Françon / Ashhurst / Green Diffraction

Coherence in Optics
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8572-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 150 Seiten, Web PDF

Diffraction: Coherence in Optics presents a detailed account of the course on Fraunhofer diffraction phenomena, studied at the Faculty of Science in Paris. The publication first elaborates on Huygens' principle and diffraction phenomena for a monochromatic point source and diffraction by an aperture of simple form. Discussions focus on diffraction at infinity and at a finite distance, simplified expressions for the field, calculation of the path difference, diffraction by a rectangular aperture, narrow slit, and circular aperture, and distribution of luminous flux in the airy spot. The book then examines Fourier transformation and diffraction by several apertures. The manuscript takes a look at extended luminous sources and objects and diffraction phenomena in perfect optical instruments. Topics include diffraction gratings, phase contrast, apodization, filtering spatial frequencies, relation between the length of wave trains and the spectral width of the emitted radiations, successive wave trains emitted by an atom, and vibrations with different frequencies from a single atom. The manuscript also reviews diffraction phenomena in real optical instruments, including diffraction in the case of a spherical wave and diffraction spot in the presence of aberrations. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in diffraction phenomena.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Françon, M.

Ashhurst, W.

Green, L. L.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Diffraction: Coherence in Optics;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;CHAPTER I. Huygens' Principle and Diffraction Phenomena for a Monochromatic Point Source;12
6.1;1.1 Diffraction at infinity and at a finite distance;12
6.2;1.2 Light vibrations;14
6.3;1.3 The Huygens–Fresnel principle;18
6.4;1.4 Simplified expressions for the field;20
6.5;1.5 Calculation of the path difference;21
6.6;1.6 The general expression for the luminous intensity at P';23
7;CHAPTER II. Diffraction by an Aperture of Simple Form;25
7.1;2.1 Diffraction by a rectangular aperture;25
7.2;2.2 Diffraction by a narrow slit;30
7.3;2.3 Diffraction by a circular aperture;32
7.4;2.4 The asymptotic expansion for large values of .;36
7.5;2.5 The distribution of luminous flux in the Airy spot;37
8;CHAPTER III. The Fourier Transformation;40
8.1;3.1 The representation of a periodic function by a Fourier series;40
8.2;3.2 The Fourier integral;41
8.3;3,3 Some Fourier transforms;43
8.4;3.4 General properties connecting the wave surface with the diffraction pattern;49
9;CHAPTER IV. Diffraction by Several Apertures;54
9.1;4.1 Diffraction by several apertures identical in shape and orientation;54
9.2;4.2 Diffraction by a large number of apertures, identical in shape and orientation, irregularly distributed over the diaphragm;55
9.3;4.3 Complementary screens. Babinet's theorem;57
9.4;4.4 Diffraction by two identical slits;59
9.5;4.5 Diffraction by three identical slits;61
9.6;4.6 Diffraction by many slits;62
10;CHAPTER V. Extended Luminous Sources and Objects.Coherence;66
10.1;5.1 Spatial coherence and time-coherence;66
10.2;5.2 The relation between the length of wave trains and the spectral width of the emitted radiations. Coherence length and coherence time;70
10.3;5.3 The vibratíon emitted by an atom. The variation in the complex amplitude of the vibration during a wave train;76
10.4;5.4 The successive wave trains emitted by an atom;82
10.5;5.5 Vibrations from two different atoms which radiate the same mean frequency Vo (quasi-monochromatic light);84
10.6;5.6 Vibrations with different frequencies from a single atom;89
10.7;5.7 Vibrations with the same frequency from a single atom;91
10.8;5.8 The representation of the emission of an incoherent light source;92
10.9;5.9 The influence of tíme-coherence on diffraction phenomena. The diffraction spot in quasi-monochromatic light;94
10.10;5.10 Spatially coherent and incoherent objects;102
10.11;5.11 The image of an extended object illuminated with spatially incoherent light;103
10.12;5.12 The image of an extended object illuminated with spatially coherent light;107
11;CHAPTER VI. Diffraction Phenomena in Perfect Optical Instruments;111
11.1;6.1 Resolving power and the limit of perception in optical instruments;111
11.2;6.2 Diffraction gratings;118
11.3;6.3 Phase contrast;128
11.4;6.4 Dark ground method;132
11.5;6.5 Apodization;133
11.6;6.6 Filtering spatial frequencies (incoherent object);134
12;CHAPTER VII. Diffraction Phenomena in Real Optical Instruments;139
12.1;7.1 Diffraction in the case of a spherical wave;139
12.2;7.2 Diffraction pattern when there is a focusing error;142
12.3;7.3 Precision of focusing with an optical instrument;144
12.4;7.4 Diffraction spot in the presence of aberrations;145
13;Bibliography;148
14;Index;152