 1;8
2.1.1;The Biological System of Elements;8
2.1.1.1;1.1 Principles of Element Distribution in Plants;8
2.1.1.1.1;1.1.1 Distribution Patterns of Chemical Elements in Plants;8
2.1.1.1.2;1.1.2 Biochemical Essentiality of Elements in the Light of Enzymatic Reactions;11
2.1.1.1.2.1;1.1.2.1 How Do Chemical Elements Shape Biology, Biochemistry?;12
2.1.1.1.2.2;1.1.2.2 Metal Ions and Their Relationship Towards Biocatalysis;13
2.1.1.1.3;1.1.3 Soil and Geochemistry: Support and Storage/Buffer System for Biology;13
2.1.1.1.3.1;1.1.3.1 General Geochemical Considerations;13
2.1.1.2;1.2 Methodology of Inquiries into the Biological System of Elements;18
2.1.1.2.1;1.2.1 Correlation Analysis of Element Distribution in Multiple Plant Species;18
2.1.1.2.2;1.2.2 Fundamentals of the Correlation-Chemical Analysis of Element Abundances;19
2.1.1.2.3;1.2.3 Stoichiometric Network Analysis;20
2.1.1.2.3.1;1.2.3.1 Biophysical Implications of Gibbs’s Phase Rule;20
2.1.1.2.3.2;1.2.3.2 Aqueous Coordination Chemistry Related to Metal Uptake;21
3;0001090751.pdf;23
3.1;Chapter 2;23
3.1.1;Autocatalytic Processes and the Role of Essential Elements in Plant Growth;23
3.1.1.1;2.1 Biomass Stability in the Light of Gibbs’s Phase Rule;23
3.1.1.2;2.2 Coordination-Chemical Control of Element Uptake;25
3.1.1.2.1;2.2.1 Metal Complexes in Biology: Definition of Complex Formation Constants;25
3.1.1.2.2;2.2.2 Electrochemical Parameters of Biologically Relevant Ligands;26
3.1.1.2.3;2.2.3 A Method to Calculate Metal–Ligand Association Equilibria;27
3.1.1.2.3.1;2.2.3.1 Complex Stability and the Electrochemical Ligand Parameter;29
3.1.1.2.4;2.2.4 How Does the Electrochemical Ligand Parameter Influence Real Versus Possible Hapticity of Some Polydentate Ligand?;36
3.1.1.2.4.1;2.2.4.1 Rules Which Can Account for Selective Metal–Ligand Interactions;37
3.1.1.2.4.2;2.2.4.2 (Lack of) Correlation and Differences in Biochemistry;44
3.1.1.2.5;2.2.5 Translating Complex Stabilities into Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) Data: The k¢ Term of Element Fractionation;46
3.1.1.2.5.1;2.2.5.1 Reasons of Biochemical/Biocatalytic Effects (Essentiality);47
3.1.1.2.6;2.2.6 Binding Stability of Substrates and Products in Catalytic Cycles: How Does Ligand Sensitivity Influence Reaction Kinet;47
3.1.1.2.6.1;2.2.6.1 Some Chemical Rules for Enzymatic Reactions;48
3.1.1.2.6.2;2.2.6.2 Enzymes Acting as Catalysts;50
3.1.1.2.6.3;2.2.6.3 General Features of Metabolic Kinetics;51
3.1.1.2.6.4;2.2.6.4 Michaelis–Menten Kinetics;55
3.1.1.2.6.5;2.2.6.5 Steady States in Metal-Promoted Biochemistry;55
3.1.1.2.6.6;2.2.6.6 Metals in Catalytic Chemistry and in Biochemistry;57
3.1.1.2.7;2.2.7 The Electrochemical Ligand Parameter, Metal Affinities and Chemical Ecology;58
3.1.1.2.7.1;2.2.7.1 Speciation of Metals Before and During Root Uptake by Plants;60
3.1.1.2.7.2;2.2.7.2 Further Transport of Metal Ions Inside Plants;62
3.1.1.2.7.3;2.2.7.3 Equilibrium Models, Concentration Ranges and Biological Functions of Metal Ions;65
3.1.1.2.8;2.2.8 Implications of Some Theorems from Stoichiometric Network Analysis (SNA) with Respect to Stability and Function Biochem;73
3.1.1.2.8.1;2.2.8.1 Additional Criteria from Stoichiometric Network Analysis (SNA);77
3.1.1.2.9;2.2.9 Matter (Flow) Balance, Metabolic Strategy6 and Estimation of Loss Processes (Exit Order) Within Autocatalytic Bioche;78
3.1.1.2.9.1;2.2.9.1 The Role of Soil Geobiochemistry and Litter Supply Rates in Effection and Control of Tropical (Amazonian) Metal Cycli;90
3.1.1.2.10;2.2.10 The Topology of Autocatalytic Feedback Patterns in Living Systems;91
3.1.1.2.11;2.2.11 SNA and Metal Transport in Terrestrial Plants;94
3.1.1.2.12;2.2.12 Stoichiometry of Terrestrial Plants and Its Implications According to SNA;101
3.1.1.2.13;2.2.13 A Comprehensive Analysis of Autocatalytic Processes Within Some Photosynthetic Plant;116
3.1.1.2.13.1;2.2.13.1 Plants Can Stand Some Soil Contamination;122
3.1.1.3;2.3 Some Remarks on Chemical Ecology;124
3.1.1.3.1;2.3.1 Constraints of Essentiality Caused by Consumers;124
3.1.1.3.2;2.3.2 Trophic Nets;127
3.1.1.3.2.1;2.3.2.1 Concentration Effects, Variation of Transporter Ligands and Fractionation of Elements in Trophic Chains;127
3.1.1.3.3;2.3.3 Succession and Ecological Stoichiometry Including Intermetal Ratios;130
3.1.1.3.3.1;2.3.3.1 Stoichiometric Changes During Succession;133
3.1.1.3.4;2.3.4 A Corollary on Bioindication;135
4;0001090752.pdf;137
4.1;Chapter 3;137
4.1.1;A Causal Model of Biochemical Essentiality;137
4.1.1.1;3.1 Influence of Intrinsic Bonding Stability and Ligand Sensitivity on the Biocatalytic Properties of Metal Ions;137
4.1.1.2;3.2 Complex Stability in Relation to Other Bioorganic Parameters;140
4.1.1.3;3.3 Phase Structures and Histology Revisited;151
4.1.1.4;3.4 Scope of the Essentiality Model;155
5;0001090753.pdf;158
5.1;Chapter 4;158
5.1.1;The Evolution of Essentiality;158
5.1.1.1;4.1 Evolution and Biochemical Catalysis;158
5.1.1.2;4.2 A Three-Step-Model for Uptake and Functionalization of Metal Ions Enforced by Chemical Evolution Itself (Bootstrap);160
5.1.1.2.1;4.2.1 Fractionation of Chemical Elements in and by Polymeric Antecessors of Biomass During Chemical Evolution;166
5.1.1.3;4.3 The Three-Functions-Rule as a Controlling Factor in the Origins of Essentiality;168
5.1.1.4;4.4 Biogeochemical Fractionation Processes and Essentiality Patterns in Different Taxa Under Changing Biogeochemical Boundary;173
6;0001090755.pdf;185
6.1;References;185
7;Franzle_Index_O.pdf;194