Fujimoto / Iwamae Plasma Polarization Spectroscopy

2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-73587-8
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 44, 384 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics

You'll learn all the underlying science and how to perform all the latest analytical techniques that plasma polarization spectroscopy (PPS) offers with this new book. The authors report on recent results of laboratory experiments, keeping you current with all the latest developments and applications in the field. There is also a timely discussion centered on instrumentation that is crucial to your ability to perform successful PPS experiments.

T. Fujimoto graduated from Kyoto University in 1964, finished his PhD. in 1969. He has been professor of Kyoto University from 1982 to 2005. He published 'Plasma Spectroscopy' from Oxford University Press in 2004. A. Iwamae graduated from Kyoto University in 1992, finished his Ph.D. in 1997. He has been Lecturer of Kyoto University from 1999. He has been working on PPS experiments of various plasmas.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fujimoto, Takashi

Iwamae, Atsushi

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;List of Contributors;14
4;1 Introduction;16
4.1;1.1 What is Plasma Polarization Spectroscopy?;16
4.2;1.2 History of PPS;20
4.3;1.3 Classification of PPS Phenomena;22
4.4;1.4 Atomic Physics;23
4.5;References;25
5;2 Zeeman and Stark Effects;28
5.1;2.1 General Theory;28
5.2;2.2 Zeeman Effect;32
5.3;2.3 Stark Effect;35
5.4;2.4 Combination of Electric and Magnetic Fields;40
5.5;References;42
6;3 Plasma Spectroscopy;44
6.1;3.1 Collisonal-Radiative Model: Rate Equations for Population;44
6.2;3.2 Ionizing Plasma and Recombining Plasma;49
6.3;References;64
7;4 Population-Alignment Collisional-Radiative Model;65
7.1;4.1 Population and Alignment;65
7.2;4.2 Excitation, Deexcitation and Elastic Collisions: Semiclassical Approach;69
7.3;4.3 Ionization and Recombination;78
7.4;4.4 Rate Equations;80
7.5;References;82
8;5 Definition of Cross Sections for the Creation, Destruction, and Transfer of Atomic Multipole Moments by Electron Scattering: Quantum Mechanical Treatment;83
8.1;5.1 General Theory;83
8.2;5.2 Inelastic Scattering;90
8.3;5.3 Alignment Creation by Elastic Electron Scattering;95
8.4;References;102
9;6 Collision Processes;104
9.1;6.1 Inelastic and Elastic Collisions;104
9.2;6.2 Recombination;123
9.3;6.3 Alignment Relaxation by Atom Collisions;130
9.4;References;138
10;7 Radiation Reabsorption;140
10.1;7.1 Alignment Creation by Radiation Reabsorption: Self- Alignment;140
10.2;7.2 Alignment Relaxation: Alignment Destruction and Disalignment;149
10.3;References;155
11;8 Experiments: Ionizing Plasma;157
11.1;8.1 Gas Discharge Plasmas;157
11.2;8.2 Z-Pinch Plasmas;166
11.3;8.3 Laser-Produced Plasmas;175
11.4;8.4 Magnetically Confined Plasmas;178
11.5;References;188
12;9 Experiments: Recombining Plasma;190
12.1;9.1 Introduction;190
12.2;9.2 Laser-Produced Plasmas;190
12.3;References;195
13;10 Various Plasmas;196
13.1;10.1 Charge Separation in Neutral Gas-Confined Laser- Produced Plasmas;196
13.2;10.2 Polarization of X-Ray Laser;212
13.3;10.3 Atomic Kinetics of Magnetic Sublevel Populations and Multipole Radiation Fields in Calculation of Polarization of Line Emissions;217
13.4;References;223
14;11 Polarized Atomic Radiative Emission in the Presence of Electric and Magnetic Fields;225
14.1;11.1 Introduction;226
14.2;11.2 Polarization-Density-Matrix Description;228
14.3;11.3 Polarization of Radiative Emission Along the Magnetic- Field Direction;240
14.4;11.4 Reduced-Density-Matrix Formulation;246
14.5;References;254
15;12 Astrophysical Plasmas;256
15.1;12.1 Introduction;256
15.2;12.2 Origin of Polarized Radiation;258
15.3;12.3 Quantum Theory of Photon–Atom Processes;261
15.4;12.4 The Hanle Effect in the Two-Level Atom;265
15.5;12.5 Scattering Polarization from Complex Atoms: The Role of Level- Crossing Physics;281
15.6;References;295
16;13 Electromagnetic Waves;297
16.1;13.1 Introduction;297
16.2;13.2 Effect of Environment on Atomic Dynamics;298
16.3;References;308
17;14 Instrumentation I;310
17.1;14.1 PPS Instrumentation in the UV–Visible Region;310
17.2;14.2 Polarization Degree;322
17.3;References;332
18;15 Instrumentation II;333
18.1;15.1 X-ray Polarization Measurements;333
18.2;15.2 Novel Polarimeter–Spectrometer for X-rays;340
18.3;References;351
19;Appendix A Light Polarization and Stokes Parameters;352
19.1;A.1 Electric Dipole Radiation;352
19.2;A.2 Stokes Parameters;355
20;Appendix B Angular Momentum and Rotation Matrix;356
20.1;B.1 Angular Momentum Coupling;356
20.2;B.2 Rotation Matrix;359
20.3;References;362
21;Appendix C Density Matrix: Light Observation and Relaxation;363
21.1;C.1 Density Matrix;363
21.2;C.2 Temporal Development;365
21.3;C.3 Observation;366
21.4;C.4 Examples;367
21.5;C.5 Relaxation;372
21.6;References;373
22;Appendix D Hanle Effect;374
22.1;D.1 Classical Picture;374
22.2;D.2 Quantum Picture;375
23;Appendix E Method to Determine the Population;376
23.1;Reference;379
24;Index;380